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Structured ternary fluids as nanocrystal incubators for enhanced crystallization control (2022)
Journal Article
Maunder, J., Aguilar, J., Hodgkinson, P., & Cooper, S. (2022). Structured ternary fluids as nanocrystal incubators for enhanced crystallization control. Chemical Science, 13(44), 13132-13140. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2sc04413g

In crystallization from solution, a ubiquitous process in both industry and the natural world, nucleation is usually the rate-determining step, followed by faster crystal growth. Consequently, crystals typically exist in the nm-size range for such li... Read More about Structured ternary fluids as nanocrystal incubators for enhanced crystallization control.

Nucleation of quartz under ambient conditions (2018)
Journal Article
Buckley, P., Hargreaves, N., & Cooper, S. (2018). Nucleation of quartz under ambient conditions. Communications Chemistry, 1, Article 49. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-018-0049-4

Quartz nucleation normally requires harsh conditions; for instance, hydrothermal processes at 200–300 °C and 15–100 bar, where the high growth rate precludes selective formation of nanometer-sized quartz. Under ambient conditions, even quartz growth... Read More about Nucleation of quartz under ambient conditions.

Tailored Supramolecular Gel and Microemulsion Crystallization Strategies – is Isoniazid Really Monomorphic? (2018)
Journal Article
Kennedy, S. R., Jones, C. D., Yufit, D. S., Nicholson, C. E., Cooper, S. J., & Steed, J. W. (2018). Tailored Supramolecular Gel and Microemulsion Crystallization Strategies – is Isoniazid Really Monomorphic?. CrystEngComm, 20(10), 1390-1398. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ce00066b

We report the application of supramolecular gel and microemulsion droplet crystallisation methodologies to isoniazid crystallization. Tailored gelators have been designed with isoniazid mimetic functionality in an attempt to control crystal morpholog... Read More about Tailored Supramolecular Gel and Microemulsion Crystallization Strategies – is Isoniazid Really Monomorphic?.

Light-Harvesting Antennae using the Host-Guest Chemistry of Mesoporous Organosilica (2017)
Journal Article
Cucinotta, F., Jarman, B. P., Caplan, C., Cooper, S. J., Riggs, H. J., Martinelli, J., …Puntoriero, F. (2018). Light-Harvesting Antennae using the Host-Guest Chemistry of Mesoporous Organosilica. ChemPhotoChem, 2(3), 196-206. https://doi.org/10.1002/cptc.201700144

This study presents two series of new host–guest chromophoric systems, where BODIPY dyes are organized into mesoporous silica. The dyes self‐assemble with surfactants to generate micellar templates that can direct the formation of the silica networks... Read More about Light-Harvesting Antennae using the Host-Guest Chemistry of Mesoporous Organosilica.

Nanographite Synthesized from Acidified Sucrose Microemulsions under Ambient Conditions (2016)
Journal Article
Hargreaves, N., & Cooper, S. J. (2016). Nanographite Synthesized from Acidified Sucrose Microemulsions under Ambient Conditions. Crystal Growth and Design, 16(6), 3133-3142. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5b01753

Nanographite is synthesized at room temperature and pressure through a simple process of acidifying sucrose microemulsions using sulfuric acid. The microemulsion droplets exert control over the reaction and sheet stacking process to ensure that only... Read More about Nanographite Synthesized from Acidified Sucrose Microemulsions under Ambient Conditions.

Nonclassical Crystallization of Dipicolinic Acid in Microemulsions (2015)
Journal Article
Chen, C., Nicholson, C., Ramsey, H., & Cooper, S. (2015). Nonclassical Crystallization of Dipicolinic Acid in Microemulsions. Crystal Growth and Design, 15(3), 1060-1066. https://doi.org/10.1021/cg501147j

Dipicolinic acid (DPA) was crystallized in microemulsions to investigate the effect of three-dimensional nanoconfinement on the crystallization process. The microemulsions were acidified with 2 M HCl to prevent the formation of DPA metal salts, which... Read More about Nonclassical Crystallization of Dipicolinic Acid in Microemulsions.

Crystallization of Mefenamic Acid from Dimethylformamide Microemulsions: Obtaining Thermodynamic Control through 3D Nanoconfinement (2011)
Journal Article
Nicholson, C., & Cooper, S. (2011). Crystallization of Mefenamic Acid from Dimethylformamide Microemulsions: Obtaining Thermodynamic Control through 3D Nanoconfinement. Crystals, 1(3), 195-205. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst1030195

Recently we showed how crystallization in microemulsions could lead directly to the most stable polymorph, thereby leapfrogging Ostwald’s rule of stages. Here we consider in more details the crystallization of mefenamic acid from dimethylformamide mi... Read More about Crystallization of Mefenamic Acid from Dimethylformamide Microemulsions: Obtaining Thermodynamic Control through 3D Nanoconfinement.

Stable Polymorphs Crystallized Directly under Thermodynamic Control in Three-Dimensional Nanoconfinement: A Generic Methodology (2011)
Journal Article
Nicholson, C., Chen, C., Mendis, B., & Cooper, S. (2011). Stable Polymorphs Crystallized Directly under Thermodynamic Control in Three-Dimensional Nanoconfinement: A Generic Methodology. Crystal Growth and Design, 11(2), 363-366. https://doi.org/10.1021/cg101200f

Thermodynamic control of crystallization has been achieved to produce stable polymorphs directly by using three-dimensional (3D) nanoconfinement in microemulsions. The theoretical basis for thermodynamic control of crystallization using 3D nanoconfin... Read More about Stable Polymorphs Crystallized Directly under Thermodynamic Control in Three-Dimensional Nanoconfinement: A Generic Methodology.

A simple classical model for predicting onset crystallization temperatures on curved substrates and its implications for phase transitions in confined volumes (2008)
Journal Article
Cooper, S., Nicholson, C., & Liu, J. (2008). A simple classical model for predicting onset crystallization temperatures on curved substrates and its implications for phase transitions in confined volumes. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 129(12), Article 124715. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2977993

For small confinement volumes, phase transition temperatures are determined by the scarcity of the crystallizing material, rather than the magnitude of the energy barrier, as the supply of molecules undergoing the phase transition can be depleted bef... Read More about A simple classical model for predicting onset crystallization temperatures on curved substrates and its implications for phase transitions in confined volumes.

Direct measurement of critical nucleus size in confined volumes (2007)
Journal Article
Liu, J., Nicholson, C., & Cooper, S. (2007). Direct measurement of critical nucleus size in confined volumes. Langmuir, 23(13), 7286-7292. https://doi.org/10.1021/la063650a

In crystallization, the critical nucleus size is of pivotal importance. Above this size, it is favorable for the new crystalline phase to form; below this size, the clusters will tend to dissolve rather than grow. To date, there has been no direct me... Read More about Direct measurement of critical nucleus size in confined volumes.

Unique crystal morphologies of glycine grown from octanoic acid-in-water emulsions. (2006)
Journal Article
Nicholson, C., Cooper, S., & Jamieson, M. (2006). Unique crystal morphologies of glycine grown from octanoic acid-in-water emulsions. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128(24), 7718-7719. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0603608

We have obtained both porous and dendritic, intricate morphology crystals of β-glycine by the novel and simple method of emulsion droplet adhesion and encapsulation. By using octanoic acid emulsified with nonionic surfactants, the adhesion of the emu... Read More about Unique crystal morphologies of glycine grown from octanoic acid-in-water emulsions..

Detailed mapping of biaxial orientation in polyethylene terephthalate bottles using polarised attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy. (2006)
Journal Article
Smith, M., Cooper, S., Winter, D., & Everall, N. (2006). Detailed mapping of biaxial orientation in polyethylene terephthalate bottles using polarised attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy. Polymer, 47(15), 5691-5700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.07.112

Polarised attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy has been used for detailed orientation mapping of 2l polyethylene terephthalate bottles subjected to different preform heating times. The results for the bottle with the standard preform heating... Read More about Detailed mapping of biaxial orientation in polyethylene terephthalate bottles using polarised attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy..

The use of phase-inverting emulsions to show the phenomenon of interfacial crystallization on both heating and cooling (2005)
Journal Article
Nicholson, C., Cooper, S., Marcellin, C., & Jamieson, M. (2005). The use of phase-inverting emulsions to show the phenomenon of interfacial crystallization on both heating and cooling. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 127(34), 11894-11895. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0526012

Highly anomalous crystallization behavior has been achieved in phase-inverting emulsion systems by using nonionic surfactants that induce nucleation. In particular, nucleation can be inhibited at the phase inversion, allowing systems held at, or near... Read More about The use of phase-inverting emulsions to show the phenomenon of interfacial crystallization on both heating and cooling.

First study on the effects of interfacial curvature and additive interfacial density on heterogeneous nucleation. Ice crystallization in oil-in-water emulsions and nanoemulsions with added 1-heptacosanol (2005)
Journal Article
Jamieson, M., Nicholson, C., & Cooper, S. (2005). First study on the effects of interfacial curvature and additive interfacial density on heterogeneous nucleation. Ice crystallization in oil-in-water emulsions and nanoemulsions with added 1-heptacosanol. Crystal Growth and Design, 5(2), 451-459. https://doi.org/10.1021/cg0498094

Extended classical nucleation theory predicts that heterogeneous crystallization on a convex substrate will be less efficient than for the planar case. In this article, we present the first systematic study of the effects of interfacial curvature on... Read More about First study on the effects of interfacial curvature and additive interfacial density on heterogeneous nucleation. Ice crystallization in oil-in-water emulsions and nanoemulsions with added 1-heptacosanol.

Neutron reflectivity and external reflection FTIR studies of DL-aspartic acid crystallization beneath nylon 6 spread films (2004)
Journal Article
Jamieson, M., Cooper, S., Miller, A., & Holt, S. (2004). Neutron reflectivity and external reflection FTIR studies of DL-aspartic acid crystallization beneath nylon 6 spread films. Langmuir, 20(9), 3593-3600

The crystallization of DL-aspartic acid beneath nylon 6 spread films has been studied for 150% supersaturated systems using neutron reflectivity and external reflection FTIR. The neutron reflectivity data showed the gradual incorporation Of DL-aspart... Read More about Neutron reflectivity and external reflection FTIR studies of DL-aspartic acid crystallization beneath nylon 6 spread films.

In situ Imaging of langmuir films of nylon-6,6 polymer using environmental scanning electron microscopy (2002)
Journal Article
Miller, A., & Cooper, S. (2002). In situ Imaging of langmuir films of nylon-6,6 polymer using environmental scanning electron microscopy. Langmuir, 18(4), 1310-1317. https://doi.org/10.1021/la011446b

Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) has been applied to image the organization of spread films at the air-water interface directly. This recent extension of conventional scanning electron microscopy permits the resolution of electron mi... Read More about In situ Imaging of langmuir films of nylon-6,6 polymer using environmental scanning electron microscopy.

The effect of additive aggregation state on controlling crystallization. Crystallization of L-asparagine monohydrate in the presence of carboxylic acid functionality additives (2001)
Journal Article
Cooper, S. (2001). The effect of additive aggregation state on controlling crystallization. Crystallization of L-asparagine monohydrate in the presence of carboxylic acid functionality additives. CrystEngComm, art. no.-56

L-Asparagine monohydrate crystals grown from 100-300% supersaturated solutions in the presence of 1-20 mg ml(-1) polyacrylic acid exhibit a needle-like morphology, instead of their normal prismatic morphology. A similar effect is observed for crystal... Read More about The effect of additive aggregation state on controlling crystallization. Crystallization of L-asparagine monohydrate in the presence of carboxylic acid functionality additives.

A polarised μ-FTIR study on a model system for nylon 6 6: implications for the nylon Brill structure (2001)
Journal Article
Cooper, S., Coogan, M., Everall, N., & Priestnall, I. (2001). A polarised μ-FTIR study on a model system for nylon 6 6: implications for the nylon Brill structure. Polymer, 42(26), 10119-10132. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861%2801%2900566-3

Polarised transmission FTIR microscopy studies (μ-FTIR) have been performed on a monodisperse 3-amide oligomer. The oligomer is a model compound for nylon 6 6; it has essentially the same room temperature crystal structure, and it undergoes the same... Read More about A polarised μ-FTIR study on a model system for nylon 6 6: implications for the nylon Brill structure.