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Professor Ian Baxendale's Outputs (195)

Discovery of a Potent Dual Inhibitor of Aromatase and Aldosterone Synthase. (2023)
Journal Article
Tinivella, A., Banchi, M., Gambacorta, G., Borghi, F., Orlandi, P., Baxendale, I. R., …Rastelli, G. (2023). Discovery of a Potent Dual Inhibitor of Aromatase and Aldosterone Synthase. ACS pharmacology & translational science, 6(12), 1870-1883. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.3c00183

Estrogen deficiency derived from inhibition of estrogen biosynthesis is a typical condition of postmenopausal women and breast cancer (BCs) patients undergoing antihormone therapy. The ensuing increase in aldosterone levels is considered to be the ma... Read More about Discovery of a Potent Dual Inhibitor of Aromatase and Aldosterone Synthase..

Spectroscopic dataset of Hedione's derivatives gathered during process development (2022)
Journal Article
Sharley, J. S., Gambacorta, G., Pérez, A. M. C., Ferri, E. E., Miranda, A. F., Quesada, J. S., & Baxendale, I. R. (2023). Spectroscopic dataset of Hedione's derivatives gathered during process development. Data in Brief, 46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108801

The dataset of spectroscopic analysis performed on starting materials, intermediates, and products relating to the synthesis of Hedione are hereby presented. The data were acquired in Durham university during the period between October 2020 and Septe... Read More about Spectroscopic dataset of Hedione's derivatives gathered during process development.

A simple one-pot oxidation protocol for the synthesis of dehydrohedione from Hedione (2022)
Journal Article
Sharley, J. S., Gambacorta, G., Collado Pérez, A. M., Ferri, E. E., Miranda, A. F., Fernández, I. F., …Baxendale, I. R. (2022). A simple one-pot oxidation protocol for the synthesis of dehydrohedione from Hedione. Tetrahedron, 126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2022.133068

A new method for the oxidation of Hedione 1 to dehydrohedione 2, a high value intermediate in the flavour and fragrance industry, has developed based upon one pot α-chlorination-elimination sequence which can be readily scaled. The spontaneous elimin... Read More about A simple one-pot oxidation protocol for the synthesis of dehydrohedione from Hedione.

Further investigations into imine-mediated formation of allylic nitro compounds (2022)
Journal Article
Sharley, J. S., Gambacorta, G., Collado Pérez, A. M., Ferri, E. E., Miranda, A. F., Quesada, J. S., & Baxendale, I. R. (2022). Further investigations into imine-mediated formation of allylic nitro compounds. Tetrahedron, 126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2022.133058

Nitro alkanes are valuable starting materials for functionalisation via their corresponding anions as well as their transformation into other important groups such as ketones via the Nef reaction. Herein, we report a process development study for the... Read More about Further investigations into imine-mediated formation of allylic nitro compounds.

Identification of potential biological targets of oxindole scaffolds via in silico repositioning strategies (2022)
Journal Article
Tinivella, A., Pinzi, L., Gambacorta, G., Baxendale, I., & Rastelli, G. (2022). Identification of potential biological targets of oxindole scaffolds via in silico repositioning strategies. F1000Research, 11, https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.109017.2

Background: Drug repurposing is an alternative strategy to traditional drug discovery that aims at predicting new uses for already existing drugs or clinical candidates. Drug repurposing has many advantages over traditional drug development, such as... Read More about Identification of potential biological targets of oxindole scaffolds via in silico repositioning strategies.

Continuous-Flow Hofmann Rearrangement Using Trichloroisocyanuric Acid for the Preparation of 2-Benzoxazolinone (2022)
Journal Article
Gambacorta, G., & Baxendale, I. R. (2022). Continuous-Flow Hofmann Rearrangement Using Trichloroisocyanuric Acid for the Preparation of 2-Benzoxazolinone. Organic Process Research and Development, 26, 422-430. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00440

A continuous-flow preparation of 2-benzoxazolinone via the Hofmann rearrangement of salicylamide has been implemented employing trichloroisocyanuric acid as the stable and atom-economic chlorinating agent. The system was optimized to avoid solid accu... Read More about Continuous-Flow Hofmann Rearrangement Using Trichloroisocyanuric Acid for the Preparation of 2-Benzoxazolinone.

6-Chloro-3H-benzo[d][1,2,3]dithiazol-2-ium Chloride (2022)
Journal Article
Nicholls, A. J., & Baxendale, I. R. (2022). 6-Chloro-3H-benzo[d][1,2,3]dithiazol-2-ium Chloride. Molbank, 2022(1), Article M1339. https://doi.org/10.3390/m1339

This short note describes the synthesis of an amorphous benzo[1,2,3]dithiazole chloride salt (commonly known as a ‘Herz salt’) by use of the Herz reaction. Hetero- and homolytic transformations of this species to a variety of useful adducts in medici... Read More about 6-Chloro-3H-benzo[d][1,2,3]dithiazol-2-ium Chloride.

4,4’-(Pyridin-4-ylmethylene)dibenzonitrile (2021)
Journal Article
Lancaster, B. M., Nicholls, A. J., & Baxendale, I. R. (2021). 4,4’-(Pyridin-4-ylmethylene)dibenzonitrile. Molbank, 2021(4), Article M1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/m1302

This communication describes an unprecedented substitution cascade, in which 4-methylpyridine, following deprotonation with LDA, twice acts as a carbon nucleophile in an unusual SNAr process, to form a novel triarylmethane structure. A proposed mecha... Read More about 4,4’-(Pyridin-4-ylmethylene)dibenzonitrile.

Protein domain-based prediction of drug/compound–target interactions and experimental validation on LIM kinases (2021)
Journal Article
Doğan, T., Akhan Güzelcan, E., Baumann, M., Koyas, A., Atas, H., Baxendale, I. R., …Cetin-Atalay, R. (2021). Protein domain-based prediction of drug/compound–target interactions and experimental validation on LIM kinases. PLoS Computational Biology, 17(11), Article e1009171. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009171

Predictive approaches such as virtual screening have been used in drug discovery with the objective of reducing developmental time and costs. Current machine learning and network-based approaches have issues related to generalization, usability, or m... Read More about Protein domain-based prediction of drug/compound–target interactions and experimental validation on LIM kinases.

Synthesis of 7-Chloroquinoline Derivatives Using Mixed Lithium-Magnesium Reagents (2021)
Journal Article
Murie, V. E., Nicolino, P. V., dos Santos, T., Gambacorta, G., Nishimura, R. H., Perovani, I. S., …Clososki, G. C. (2021). Synthesis of 7-Chloroquinoline Derivatives Using Mixed Lithium-Magnesium Reagents. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 86(19), 13402-13419. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.1c01521

We have prepared a library of functionalized quinolines through the magnesiation of 7-chloroquinolines under mild conditions, employing both batch and continuous flow conditions. The preparation involved the generation of mixed lithium-magnesium inte... Read More about Synthesis of 7-Chloroquinoline Derivatives Using Mixed Lithium-Magnesium Reagents.

A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries (2021)
Journal Article
Gambacorta, G., Sharley, J. S., & Baxendale, I. R. (2021). A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 17, 1181-1312. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.90

Due to their intrinsic physical properties, which includes being able to perform as volatile liquids at room and biological temperatures, fragrance ingredients/intermediates make ideal candidates for continuous-flow manufacturing. This review highlig... Read More about A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries.

Photochemical Flow Oximation of Alkanes (2020)
Journal Article
Baxendale, I. R., Griffiths, O. M., & Ruggeri, M. (2020). Photochemical Flow Oximation of Alkanes. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 31(19), 1907-1912. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707281

The nitrosation of several alkanes using tert-butyl nitrite has been performed in flow showing a remarkable reduction in the reaction time compared with batch processing. Due to the necessity for large excesses of the alkane component a continuous re... Read More about Photochemical Flow Oximation of Alkanes.

Straight Forward and Versatile Differentiation of the l-glycero and d-glycero-d-manno Heptose Scaffold (2020)
Journal Article
Suster, C., Baxendale, I. R., Mihovilovic, M. D., & Stanetty, C. (2020). Straight Forward and Versatile Differentiation of the l-glycero and d-glycero-d-manno Heptose Scaffold. Frontiers in Chemistry, 8, Article 625. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00625

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are important bio-medical structures, playing a major role in the interaction with human immune systems. Their core regions, containing multiple units of L-glycero-D-manno heptoses (L,D-heptose), are highly conserv... Read More about Straight Forward and Versatile Differentiation of the l-glycero and d-glycero-d-manno Heptose Scaffold.

A rearrangement of 3-hydroxyazetidines into 2-oxazolines (2020)
Journal Article
Ruggeri, M., Dombrowski, A. W., Djuric, S. W., & Baxendale, I. R. (2020). A rearrangement of 3-hydroxyazetidines into 2-oxazolines. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 85(11), 7276-7286. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.0c00656

A novel rearrangement sequence of 3-hydroxyazetidines via a Ritter initiated cascade provides highly substituted 2-oxazolines in high yields. The reaction conditions and substrate scope of the transformation have been studied demonstrating the genera... Read More about A rearrangement of 3-hydroxyazetidines into 2-oxazolines.

A One-Pot Divergent Sequence to Pyrazole and Quinoline Derivatives (2020)
Journal Article
Gambacorta, G., Apperley, D. C., & Baxendale, I. R. (2020). A One-Pot Divergent Sequence to Pyrazole and Quinoline Derivatives. Molecules, 25(9), Article 2160. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092160

The hydroxy-pyrazole and 3-hydroxy-oxindole motifs have been utilised in several pharma and agrochemical leads but are distinctly underrepresented in the scientific literature due to the limited routes of preparation. We have developed a one-pot proc... Read More about A One-Pot Divergent Sequence to Pyrazole and Quinoline Derivatives.

Copper-Mediated Nitrosation: 2-Nitrosophenolato Complexes and Their Use in the Synthesis of Heterocycles (2019)
Journal Article
Nicholls, A., Batsanov, A., & Baxendale, I. (2019). Copper-Mediated Nitrosation: 2-Nitrosophenolato Complexes and Their Use in the Synthesis of Heterocycles. Molecules, 24(22), Article 4154. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224154

A simple protocol yielding ortho-substituted nitrosophenols from phenols is demonstrated, in the form of copper(II) bis(nitrosophenolato) complexes. The developed methodology was applied to a range of substrates, confirming the role of the copper in... Read More about Copper-Mediated Nitrosation: 2-Nitrosophenolato Complexes and Their Use in the Synthesis of Heterocycles.

The Synthesis and Utility of Metal-Nitrosophenolato Compounds—Highlighting the Baudisch Reaction (2019)
Journal Article
Nicholls, A., Barber, T., & Baxendale, I. (2019). The Synthesis and Utility of Metal-Nitrosophenolato Compounds—Highlighting the Baudisch Reaction. Molecules, 24(22), https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224018

The syntheses of the title compounds demonstrate a privileged introduction of a nitroso (and a hydroxyl via the Baudisch reaction) group to an aromatic ring. These complexes first appeared in the literature as early as 1939, and a range of applicatio... Read More about The Synthesis and Utility of Metal-Nitrosophenolato Compounds—Highlighting the Baudisch Reaction.

A simple and efficient flow preparation of pyocyanin a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2019)
Journal Article
Mortzfeld, F., Pietruszka, J., & Baxendale, I. (2019). A simple and efficient flow preparation of pyocyanin a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2019(31-32), 5424-5433. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201900526

The synthesis of the naturally occurring toxin pyocyanin has been realized in a short 4 step sequence. The key photochemical reaction and isolation of the final product has been facilitated by the use of flow chemistry techniques and immobilised reag... Read More about A simple and efficient flow preparation of pyocyanin a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Photochemical flow synthesis of 3‐hydroxyazetidines (2019)
Journal Article
Ruggeri, M., Dombrowski, A. W., Djuric, S. W., & Baxendale, I. R. (in press). Photochemical flow synthesis of 3‐hydroxyazetidines. ChemPhotoChem, https://doi.org/10.1002/cptc.201900188

A photo‐flow Norrish‐Yang cyclisation has been devised that delivers 3‐hydroxyazetidines in good yields. The high reproducibility and short residence times of the flow process enables easy scaling of the transformation allowing access to these valuab... Read More about Photochemical flow synthesis of 3‐hydroxyazetidines.

Flow Hydrodediazoniation of Aromatic Heterocycles (2019)
Journal Article
Röder, L., Nicholls, A. J., & Baxendale, I. R. (2019). Flow Hydrodediazoniation of Aromatic Heterocycles. Molecules, 24(10), Article 1996. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24101996

Continuous flow processing was applied for the rapid replacement of an aromatic amino group with a hydride. The approach was applied to a range of aromatic heterocycles, confirming the wide scope and substituent-tolerance of the processes. Flow equip... Read More about Flow Hydrodediazoniation of Aromatic Heterocycles.

A solid-supported arylboronic acid catalyst for direct amidation (2019)
Journal Article
Du, Y., Barber, T., Lim, S. E., Rzepa, H. S., Baxendale, I. R., & Whiting, A. (2019). A solid-supported arylboronic acid catalyst for direct amidation. Chemical Communications, 55(20), 2916-2919. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cc09913h

An efficient heterogeneous amidation catalyst has been prepared by co-polymerisation of styrene, DVB with 4-styreneboronic acid, which shows wide substrate applicability and higher reactivity than the equivalent homogeneous phenylboronic acid, sugges... Read More about A solid-supported arylboronic acid catalyst for direct amidation.

Synthesis of new derivatives of boehmeriasin A and their biological evaluation in liver cancer (2019)
Journal Article
Güzelcan, E. A., Baxendale, I. R., Cetin-Atalay, R., & Baumann, M. (2019). Synthesis of new derivatives of boehmeriasin A and their biological evaluation in liver cancer. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 166, 243-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.056

Two series of boehmeriasin A analogs have been synthesized in short and high yielding processes providing derivatives differing either in the alkaloid's pentacyclic scaffold or its peripheral substitution pattern. These series have enabled, for the f... Read More about Synthesis of new derivatives of boehmeriasin A and their biological evaluation in liver cancer.

Flow Chemistry Approaches Applied to the Synthesis of Saturated Heterocycles (2018)
Book Chapter
Baumann, M., & Baxendale., I. (2018). Flow Chemistry Approaches Applied to the Synthesis of Saturated Heterocycles. In U. K. Sharma, & E. V. Van der Eycken (Eds.), Flow Chemistry for the Synthesis of Heterocycles (187-236). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94328-2

Continuous-flow processing approaches are having a significant impact on the way we devise and perform chemical synthesis. Flow chemistry has repeatedly demonstrated numerous improvements with respect to synthesis efficiency, process safety and ease... Read More about Flow Chemistry Approaches Applied to the Synthesis of Saturated Heterocycles.

Methyl glycosides via Fischer glycosylation: translation from batch microwave to continuous flow processing (2018)
Journal Article
Aronow, J., Stanetty, C., Baxendale, I., & Mihovilovic, M. (2018). Methyl glycosides via Fischer glycosylation: translation from batch microwave to continuous flow processing. Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly, 150, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-018-2306-8

A continuous flow procedure for the synthesis of methyl glycosides (Fischer glycosylation) of various monosaccharides using a heterogenous catalyst has been developed. In-depth analysis of the isomeric composition was undertaken and high consistency... Read More about Methyl glycosides via Fischer glycosylation: translation from batch microwave to continuous flow processing.

Unprecedented Alkene Transposition in Phthalate–Amino Acid Adducts (2018)
Journal Article
Saha, I., Baxendale, I., & Baumann, M. (2018). Unprecedented Alkene Transposition in Phthalate–Amino Acid Adducts. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 29(20), 2648-2654. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611294

A detailed account on the outcome of the thermal reaction between benzylidene phthalides and various amino acid derivatives is reported. It was discovered that the tricyclic pyrroles as previously described are not the products formed in these reacti... Read More about Unprecedented Alkene Transposition in Phthalate–Amino Acid Adducts.

A Robust and Scalable Continuous Flow Process for Glycerol Carbonate (2018)
Journal Article
Mileghem, S. V., Borggraeve, W. M. D., & Baxendale, I. R. (2018). A Robust and Scalable Continuous Flow Process for Glycerol Carbonate. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 41(10), 2014-2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201800012

We report a robust continuous flow procedure for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate (2‐GLC) from green reagents glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), mediated by an inexpensive polymer‐supported base catalyst using methanol as co‐solvent. High conv... Read More about A Robust and Scalable Continuous Flow Process for Glycerol Carbonate.

Flow Synthesis of Coumalic Acid and its Derivatization (2018)
Journal Article
Smith, L. K., & Baxendale, I. R. (2018). Flow Synthesis of Coumalic Acid and its Derivatization. Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, 3(5), 722-732. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8re00116b

Coumalic acid is a valuable platform compound which can be prepared from malic acid, a biorenewable feedstock readily derived from the fermentation of glucose. Current batch procedures to synthesise coumalic acid have several drawbacks, which we addr... Read More about Flow Synthesis of Coumalic Acid and its Derivatization.

The Indium and Zinc-Mediated Acyloxyallylation of Protected and Unprotected Aldotetroses - Revealing a Pronounced Diastereodivergence and a Fundamental Difference in the Performance of the Mediating Metal (2018)
Journal Article
Draskovits, M., Stanetty, C., Baxendale, I. R., & Mihovilovic, M. D. (2018). The Indium and Zinc-Mediated Acyloxyallylation of Protected and Unprotected Aldotetroses - Revealing a Pronounced Diastereodivergence and a Fundamental Difference in the Performance of the Mediating Metal. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 83(5), 2647-2659. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.7b03063

The acyloxyallylation of unprotected aldoses was first demonstrated more than a decade ago as a potentially elegant two-carbon homologation of reducing sugars (upon ozonolysis); however, its application in real case syntheses remained scarce. Followi... Read More about The Indium and Zinc-Mediated Acyloxyallylation of Protected and Unprotected Aldotetroses - Revealing a Pronounced Diastereodivergence and a Fundamental Difference in the Performance of the Mediating Metal.

Diastereoselective Synthesis and Diversification of Highly Functionalized Cyclopentanones (2017)
Journal Article
Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2018). Diastereoselective Synthesis and Diversification of Highly Functionalized Cyclopentanones. Synthesis: Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 50(04), 753-759. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1591745

An efficient entry into highly substituted cyclopentanones is presented based on functionalizing cyclopentenones by means of an aza-Michael reaction with different aniline nucleophiles. The excellent diastereoselectivity of this process is ascribed t... Read More about Diastereoselective Synthesis and Diversification of Highly Functionalized Cyclopentanones.

A concise flow synthesis of indole-3-carboxylic ester and its derivatisation to an auxin mimic (2017)
Journal Article
Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., & Deplante, F. (2017). A concise flow synthesis of indole-3-carboxylic ester and its derivatisation to an auxin mimic. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 13, 2549-2560. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.251

An assembled suite of flow-based transformations have been used to rapidly scale-up the production of a novel auxin mimic-based herbicide which was required for preliminary field trials. The overall synthetic approach and optimisation studies are des... Read More about A concise flow synthesis of indole-3-carboxylic ester and its derivatisation to an auxin mimic.

Sustainable Flow Synthesis of a Versatile Cyclopentenone Building Block (2017)
Journal Article
Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., Filipponi, P., & Hu, T. (2017). Sustainable Flow Synthesis of a Versatile Cyclopentenone Building Block. Organic Process Research and Development, 21(12), 2052-2059. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00328

A flow based multistep processing sequence to reliably provide the delivery of a highly functional cyclopentenone is described. The exemplification of employing solid dosing of reagents and in-line aqueous extraction has enabled an integrated workflo... Read More about Sustainable Flow Synthesis of a Versatile Cyclopentenone Building Block.

Flow-Assisted Synthesis: A Key Fragment of SR 142948A (2017)
Journal Article
Kitching, M. O., Dixon, O. E., Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2017). Flow-Assisted Synthesis: A Key Fragment of SR 142948A. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2017(44), 6540-6553. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201700904

We report a series of multi-step flow operations to deliver an advanced hydrazine intermediate used in the assembly of the neurotensin modulator SR 142948A. Several new reactor configurations have enabled chemical transformations that would be otherw... Read More about Flow-Assisted Synthesis: A Key Fragment of SR 142948A.

A Continuous-Flow Method for the Desulfurization of Substituted Thioimidazoles Applied to the Synthesis of Etomidate Derivatives (2017)
Journal Article
Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2017). A Continuous-Flow Method for the Desulfurization of Substituted Thioimidazoles Applied to the Synthesis of Etomidate Derivatives. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2017(44), 6518-6524. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201700833

A simple yet robust flow set-up for the efficient desulfurization of a series of thioimidazoles is presented, which generates the corresponding imidazole derivatives in high yields. The strategic choice of peristaltic over piston pumps allowed reliab... Read More about A Continuous-Flow Method for the Desulfurization of Substituted Thioimidazoles Applied to the Synthesis of Etomidate Derivatives.

Ethyl 5-(4-Bromophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (2017)
Journal Article
Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2017). Ethyl 5-(4-Bromophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate. Molbank, 2017(3), Article M951. https://doi.org/10.3390/m951

This note describes a sequence converting an oxime-substituted pyrrolidine into a trisubstituted pyrrole structure. The synthetic route is based on a double chlorination of the pyrrolidine substrate followed by the base induced formation of both an i... Read More about Ethyl 5-(4-Bromophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate.

Rac-2′,3a,6,6,6′,6′-Hexamethyl-3a,3b,6,7-tetra-hydrospiro-[benzo[2,3]cyclopropa[1,2-c]pyrazole-1,1′-cyclo-hepta[2,4]diene] (2017)
Journal Article
Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. (2017). Rac-2′,3a,6,6,6′,6′-Hexamethyl-3a,3b,6,7-tetra-hydrospiro-[benzo[2,3]cyclopropa[1,2-c]pyrazole-1,1′-cyclo-hepta[2,4]diene]. Molbank, 2017(3), Article M948. https://doi.org/10.3390/m948

This note describes a novel reaction cascade in which a tosylhydrazone derivative of eucarvone undergoes a non-classical dimerization process under basic conditions. The key step in this sequence is a dipolar cycloaddition between a diazo species and... Read More about Rac-2′,3a,6,6,6′,6′-Hexamethyl-3a,3b,6,7-tetra-hydrospiro-[benzo[2,3]cyclopropa[1,2-c]pyrazole-1,1′-cyclo-hepta[2,4]diene].

Continuous flow synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) via free radical polymerisation (2017)
Journal Article
Brocken, L., Price, P. D., Whittaker, J., & Baxendale, I. R. (2017). Continuous flow synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) via free radical polymerisation. Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, 2(5), 662-668. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7re00063d

The free radical polymerisation of aqueous solutions of acrylic acid (1) has been studied using a continuous flow reactor to quickly screen reaction parameters such as temperature, residence time, monomer- and initiator concentration. The experimenta... Read More about Continuous flow synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) via free radical polymerisation.

Purification of poly(acrylic acid) using a membrane ultra-filtration unit in flow (2017)
Journal Article
Brocken, L., Whittaker, J., Price, P., & Baxendale, I. R. (2017). Purification of poly(acrylic acid) using a membrane ultra-filtration unit in flow. Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, 2(5), 656-661. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7re00080d

We have developed methodology to synthesise aqueous soluble polymers such as poly(acrylic acid) in flow, enabling access to a variety of molecular weights [L. Brocken, P. D. Price, J. Whittaker and I. R. Baxendale, React. Chem. Eng., 2017, in press].... Read More about Purification of poly(acrylic acid) using a membrane ultra-filtration unit in flow.

A Continuous Flow Synthesis and Derivatisation of 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles (2017)
Journal Article
Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. (2017). A Continuous Flow Synthesis and Derivatisation of 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 25(23), 6218-6223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.022

A continuous flow process is presented that enables the efficient synthesis and derivatization of 1,2,4-thiadiazole heterocycles. Special attention was given to the safe handling of the versatile yet hazardous trichloromethane sulfenylchloride reagen... Read More about A Continuous Flow Synthesis and Derivatisation of 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles.

Adjust band gap of IATO nanoparticles to obtain desirable optical property by one-step hydrothermal oxidation (2017)
Journal Article
Hu, T., Su, Y., Baxendale, I. R., Tan, J., Tang, H., Xiao, L., …Ning, P. (2017). Adjust band gap of IATO nanoparticles to obtain desirable optical property by one-step hydrothermal oxidation. Current Applied Physics, 17(4), 584-591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2017.01.011

Antimony-tin-doped indium oxide (IATO) as transparent conducting oxide (TCO) exhibits significant optical property on blocking UV and Infrared(IR) for wavelengths less ∼400 nm and over ∼1400 nm as well as appropriate transmissivity on visible wavelen... Read More about Adjust band gap of IATO nanoparticles to obtain desirable optical property by one-step hydrothermal oxidation.

Catalytic Chan–Lam coupling using a ‘tube-in-tube’ reactor to deliver molecular oxygen as an oxidant (2016)
Journal Article
Mallia, C., Burton, P., Smith, A., Walter, G., & Baxendale, I. (2016). Catalytic Chan–Lam coupling using a ‘tube-in-tube’ reactor to deliver molecular oxygen as an oxidant. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 12, 1598-1607. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.156

A flow system to perform Chan–Lam coupling reactions of various amines and arylboronic acids has been realised employing molecular oxygen as an oxidant for the re-oxidation of the copper catalyst enabling a catalytic process. A tube-in-tube gas react... Read More about Catalytic Chan–Lam coupling using a ‘tube-in-tube’ reactor to deliver molecular oxygen as an oxidant.

Flow carbonylation of sterically hindered ortho-substituted iodoarenes (2016)
Journal Article
Mallia, C., Walter, G., & Baxendale, I. (2016). Flow carbonylation of sterically hindered ortho-substituted iodoarenes. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 12, 1503-1511. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.147

The flow synthesis of ortho-substituted carboxylic acids, using carbon monoxide gas, has been studied for a number of substrates. The optimised conditions make use of a simple catalyst system compromising of triphenylphosphine as the ligand and palla... Read More about Flow carbonylation of sterically hindered ortho-substituted iodoarenes.

Exploring Flow Procedures for Diazonium Formation (2016)
Journal Article
Hu, T., Baxendale, I., & Baumann, M. (2016). Exploring Flow Procedures for Diazonium Formation. Molecules, 21(7), Article 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21070918

The synthesis of diazonium salts is historically an important transformation extensively utilized in dye manufacture. However the highly reactive nature of the diazonium functionality has additionally led to the development of many new reactions incl... Read More about Exploring Flow Procedures for Diazonium Formation.

The Generation of a Library of ­Bromodomain-Containing Protein Modulators Expedited by Continuous Flow Synthesis (2016)
Journal Article
Filipponi, P., & Baxendale, I. (2016). The Generation of a Library of ­Bromodomain-Containing Protein Modulators Expedited by Continuous Flow Synthesis. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2016(11), 2000-2012. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201600222

A continuous flow process delivering key building blocks for a series of BCP modulator libraries is reported. A dynamically mixed flow reactor emerged as a pivotal technology in both synthesis and isolation phases enabling the processing of slurries... Read More about The Generation of a Library of ­Bromodomain-Containing Protein Modulators Expedited by Continuous Flow Synthesis.

Development of the industrial synthesis of vitamin A (2016)
Journal Article
Parker, G., Smith, L., & Baxendale, I. (2016). Development of the industrial synthesis of vitamin A. Tetrahedron, 72(13), 1645-1652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.029

The advances made in chemistry during the last 70 years are excellently illustrated by the development of the industrial synthesis of vitamin A, a diterpene crucial in preventing premature death and visual problems. Arens and van Dorp published the f... Read More about Development of the industrial synthesis of vitamin A.

Online quantitative mass spectrometry for the rapid adaptive optimisation of automated flow reactors (2015)
Journal Article
Holmes, N., Akien, G. R., Savage, R. J., Stanetty, C., Baxendale, I. R., Blacker, A. J., …Bourne, R. A. (2016). Online quantitative mass spectrometry for the rapid adaptive optimisation of automated flow reactors. Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, 1(1), 96-100. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5re00083a

An automated continuous reactor for the synthesis of organic compounds, which uses online mass spectrometry (MS) for reaction monitoring and product quantification, is presented. Quantitative and rapid MS monitoring was developed and calibrated using... Read More about Online quantitative mass spectrometry for the rapid adaptive optimisation of automated flow reactors.

Continuous-Flow Synthesis of 2H-Azirines and Their Diastereoselective Transformation to Aziridines (2015)
Journal Article
Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2016). Continuous-Flow Synthesis of 2H-Azirines and Their Diastereoselective Transformation to Aziridines. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 27(01), 159-163. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1560391

Using continuous-flow techniques, a small collection of 2H-azirines was prepared from oxime precursors via mesylation and base-promoted cyclisation. The 2H-azirines were either isolated after in-line purification or derivatised into a selection of 2-... Read More about Continuous-Flow Synthesis of 2H-Azirines and Their Diastereoselective Transformation to Aziridines.

Synthesis of 1,3,6-Trisubstituted Azulenes (2015)
Journal Article
Leino, T. O., Baumann, M., Yli-Kauhaluoma, J., Baxendale, I. R., & Wallén, E. A. A. (2015). Synthesis of 1,3,6-Trisubstituted Azulenes. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 80(22), https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5b02271

We have developed a short, general synthetic route to 1,3,6-trisubstituted azulenes. The key intermediate, 6-methylazulene, was synthesized from readily available and inexpensive starting materials in 63% yield over two steps. The methyl group of 6-m... Read More about Synthesis of 1,3,6-Trisubstituted Azulenes.

Controlled Flow Precipitation as a Valuable Tool for Synthesis (2015)
Journal Article
Filipponi, P., Gioiello, A., & Baxendale, I. R. (2016). Controlled Flow Precipitation as a Valuable Tool for Synthesis. Organic Process Research and Development, 20(2), 371-375. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00331

In most standard flow process, the formation of solids represents a major problem often leading to obstruction of the flow device and reactor shutdown. However, many reactions produce solid products, and therefore finding ways to process these materi... Read More about Controlled Flow Precipitation as a Valuable Tool for Synthesis.

Batch and Flow Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinolines via an Allene-Based Reaction Cascade (2015)
Journal Article
Baumann, B., & Baxendale, I. (2015). Batch and Flow Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinolines via an Allene-Based Reaction Cascade. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 80(21), 10806-10816. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5b01982

An efficient reaction cascade delivering a series of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines bearing phosphonate or phosphine oxide moieties is presented. This sequence exploits the in situ transformation of propargylic alcohols into transient allenes by means of a... Read More about Batch and Flow Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinolines via an Allene-Based Reaction Cascade.

Total syntheses of natural products containing spirocarbocycles (2015)
Journal Article
Smith, L., & Baxendale, I. (2015). Total syntheses of natural products containing spirocarbocycles. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 13(39), 9907-9933. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ob01524c

The structures of natural products from a variety of sources contain spirocycles, two rings that share a common atom. The spiro motif is finding increasing inclusion in drug candidates, and as a structural component in several promising classes of ch... Read More about Total syntheses of natural products containing spirocarbocycles.

A Short Multi-step Flow Synthesis of a Potential Spirocyclic Fragrance Component (2015)
Journal Article
Baxendale, I. (2015). A Short Multi-step Flow Synthesis of a Potential Spirocyclic Fragrance Component. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 38(10), 1713-1716. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201500255

The search for novel chemical architectures displaying improved biological properties is a never-ending synthetic challenge. In this context many new test structures are often conceived by selecting and replicating specific design elements from natur... Read More about A Short Multi-step Flow Synthesis of a Potential Spirocyclic Fragrance Component.

The Use of Gases in Flow Synthesis (2015)
Journal Article
Mallia, C., & Baxendale, I. (2016). The Use of Gases in Flow Synthesis. Organic Process Research and Development, 20(2), 327-360. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00222

This review will highlight the potential benefits that can be leveraged by using flow chemistry to allow a safer and more efficient way of using gases in research. An overview of the different approaches used to introduce gases into flow reactors is... Read More about The Use of Gases in Flow Synthesis.

The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry (2015)
Journal Article
Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. (2015). The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2015(11), 1194-1219. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.134

The implementation of continuous flow processing as a key enabling technology has transformed the way we conduct chemistry and has expanded our synthetic capabilities. As a result many new preparative routes have been designed towards commercially re... Read More about The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry.

Thiazole formation through a modified Gewald reaction (2015)
Journal Article
Mallia, C., Englert, L., Walter, G., & Baxendale, I. (2015). Thiazole formation through a modified Gewald reaction. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 11, 875-883. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.98

The synthesis of thiazoles and thiophenes starting from nitriles, via a modified Gewald reaction has been studied for a number of different substrates. 1,4-Dithiane-2,5-diol was used as the aldehyde precursor to give either 2-substituted thiazoles or... Read More about Thiazole formation through a modified Gewald reaction.

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-2-(thiazol-2-yl)acetate (2015)
Journal Article
Mallia, C., Englert, L., Walter, G., & Baxendale, I. (2015). Ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-2-(thiazol-2-yl)acetate. Molbank, 2015(2), https://doi.org/10.3390/m857

This short note describes the synthesis of the title compound through spontaneous aerobic oxidation of ethyl 2-phenyl-2-(thiazol-2-yl)acetate. Due to the prevalence of such functional motifs in biologically active substances, we believe the oxidation... Read More about Ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-2-(thiazol-2-yl)acetate.

Large-Scale Synthesis of Crystalline 1,2,3,4,6,7-Hexa-O-acetyl-L-glycero-α-D-manno-heptopyranose (2015)
Journal Article
Stanetty, C., & Baxendale, I. (2015). Large-Scale Synthesis of Crystalline 1,2,3,4,6,7-Hexa-O-acetyl-L-glycero-α-D-manno-heptopyranose. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2015(12), 2718-2726. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201500024

The higher-carbon sugar l-glycero-d-manno-heptose is a major constituent of the inner core region of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of many Gram-negative bacteria. All preparative routes used to date require multiple steps, and scalability has been rar... Read More about Large-Scale Synthesis of Crystalline 1,2,3,4,6,7-Hexa-O-acetyl-L-glycero-α-D-manno-heptopyranose.

Syn-Ethyl 1-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolone-3-carboxylate HCl Salt (2015)
Journal Article
Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. (2015). Syn-Ethyl 1-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolone-3-carboxylate HCl Salt. Molbank, 2015(1), https://doi.org/10.3390/m846

This short note describes a one-step synthesis of the title compound from commercially available starting materials and reports its full spectroscopic characterization data.

A monolith immobilised iridium Cp* catalyst for hydrogen transfer reactions under flow conditions. (2015)
Journal Article
Rojo, M., Guetzoyan, L., & Baxendale, I. (2015). A monolith immobilised iridium Cp* catalyst for hydrogen transfer reactions under flow conditions. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 13(6), 1768-1777. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ob02376e

An immobilised iridium hydrogen transfer catalyst has been developed for use in flow based processing by incorporation of a ligand into a porous polymeric monolithic flow reactor. The monolithic construct has been used for several redox reductions de... Read More about A monolith immobilised iridium Cp* catalyst for hydrogen transfer reactions under flow conditions..

Flow Synthesis of Ethyl Isocyanoacetate Enabling the Telescoped Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazoles and Pyrrolo-[1,2-c]pyrimidines (2015)
Journal Article
Baumann, M., Rodriguez Garcia, A., & Baxendale, I. (2015). Flow Synthesis of Ethyl Isocyanoacetate Enabling the Telescoped Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazoles and Pyrrolo-[1,2-c]pyrimidines. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 14(13), 4231-4239. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ob00245a

The efficient flow synthesis of important heterocyclic building blocks based on the 1,2,4-triazole and pyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine scaffold has been achieved. Crucially, a telescoped continuous flow process was developed based on the reaction of N-formy... Read More about Flow Synthesis of Ethyl Isocyanoacetate Enabling the Telescoped Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazoles and Pyrrolo-[1,2-c]pyrimidines.

Synthesis of Riboflavines, Quinoxalinones and Benzodiazepines through Chemoselective Flow Based Hydrogenations (2014)
Journal Article
Baumann, M., Baxendale, I., Hornung, C., Ley, S., Rojo, M., & Roper, K. (2014). Synthesis of Riboflavines, Quinoxalinones and Benzodiazepines through Chemoselective Flow Based Hydrogenations. Molecules, 19(7), 9736-9759. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19079736

Robust chemical routes towards valuable bioactive entities such as riboflavines, quinoxalinones and benzodiazepines are described. These make use of modern flow hydrogenation protocols enabling the chemoselective reduction of nitro group containing b... Read More about Synthesis of Riboflavines, Quinoxalinones and Benzodiazepines through Chemoselective Flow Based Hydrogenations.

An overview of the synthetic routes to the best selling drugs containing 6-membered heterocycles (2013)
Journal Article
Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2013). An overview of the synthetic routes to the best selling drugs containing 6-membered heterocycles. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 9, 2265-2319. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.265

This review which is the second in this series summarises the most common synthetic routes as applied to the preparation of many modern pharmaceutical compounds categorised as containing a six-membered heterocyclic ring. The reported examples are bas... Read More about An overview of the synthetic routes to the best selling drugs containing 6-membered heterocycles.

The rapid generation of isothiocyanates in flow (2013)
Journal Article
Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2013). The rapid generation of isothiocyanates in flow. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 9, 1613-1619. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.184

Isothiocyanates are versatile starting materials for a wide range of chemical reactions. However, their high nucleophilic susceptibility means they are best prepared and used immediately. We report here on a flow platform for the fast and efficient f... Read More about The rapid generation of isothiocyanates in flow.

Studies of a Diastereoselective Electrophilic Fluorination Reaction Employing a Cryo-Flow Reactor (2013)
Journal Article
Nakayama, K., Browne, D. L., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2013). Studies of a Diastereoselective Electrophilic Fluorination Reaction Employing a Cryo-Flow Reactor. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 24(10), 1298-1302. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1338455

The application of meso-scale flow chemistry in research laboratories continues to increase. Here, we report on the use of a modular cryo-flow device as applied to a diastereoselective fluorination process. The reactor can be incorporated into existi... Read More about Studies of a Diastereoselective Electrophilic Fluorination Reaction Employing a Cryo-Flow Reactor.

The synthesis of neurotensin antagonist SR 48692 for prostate cancer research (2013)
Journal Article
Baxendale, I., Cheung, S., Kitching, M., Ley, S., & Shearman, J. (2013). The synthesis of neurotensin antagonist SR 48692 for prostate cancer research. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 21(14), 4378-4387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.075

An improved synthesis of the molecule SR 48692 is presented and its use as a neurotensin antagonist biological probe for use in cancer research is described. The preparation includes an number of enhanced chemical conversions and strategies to overco... Read More about The synthesis of neurotensin antagonist SR 48692 for prostate cancer research.

A Machine-Assisted Flow Synthesis of SR48692: A Probe for the Investigation of Neurotensin Receptor-1 (2013)
Journal Article
Battilocchio, C., Deadman, B. J., Nikbin, N., Kitching, M. O., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2013). A Machine-Assisted Flow Synthesis of SR48692: A Probe for the Investigation of Neurotensin Receptor-1. Chemistry - A European Journal, 19(24), 7917-7930. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201300696

Here we report the direct comparison of a conventional batch mode synthesis of Meclinertant (SR48692, 1), a neurotensin receptor-1 antagonist, with its machine-assisted flow chemistry alternative. By using these enabling tools, combined with solid-su... Read More about A Machine-Assisted Flow Synthesis of SR48692: A Probe for the Investigation of Neurotensin Receptor-1.

Synthesis of (-)-Hennoxazole A: Integrating Batch and Flow Chemistry Methods (2013)
Journal Article
Fernandez, A., Levine, Z. G., Baumann, M., Sulzer-Mosse, S., Sparr, C., Schlaeger, S., …Ley, S. V. (2013). Synthesis of (-)-Hennoxazole A: Integrating Batch and Flow Chemistry Methods. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 24(4), 514-518. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1318109

A new total synthesis of (–)-hennoxazole A is reported. The synthetic approach is based on the preparation of three similarly sized fragments resulting in a fast and convergent assembly of the natural product. The three key reactions of the synthesis... Read More about Synthesis of (-)-Hennoxazole A: Integrating Batch and Flow Chemistry Methods.

The Lab of the Future - The importance of remote monitoring and control (2012)
Journal Article
Hopkin, M. D., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2012). The Lab of the Future - The importance of remote monitoring and control. Chimica oggi, 30(2), 24-26

Chemical laboratories and the equipment within them have changed very little over the last two centuries. However, the introduction of enabling technologies and their impact on current working practices is starting to redefine the laboratory environm... Read More about The Lab of the Future - The importance of remote monitoring and control.

The Evolution of Immobilized Reagents and their Application in Flow Chemistry for the Synthesis of Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Compounds. (2012)
Book Chapter
Myers, R., Roper, K., Baxendale, I., & Ley, S. (2012). The Evolution of Immobilized Reagents and their Application in Flow Chemistry for the Synthesis of Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Compounds. In J. Cossy, & S. Arseniyadis (Eds.), Modern tools for the synthesis of complex bioactive molecules (359-393). John Wiley and Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118342886.ch11

A Flow-Based Synthesis of 2-Aminoadamantane-2-carboxylic Acid (2012)
Journal Article
Battilocchio, C., Baxendale, I. R., Biava, M., Kitching, M. O., & Ley, S. V. (2012). A Flow-Based Synthesis of 2-Aminoadamantane-2-carboxylic Acid. Organic Process Research and Development, 16(5), 798-810. https://doi.org/10.1021/op300084z

The development of a new, high-yielding, scalable and safe process for the preparation of 2-aminoadamantane-2-carboxylic acid (1) is described. This geminal, functionalized achiral amino acid has been reported to possess interesting biological activi... Read More about A Flow-Based Synthesis of 2-Aminoadamantane-2-carboxylic Acid.

Scale-Up of Flow-Assisted Synthesis of C-2-Symmetric Chiral PyBox Ligands (2012)
Journal Article
Battilocchio, C., Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., Biava, M., Kitching, M. O., Ley, S. V., …Tappin, N. D. (2012). Scale-Up of Flow-Assisted Synthesis of C-2-Symmetric Chiral PyBox Ligands. Synthesis: Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 44(4), 635-647. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1289676

A series of PyBox ligands were prepared from commercially available chelidonic acid by a multistep flow sequence using mesoreactor technology. A chloro group introduced onto the ligand scaffold was subsequently exploited to give amine derivatives rea... Read More about Scale-Up of Flow-Assisted Synthesis of C-2-Symmetric Chiral PyBox Ligands.

The Lab of the Future The importance of remote monitoring and control (2011)
Journal Article
Hopkin, M. D., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2011). The Lab of the Future The importance of remote monitoring and control. Chimica oggi, 29(1),

Chemical laboratories and the equipment withinthem have changed very little over the last two centuries.However, the introduction of enabling technologies and theirimpact on current working practices is starting to redefinethe laboratory environment.... Read More about The Lab of the Future The importance of remote monitoring and control.

The application of a monolithic triphenylphosphine reagent for conducting Appel reactions in flow microreactors (2011)
Journal Article
Roper, K. A., Lange, H., Polyzos, A., Berry, M. B., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2011). The application of a monolithic triphenylphosphine reagent for conducting Appel reactions in flow microreactors. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 7, 1648-1655. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.194

Herein we describe the application of a monolithic triphenylphosphine reagent to the Appel reaction in flow-chemistry processing, to generate various brominated products with high purity and in excellent yields, and with no requirement for further of... Read More about The application of a monolithic triphenylphosphine reagent for conducting Appel reactions in flow microreactors.

An overview of the key routes to the best selling 5-membered ring heterocyclic pharmaceuticals (2011)
Journal Article
Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., Ley, S. V., & Nikbin, N. (2011). An overview of the key routes to the best selling 5-membered ring heterocyclic pharmaceuticals. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 7, 442-495. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.57

This review presents a comprehensive overview on selected synthetic routes towards commercial drug compounds as published in both journal and patent literature. Owing to the vast number of potential structures, we have concentrated only on those drug... Read More about An overview of the key routes to the best selling 5-membered ring heterocyclic pharmaceuticals.

A Continuous Flow Process Using a Sequence of Microreactors with In-line IR Analysis for the Preparation of N,N-Diethyl-4-(3-fluorophenylpiperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)benzamide as a Potent and Highly Selective delta-Opioid Receptor Agonist (2010)
Journal Article
Qian, Z., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2010). A Continuous Flow Process Using a Sequence of Microreactors with In-line IR Analysis for the Preparation of N,N-Diethyl-4-(3-fluorophenylpiperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)benzamide as a Potent and Highly Selective delta-Opioid Receptor Agonist. Chemistry - A European Journal, 16(41), 12342-12348. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201002147

Enzymatic Oxidative Cyclisation Reactions Leading to Dibenzoazocanes (2010)
Journal Article
Tozzi, F., Ley, S. V., Kitching, M. O., & Baxendale, I. R. (2010). Enzymatic Oxidative Cyclisation Reactions Leading to Dibenzoazocanes. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 2010(13), 1919-1922. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1258486

From simple N-isovanillyltyramine derivatives double oxidative biotransformations can be achieved using tyrosinase leading to the corresponding hydroxylated dibenzoazocanes.

Continuous flow based catch and release protocol for the synthesis of alpha-ketoesters (2009)
Journal Article
Palmieri, A., Ley, S. V., Polyzos, A., Ladlow, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2009). Continuous flow based catch and release protocol for the synthesis of alpha-ketoesters. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 5, Article 23. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.5.23

Using a combination of commercially available mesofluidic flow equipment and tubes packed with immobilised reagents and scavengers, a new synthesis of α-ketoesters is reported.

The application of focused microwave irradiation coupled with freeze drying to investigate the reaction of MgO and Al(2)O(3) slurries in the formation of layered double hydroxides (2008)
Journal Article
Mitchell, S., Baxendale, I. R., & Jones, W. (2008). The application of focused microwave irradiation coupled with freeze drying to investigate the reaction of MgO and Al(2)O(3) slurries in the formation of layered double hydroxides. Green Chemistry, 10(6), 629-634. https://doi.org/10.1039/b801365a

Solid Supported Reagents in Multi-Step Flow Synthesis. (2007)
Book Chapter
Baxendale, I., & Ley, S. (2007). Solid Supported Reagents in Multi-Step Flow Synthesis. In P. Seeberger, & T. Blume (Eds.), New Avenues to Efficient Chemical Synthesis: Emerging Technologies (151-185). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/2789_2007_033

The frequently overlooked benefits that considerably simplify and enrich our standard of living are most often hinged upon chemical synthesis. From the development of drugs in the ongoing fight against disease to the more aesthetic aspects of society... Read More about Solid Supported Reagents in Multi-Step Flow Synthesis..

New opportunities for advanced organic synthesis-flow-based chemical processing. (2007)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., Hayward, J. J., Hopkin, M. D., Jin, J., Kitching, M. O., …Tamborini, L. (2007, November). New opportunities for advanced organic synthesis-flow-based chemical processing. Paper presented at 16th International Isotope Society (UK group) Symposium: Synthesis and applications of labelled compounds 2007, Cambridge

Evolution or Revolution: The Challenge to the Modern Medicinal Chemist. (2005)
Book Chapter
Ley, S., Baxendale, I., & Myers, R. (2005). Evolution or Revolution: The Challenge to the Modern Medicinal Chemist. In The Chemical Theatre of Biological Systems. Proceedings of the International Beilstein Workshop, may 24th - 28th, 2004, Bozen, Italy (1-33). Logos-Verlag

As the global emphasis towards more eco-efficient and sustainable practices unfolds before us, so does the new remit for chemistry. We are already applying the principles of this new paradigm to environmentally cleaner and more efficient chemical pro... Read More about Evolution or Revolution: The Challenge to the Modern Medicinal Chemist..

Hydroxide, polymer supported. (2003)
Other
Ley, S., Baxendale, I., & Lee, A. (2003). Hydroxide, polymer supported

(the reagent is used as a base, a source of nucleophilic hydroxide, or a scavenger in a wide array of reactions1) Alternate Name: quaternary ammonium hydroxide anion exchange resin, Amberlite IRA-400 (OH− form), Amberlite IRA 420 (OH− form), Amberlit... Read More about Hydroxide, polymer supported..

Total synthesis of the amaryllidaceae alkaloid (+)-plicamine and its unnatural enantiomer by using solid-supported reagents and scavengers in a multistep sequence of reactions (2002)
Journal Article
Baxendale, I., Ley, S., & Piutti, C. (2002). Total synthesis of the amaryllidaceae alkaloid (+)-plicamine and its unnatural enantiomer by using solid-supported reagents and scavengers in a multistep sequence of reactions. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 41(12), 2194-2197. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773%2820020617%2941%3A12%3C2194%3A%3Aaid-anie2194%3E3.0.co%3B2-4

Synthesis of new chiral 2,2 `-bipyridyl-type ligands, their coordination to molybdenum(0), copper(II), and palladium(II), and application in asymmetric allylic substitution, allylic oxidation, and cyclopropanation (2001)
Journal Article
Malkov, A., Baxendale, I., Bella, M., Langer, V., Fawcett, J., Russell, D., …Kocovsky, P. (2001). Synthesis of new chiral 2,2 `-bipyridyl-type ligands, their coordination to molybdenum(0), copper(II), and palladium(II), and application in asymmetric allylic substitution, allylic oxidation, and cyclopropanation. Organometallics, 20(4), 673-690. https://doi.org/10.1021/om000850n

A concise synthesis of the natural product carpanone using solid-supported reagents and scavengers. (2001)
Journal Article
Baxendale, I., Lee, A., & Ley, S. (2001). A concise synthesis of the natural product carpanone using solid-supported reagents and scavengers. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 2001(09), 1482-1484. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-16783

Polymer-supported reagents have been applied to the synthesis of the natural product carpanone resulting in a clean and efficient synthesis without the requirement for conventional purification techniques.

Oxidation Reactions in Segmented and Continuous Flow Chemical Processing Using an N-(tert-Butyl)phenylsulfinimidoyl Chloride Monolith
Journal Article
Lange, H., Capener, M. J., Jones, A. X., Smith, C. J., Nikbin, N., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (online). Oxidation Reactions in Segmented and Continuous Flow Chemical Processing Using an N-(tert-Butyl)phenylsulfinimidoyl Chloride Monolith. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 869-873. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1259923

Pd-EnCat (TM) TPP30 as a Catalyst for the Generation of Highly Functionalized Aryl- and Alkenyl-Substituted Acetylenes via Microwave-Assisted Sonogashira Type Reactions
Journal Article
Sedelmeier, J., Ley, S. V., Lange, H., & Baxendale, I. R. (online). Pd-EnCat (TM) TPP30 as a Catalyst for the Generation of Highly Functionalized Aryl- and Alkenyl-Substituted Acetylenes via Microwave-Assisted Sonogashira Type Reactions. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 4412-4420. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200900344