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The bounding effect of the water retention curve on the cyclic response of an unsaturated soil (2022)
Journal Article
Azizi, A., Kumar, A., & Toll, D. G. (2023). The bounding effect of the water retention curve on the cyclic response of an unsaturated soil. Acta Geotechnica, 18(4), 1901-1917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-022-01724-0

The water retention properties of soils present in formation layers of roads and railways continuously vary due to repeated traffic loads and periodic rainfall events. This is important because the accumulated deformation and resilient modulus of suc... Read More about The bounding effect of the water retention curve on the cyclic response of an unsaturated soil.

Replicating capacity and congestion in microscale agent-based simulations (2022)
Journal Article
Barnes, B., Dunn, S., & Wilkinson, S. (2022). Replicating capacity and congestion in microscale agent-based simulations. Travel Behaviour and Society, 29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2022.07.006

Disaster events cause detrimental impacts for communities across the globe, ranging from large numbers of fatalities and injuries, to the loss of homes and devastating financial impacts. Emergency professionals are facedwith the challenge of providin... Read More about Replicating capacity and congestion in microscale agent-based simulations.

An investigation of the combined effect of rainfall and road cut on landsliding (2022)
Journal Article
Pradhan, S., Toll, D., Rosser, N., & Brain, M. (2022). An investigation of the combined effect of rainfall and road cut on landsliding. Engineering Geology, 307, Article 106787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106787

The reduction of soil suction and consequent loss of shear strength due to infiltration is known to trigger shallow landslides during periods of concentrated rainfall. In the mountainous terrain of Nepal, the risk of shallow rainfall-induced landslid... Read More about An investigation of the combined effect of rainfall and road cut on landsliding.

Reusing Fe water treatment residual as a soil amendment to improve physical function and flood resilience (2022)
Journal Article
Kerr, H. C., Johnson, K. L., & Toll, D. G. (2022). Reusing Fe water treatment residual as a soil amendment to improve physical function and flood resilience. SOIL, 8(1), 283-295. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-283-2022

Soil degradation is a global challenge that is intrinsically linked to climate change and food security. Soil degradation has many causes, but all degraded soils suffer from poor soil structure. The increasing global production of water treatment res... Read More about Reusing Fe water treatment residual as a soil amendment to improve physical function and flood resilience.

The mechanical properties of a high plasticity expansive clay (2022)
Journal Article
Gaspar, T., Jacobsz, S., Heymann, G., Toll, D., Gens, A., & Osman, A. (2022). The mechanical properties of a high plasticity expansive clay. Engineering Geology, 303, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106647

The mechanical properties of a high plasticity expansive clay from South Africa are reported. The experimental programme considered wetting after loading tests followed by one-dimensional consolidation and unloading of undisturbed and statically comp... Read More about The mechanical properties of a high plasticity expansive clay.

The Influence of Cyclic Loading Frequency on the Response of an Unsaturated Railway Formation Soil (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Kumar, A., Azizi, A., & Toll, D. (2022). The Influence of Cyclic Loading Frequency on the Response of an Unsaturated Railway Formation Soil. In A. Lemnitzer, & A. W. Stuedlein (Eds.), Geo-Confress 2022: Geoenvironmental Engineering; Unsaturated Soils; and Contemporary Topics in Erosion, Sustainability, and Coal Combustion Residuals (274-283). https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784484050.029

This paper presents the results of cyclic triaxial tests conducted on unsaturated soil samples recovered from the railway embankment of a South African coal line to investigate the influence of cyclic loading frequency on a formation layer material,... Read More about The Influence of Cyclic Loading Frequency on the Response of an Unsaturated Railway Formation Soil.

Application of suction monitoring for cyclic triaxial testing of compacted soils (2022)
Journal Article
Kumar, A., Azizi, A., & Toll, D. (2022). Application of suction monitoring for cyclic triaxial testing of compacted soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 148(4), https://doi.org/10.1061/%28asce%29gt.1943-5606.0002766

The performance of compacted soils that are used for the construction of railway embankments are impacted by weather-driven suction and water content fluctuations. Hence, the accurate measurement of the water retention properties of soil during cycli... Read More about Application of suction monitoring for cyclic triaxial testing of compacted soils.

Coupling cyclic and water retention response of a clayey sand subjected to traffic and environmental cycles (2021)
Journal Article
Azizi, A., Kumar, A., & Toll, D. G. (2023). Coupling cyclic and water retention response of a clayey sand subjected to traffic and environmental cycles. Géotechnique, 73(5), 401-417. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.21.00063

Compacted soils used as formation layers of railways and roads continuously undergo water content and suction changes due to seasonal variations. Such variations, together with the impact of cyclic traffic-induced loads, can alter the hydro-mechanica... Read More about Coupling cyclic and water retention response of a clayey sand subjected to traffic and environmental cycles.

Assessing the accuracy and efficiency of different order implicit and explicit integration schemes (2021)
Journal Article
Lloret-Cabot, M., & Sheng, D. (2022). Assessing the accuracy and efficiency of different order implicit and explicit integration schemes. Computers and Geotechnics, 141, Article 104531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104531

A first order accurate fully implicit integration scheme and four different order explicit substepping integration schemes with automatic error control are used in this paper to integrate the constitutive relations of a critical state model for satur... Read More about Assessing the accuracy and efficiency of different order implicit and explicit integration schemes.

Numerical integration of an elasto-plastic critical state model for soils under unsaturated conditions (2021)
Journal Article
Lloret-Cabot, M., Wheeler, S. J., Gens, A., & Sloan, S. W. (2021). Numerical integration of an elasto-plastic critical state model for soils under unsaturated conditions. Computers and Geotechnics, 137, Article 104299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104299

This paper presents the complete set of incremental equations for the numerical integration of the Glasgow Coupled Model (GCM) and a comprehensive algorithm for its numerical integration. The incremental formulation proposed is expressed in terms of... Read More about Numerical integration of an elasto-plastic critical state model for soils under unsaturated conditions.

Predictive and prescriptive analytics in transportation geotechnics: Three case studies (2021)
Journal Article
Tinoco, J., Parente, M., Gomes Correia, A., Cortez, P., & Toll, D. (2021). Predictive and prescriptive analytics in transportation geotechnics: Three case studies. Transportation Engineering, 5, Article 100074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.treng.2021.100074

Transportation infrastructure is of paramount importance for any country. The construction, management and maintenance of this infrastructure is a complex task that requires a significant amount of resources (e.g., human work equipment, materials, ma... Read More about Predictive and prescriptive analytics in transportation geotechnics: Three case studies.

Transmission loss estimation for ephemeral sand rivers in Southern Africa (2021)
Journal Article
Mathias, S. A., Reaney, S. M., & Kenabatho, P. K. (2021). Transmission loss estimation for ephemeral sand rivers in Southern Africa. Journal of Hydrology, 600, Article 126487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126487

Ephemeral sand rivers represent an important water resource in Southern Africa. These rivers only flow for a few days in a year. However, much of this water infiltrates the underlying river bed sediments where it is protected from evaporation and uti... Read More about Transmission loss estimation for ephemeral sand rivers in Southern Africa.

Improving human behaviour in macroscale city evacuation agent-based simulation (2021)
Journal Article
Barnes, B., Dunn, S., Pearson, C., & Wilkinson, S. (2021). Improving human behaviour in macroscale city evacuation agent-based simulation. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 60, Article 102289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102289

Disasters affect millions of people annually, causing large social impacts, including high numbers of fatalities, the displacement of communities, and detrimental economic impacts. Emergency professionals recurrently tackle these impacts and therefor... Read More about Improving human behaviour in macroscale city evacuation agent-based simulation.

Advanced analysis of satellite data reveals ground deformation precursors to the Brumadinho Tailings Dam collapse (2021)
Journal Article
Grebby, S., Sowter, A., Gluyas, J., Toll, D., Gee, D., Athab, A., & Girindran, R. (2021). Advanced analysis of satellite data reveals ground deformation precursors to the Brumadinho Tailings Dam collapse. Communications Earth & Environment, 2, Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00079-2

Catastrophic failure of a tailings dam at an iron ore mine complex in Brumadinho, Brazil, on 25th January 2019 released 11.7 million m3 of tailings downstream. Although reportedly monitored using an array of geotechnical techniques, the collapse occu... Read More about Advanced analysis of satellite data reveals ground deformation precursors to the Brumadinho Tailings Dam collapse.

Weather-driven deterioration processes affecting the performance of embankment slopes (2020)
Journal Article
Stirling, R., Toll, D., Glendinning, S., Helm, P., Yildiz, A., Hughes, P., & Asquith, J. (2021). Weather-driven deterioration processes affecting the performance of embankment slopes. Géotechnique, 71(11), 957-969. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.19.sip.038

Deterioration of earthworks and the resultant implications for serviceability and increased occurrence of failures have a significant negative impact on transport networks both in the UK and internationally. There is evidence in the field that deteri... Read More about Weather-driven deterioration processes affecting the performance of embankment slopes.

Field monitoring of soil-moisture to understand the hydrological response of a road-cut slope (2020)
Book Chapter
Pradhan, S., Toll, D., Rosser, N., & Brain, M. (2020). Field monitoring of soil-moisture to understand the hydrological response of a road-cut slope. In R. Cardoso, C. Jommi, & E. Romero (Eds.), 4th European Conference on Unsaturated Soils (E-UNSAT 2020). EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019501029

Rainfall and slope-cutting for road construction are two key landslide causative factors in Nepal, but how they interact to cause failures is poorly understood. To improve understanding of the effects of cut slopes during rainfall, geotechnical inves... Read More about Field monitoring of soil-moisture to understand the hydrological response of a road-cut slope.

A hysteretic hydraulic constitutive model for unsaturated soils and application to capillary barrier systems (2020)
Journal Article
Scarfone, R., Wheeler, S. J., & Lloret-Cabot, M. (2022). A hysteretic hydraulic constitutive model for unsaturated soils and application to capillary barrier systems. Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment, 30, Article 100224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gete.2020.100224

Unsaturated soils exhibit water retention hysteresis, with different water retention behaviour during drying and wetting paths. Water retention hysteresis has often been modelled using expressions for the main drying and main wetting water retention... Read More about A hysteretic hydraulic constitutive model for unsaturated soils and application to capillary barrier systems.

Cosmogenic exposure dating reveals limited long-term variability in erosion of a rocky coastline (2020)
Journal Article
Swirad, Z., Rosser, N., Brain, M., Rood, D., Hurst, M., Wilcken, K., & Barlow, J. (2020). Cosmogenic exposure dating reveals limited long-term variability in erosion of a rocky coastline. Nature Communications, 11, Article 3804. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17611-9

Predicted sea-level rise and increased storminess are anticipated to lead to increases in coastal erosion. However, assessing if and how rocky coasts will respond to changes in marine conditions is difficult due to current limitations of monitoring a... Read More about Cosmogenic exposure dating reveals limited long-term variability in erosion of a rocky coastline.