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The effect of annealing conditions: temperature, time, ramping rate and atmosphere on nanocrystal Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cell properties (2019)
Journal Article
Altowairqi, Y., Alsubaie, A., Stroh, K., Perez-Marin, I., Bowen, L., Szablewski, M., & Halliday, D. (2019). The effect of annealing conditions: temperature, time, ramping rate and atmosphere on nanocrystal Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cell properties. Materials Today: Proceedings, 18(2), 473-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.234

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticles were fabricated successfully using the hot injection method; CZTS films were deposited by spin coating of nanocrystal ink. The aim of this work is to study the effect of annealing parameters: temperature, time, ramping... Read More about The effect of annealing conditions: temperature, time, ramping rate and atmosphere on nanocrystal Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cell properties.

Modelling an optimised thin film solar cell (2019)
Journal Article
Becque, J., & Halliday, D. (2019). Modelling an optimised thin film solar cell. European Journal of Physics, 40(2), Article 025501. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/aaf954

A phenomenological model has been developed to simulate the efficiency of thin film solar cells. The model uses key equations for p-n heterojunctions and includes radiative recombination, Auger recombination, Shockley-Read-Hall recombination and surf... Read More about Modelling an optimised thin film solar cell.

Candidate and supervisor experiences of doctoral study in a structured, interdisciplinary training environment (2019)
Journal Article
Kiley, M., & Halliday, D. P. (2019). Candidate and supervisor experiences of doctoral study in a structured, interdisciplinary training environment. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 56(5), 663-674. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2019.1570306

This study aimed to understand doctoral candidates’ and supervisors’ positive and negative experiences of undertaking a doctorate in a structured interdisciplinary research training environment. Interviews were held with 16 candidates and eight super... Read More about Candidate and supervisor experiences of doctoral study in a structured, interdisciplinary training environment.

Self-field Effects on JC(B,T) Measurements of Nb-Ti Strands in High Magnetic Fields (2018)
Journal Article
Ridgeon, F., Raine, M., Lakrimi, M., Thomas, A., Boutboul, T., & Hampshire, D. (2018). Self-field Effects on JC(B,T) Measurements of Nb-Ti Strands in High Magnetic Fields. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 28(4), Article 9001805. https://doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2018.2808370

We have investigated the applied magnetic field, temperature, and self-field dependence of the critical current density of a Nb-Ti strand produced for the ITER Poloidal Field conductor. Measurements were made on a standard ITER barrel in magnetic fie... Read More about Self-field Effects on JC(B,T) Measurements of Nb-Ti Strands in High Magnetic Fields.

Polymorphism in Cu2ZnSnS4 and new off-stoichiometric crystal structure types (2017)
Journal Article
Bosson, C. J., Birch, M. T., Halliday, D. P., Tang, C. C., Kleppe, A. K., & Hatton, P. D. (2017). Polymorphism in Cu2ZnSnS4 and new off-stoichiometric crystal structure types. Chemistry of Materials, 29(22), 9829-9839. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b04010

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a very promising material for the absorber layer in sustainable thin-film solar cells. Its photovoltaic performance is currently limited by crystal structure disorder, which causes fluctuations in electrostatic potential that decr... Read More about Polymorphism in Cu2ZnSnS4 and new off-stoichiometric crystal structure types.

Cation disorder and phase transitions in the structurally complex solar cell material Cu2ZnSnS4 (2017)
Journal Article
Bosson, C., Birch, M., Halliday, D., Knight, K., Gibbs, A., & Hatton, P. (2017). Cation disorder and phase transitions in the structurally complex solar cell material Cu2ZnSnS4. Journal of Materials Chemistry A: materials for energy and sustainability, 5(32), 16672-16680. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta03603e

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a technologically important and complex quaternary semiconductor and a highly promising material for the absorber layer in sustainable thin film solar cells. Its photovoltaic performance is currently limited by low open-circuit vo... Read More about Cation disorder and phase transitions in the structurally complex solar cell material Cu2ZnSnS4.

Structural and optical properties of oxygen doped single crystal ZnTe grown by multi-tube physical vapour transport (2017)
Journal Article
Mullins, J., Dierre, F., Halliday, D., Tanner, B., Radley, I., Kang, Z., & Summers, C. (2017). Structural and optical properties of oxygen doped single crystal ZnTe grown by multi-tube physical vapour transport. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 28(16), 11950-11960. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7004-5

Bulk single crystals of zinc telluride up to 10 mm thick have been grown by the Multi-Tube Physical Vapour Transport technique and doped, in-situ during growth, with oxygen. Following hetero-epitaxial nucleation and buffer growth on 100 mm diameter G... Read More about Structural and optical properties of oxygen doped single crystal ZnTe grown by multi-tube physical vapour transport.

Superconducting Properties of Titanium alloys (Ti-64 and Ti-6242) for critical current barrels (2016)
Journal Article
Ridgeon, F., Raine, M., Halliday, D., Lakrimi, M., Thomas, A., & Hampshire, D. (2017). Superconducting Properties of Titanium alloys (Ti-64 and Ti-6242) for critical current barrels. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 27(4), Article 4201205. https://doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2016.2645378

We have measured the superconducting properties of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) as-supplied and following two of the heat treatment schedules used for the Nb3Sn strands in the ITER tokamak. The Ti-64 alloy is the standard choice in the superc... Read More about Superconducting Properties of Titanium alloys (Ti-64 and Ti-6242) for critical current barrels.

Crystal structure and cation disorder in bulk Cu2ZnSnS4 using neutron diffraction and X-ray anomalous scattering (2016)
Conference Proceeding
Bosson, C., Birch, M., Halliday, D., Knight, K., Tang, C., Kleppe, A., & Hatton, P. (2016). Crystal structure and cation disorder in bulk Cu2ZnSnS4 using neutron diffraction and X-ray anomalous scattering. In 2016 IEEE 43rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) : Portland, OR, 5-10 June 2016 ; proceedings (0405-0410). https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2016.7749621

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a promising material for the absorber layer in sustainable thin film photovoltaic cells, but its best efficiencies are currently limited by low open-circuit voltages, thought to be due to defects such as disorder between the coppe... Read More about Crystal structure and cation disorder in bulk Cu2ZnSnS4 using neutron diffraction and X-ray anomalous scattering.

Plasmon-loss imaging of polymer-methanofullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells (2013)
Journal Article
Mendis, B. G., Bishop, S. J., Groves, C., Szablewski, M., Berlie, A., & Halliday, D. P. (2013). Plasmon-loss imaging of polymer-methanofullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells. Applied Physics Letters, 102(25), Article 253301. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812485

The plasmon feature in an electron energy loss spectrum provides unique insight into poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) solar cells. Analysis of the intensity, shape, and energy of the plasmon reveals informatio... Read More about Plasmon-loss imaging of polymer-methanofullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells.

Luminescence of Cu2ZnSnS4 polycrystals described by the fluctuating potential model (2013)
Journal Article
Halliday, D., Claridge, R., Goodman, M., Mendis, B., Durose, K., & Major, J. (2013). Luminescence of Cu2ZnSnS4 polycrystals described by the fluctuating potential model. Journal of Applied Physics, 113(22), Article 223503. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4810846

The growth of Cu 2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) polycrystals from solid state reaction over a range of compositions, including the regions which produce the highest efficiency photovoltaic devices, is reported. X-ray measurements confirm the growth of crystalline CZ... Read More about Luminescence of Cu2ZnSnS4 polycrystals described by the fluctuating potential model.

Microstructure and point defects in CdTe nanowires for photovoltaic applications (2013)
Journal Article
Williams, B., Halliday, D., Mendis, B., & Durose, K. (2013). Microstructure and point defects in CdTe nanowires for photovoltaic applications. Nanotechnology, 24(13), Article 135703. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/24/13/135703

Defects in Au-catalysed CdTe nanowires vapour–liquid–solid-grown on polycrystalline underlayers have been critically evaluated. Their low-temperature photoluminescence spectra were dominated by excitonic emission with rarely observed above-gap emissi... Read More about Microstructure and point defects in CdTe nanowires for photovoltaic applications.

Direct observation of Cu,Zn cation disorder in Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell absorber material using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (2012)
Journal Article
Mendis, B., Shannon, M., Goodman, M., Major, J., Claridge, R., Halliday, D., & Durose, K. (2014). Direct observation of Cu,Zn cation disorder in Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell absorber material using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Progress in Photovoltaics, 22(1), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2279

Chemical analysis of individual atom columns was carried out to determine the crystal structure and local point defect chemistry of Cu2ZnSnS4. Direct evidence for a nanoscale composition inhomogeneity, in the form of Zn enrichment and Cu depletion, w... Read More about Direct observation of Cu,Zn cation disorder in Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell absorber material using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy.