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Lian Hutchings' Outputs (75)

Temperature Gradient Interaction Chromatography: A Perspective (2021)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L. R., & Pagliarulo, A. (2021). Temperature Gradient Interaction Chromatography: A Perspective. Chromatographia, 84(9), 813-818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-021-04068-1

The application of temperature gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC) as an advanced technique for the characterisation of polymers is discussed, in comparison to other liquid chromatography techniques and in particular the ubiquitous size exclus... Read More about Temperature Gradient Interaction Chromatography: A Perspective.

The self-assembly and thermoresponsivity of poly(isoprene-b-methyl methacrylate) copolymers in non-polar solvents (2021)
Journal Article
Day, D. M., & Hutchings, L. R. (2021). The self-assembly and thermoresponsivity of poly(isoprene-b-methyl methacrylate) copolymers in non-polar solvents. European Polymer Journal, 156, Article 110631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110631

The self-assembly of a series of polyisoprene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PI-b-PMMA) block copolymers, in aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents is reported for the first time. The block copolymers were prepared by a change of mechanism polymerisation (... Read More about The self-assembly and thermoresponsivity of poly(isoprene-b-methyl methacrylate) copolymers in non-polar solvents.

Synthesis and characterisation of a mussel-inspired hydrogel film coating for biosensors (2021)
Journal Article
Millican, J. M., Bittrich, E., Caspari, A., Pöschel, K., Drechsler, A., Freudenberg, U., …Hutchings, L. R. (2021). Synthesis and characterisation of a mussel-inspired hydrogel film coating for biosensors. European Polymer Journal, 153, Article 110503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110503

Mussel-inspired, catechol-containing monomers are being increasingly utilised to design versatile, adhesive, functional copolymers. This work reports the synthesis and detailed characterisation of a novel terpolymer comprising dopamine methacrylamide... Read More about Synthesis and characterisation of a mussel-inspired hydrogel film coating for biosensors.

Understanding copolymerisation kinetics for the design of functional copolymers via free radical polymerisation (2019)
Journal Article
Boulding, N. A., Millican, J. M., & Hutchings, L. R. (2019). Understanding copolymerisation kinetics for the design of functional copolymers via free radical polymerisation. Polymer Chemistry, 10(41), 5665-5675. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9py01294j

Determining the monomer sequence distribution of copolymers is important when correlating copolymer molecular structure (random, gradient etc.) to macroscopic/material properties. We report here the relative monomer reactivities for the copolymerisat... Read More about Understanding copolymerisation kinetics for the design of functional copolymers via free radical polymerisation.

Synthesis and Coupling of ABx Polysiloxane Macromonomers to Form Highly Branched Polysiloxanes (2019)
Journal Article
Yolsal, U., & Hutchings, L. R. (2019). Synthesis and Coupling of ABx Polysiloxane Macromonomers to Form Highly Branched Polysiloxanes. European Polymer Journal, 113, 254-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.066

This work focuses on the synthesis of polysiloxane ABx macromonomers with functional groups (A [Si-H] and B [vinyl]) incorporated on to the polymer backbone, and the coupling of these functionalities to form randomly, but highly, branched polymers. T... Read More about Synthesis and Coupling of ABx Polysiloxane Macromonomers to Form Highly Branched Polysiloxanes.

Towards bio-based tapered block copolymers: the behaviour of myrcene in the statistical anionic copolymerisation (2019)
Journal Article
Grune, E., Bareuther, J., Blankenburg, J., Appold, M., Shaw, L., Mueller, A. H., Floudas, G., Hutchings, L. R., Gallei, M., & Frey, H. (2019). Towards bio-based tapered block copolymers: the behaviour of myrcene in the statistical anionic copolymerisation. Polymer Chemistry, 2019(10), 1213-1220. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8py01711e

To explore the potential of myrcene (Myr) as a bio-based monoterpene comonomer for styrenic copolymers and to establish its general applicability for the carbanionic copolymerisation, several statistical copolymerisations of myrcene and common monome... Read More about Towards bio-based tapered block copolymers: the behaviour of myrcene in the statistical anionic copolymerisation.

End-Functionalized Chains via Anionic Polymerization: Can the Problems with Using Diphenylethylene Derivatives be Solved by using Bisphenol F? (2017)
Journal Article
Pagliarulo, A., & Hutchings, L. R. (2018). End-Functionalized Chains via Anionic Polymerization: Can the Problems with Using Diphenylethylene Derivatives be Solved by using Bisphenol F?. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 219(1), Article 1700386. https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201700386

The controlled functionalization of polymers via anionic polymerization draws great attention not only because of the importance of introducing functionality into otherwise unfunctionalized polymers, but also because of the possibility to use the res... Read More about End-Functionalized Chains via Anionic Polymerization: Can the Problems with Using Diphenylethylene Derivatives be Solved by using Bisphenol F?.

The Roles of Blending and of Molecular Weight Distribution on Craze Initiation (2017)
Journal Article
Sánchez-Valencia, A., Smerdova, O., Hutchings, L. R., & De Focatiis, D. S. (2017). The Roles of Blending and of Molecular Weight Distribution on Craze Initiation. Macromolecules, 50(23), 9507-9514. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01289

Craze initiation stress was measured in three-point bending isochronal creep tests on a series of entangled bimodal blends of polystyrenes of narrow dispersity, on three polystyrenes of broad dispersity, and on four blends of polystyrenes of broad di... Read More about The Roles of Blending and of Molecular Weight Distribution on Craze Initiation.

Dynamics of Star Polymers in Fast Extensional Flow and Stress Relaxation (2016)
Journal Article
Huang, Q., Agostini, S., Hengeller, L., Shivokhin, M., Alvarez, N. J., Hutchings, L. R., & Hassager, O. (2016). Dynamics of Star Polymers in Fast Extensional Flow and Stress Relaxation. Macromolecules, 49(17), 6694-6699. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01348

We confirm the observation from Ianniruberto and Marrucci [ Macromolecules 2013, 46, 267−275] that entangled melts of branched polystyrenes behave like linear polystyrenes in the steady state of fast extensional flow, by measuring a linear, an asymme... Read More about Dynamics of Star Polymers in Fast Extensional Flow and Stress Relaxation.

Spontaneous Nanoparticle Dispersal in Polybutadiene by Brush-Forming End-Functional Polymers (2016)
Journal Article
Hart, J. M., Kimani, S. M., Hutchings, L. R., Grillo, I., Hughes, A. V., Clarke, N., …Thompson, R. L. (2016). Spontaneous Nanoparticle Dispersal in Polybutadiene by Brush-Forming End-Functional Polymers. Macromolecules, 49(4), 1434-1443. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02318

A masterbatch additive for the enhanced dispersal of bare silica nanoparticles in polybutadiene is demonstrated using tetrahydroxyl end-functional polybutadienes (“4OH-PBd”). Neutron reflectometry and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) confirm the... Read More about Spontaneous Nanoparticle Dispersal in Polybutadiene by Brush-Forming End-Functional Polymers.

Chain Architecture as an Orthogonal Parameter To Influence Block Copolymer Morphology. Synthesis and Characterization of Hyperbranched Block Copolymers: HyperBlocks (2015)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L. R., Agostini, S., Hamley, I. W., & Hermida-Merino, D. (2015). Chain Architecture as an Orthogonal Parameter To Influence Block Copolymer Morphology. Synthesis and Characterization of Hyperbranched Block Copolymers: HyperBlocks. Macromolecules, 48(24), 8806-8822. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02052

For block copolymers there is usually a strong correlation between the copolymer composition (volume fraction of each block) and the resulting solid state morphology. However, for a variety of potential applications, e.g., semipermeable membranes or... Read More about Chain Architecture as an Orthogonal Parameter To Influence Block Copolymer Morphology. Synthesis and Characterization of Hyperbranched Block Copolymers: HyperBlocks.

Discussion on “Aperiodic Copolymers” (2015)
Journal Article
Rowan, S. J., Barner-Kowollik, C., Klumperman, B., Gaspard, P., Grubbs, R. B., Hillmyer, M. A., …Lodge, T. P. (2016). Discussion on “Aperiodic Copolymers”. ACS Macro Letters, 5(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00758

In a recent Viewpoint (ACS Macro Lett. 2014, 3, 1020), J.-F. Lutz brought to the community’s attention the need for more informative nomenclature, especially with respect to macromolecules with prescribed but not repeating sequences of monomers. Lutz... Read More about Discussion on “Aperiodic Copolymers”.

Normal-phase (temperature gradient) interaction chromatography – A powerful tool for the characterisation of high molecular weight chain-end functionalised polymers (2015)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L. R., Agostini, S., Oti, M. E., & Keth, J. (2015). Normal-phase (temperature gradient) interaction chromatography – A powerful tool for the characterisation of high molecular weight chain-end functionalised polymers. European Polymer Journal, 73, 105-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.10.010

We report here, for the first time, quantitative analysis of end-group functionalisation and the extent of end-group modification of polymers with molar mass up to 200,000 g mol−1, using a combination of isothermal and temperature gradient interactio... Read More about Normal-phase (temperature gradient) interaction chromatography – A powerful tool for the characterisation of high molecular weight chain-end functionalised polymers.

Modifying Polyester Surfaces with Incompatible Polymer Additives (2015)
Journal Article
James, C. D., Jeynes, C., Barradas, N. P., Clifton, L., Dalgliesh, R. M., Smith, R. F., …Thompson, R. L. (2015). Modifying Polyester Surfaces with Incompatible Polymer Additives. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 89, 40-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2015.03.002

Surface modification of amorphous PET in incompatible blends is demonstrated using fluorocarbon end-functional polystyrenes. Contact angles with water and decane were consistent with high levels of surface fluorocarbon, even for spin-cast films with... Read More about Modifying Polyester Surfaces with Incompatible Polymer Additives.

Monomer Sequence Control via Living Anionic Copolymerization: Synthesis of Alternating, Statistical, and Telechelic Copolymers and Sequence Analysis by MALDI ToF Mass Spectrometry (2015)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L. R., Brooks, P. P., Parker, D., Mosely, J. A., & Sevinc, S. (2015). Monomer Sequence Control via Living Anionic Copolymerization: Synthesis of Alternating, Statistical, and Telechelic Copolymers and Sequence Analysis by MALDI ToF Mass Spectrometry. Macromolecules, 48(3), 610-628. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma5016038

Diphenylethylene (DPE) is a monomer which has attracted significant interest from both academia and industry. DPE can undergo (co)polymerization by living anionic polymerization but is incapable of forming a homopolymer due to steric hindrance. Herei... Read More about Monomer Sequence Control via Living Anionic Copolymerization: Synthesis of Alternating, Statistical, and Telechelic Copolymers and Sequence Analysis by MALDI ToF Mass Spectrometry.

A Novel Method of Extraction of Blend Component Structure from SANS Measurements of Homopolymer Bimodal Blends (2014)
Journal Article
Smerdova, O., Graham, R., Gasser, U., Hutchings, L., & De Focatiis, D. (2014). A Novel Method of Extraction of Blend Component Structure from SANS Measurements of Homopolymer Bimodal Blends. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 215(9), 859-866. https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201300787

A new method is presented for the extraction of single-chain form factors and interchain interference functions from a range of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on bimodal homopolymer blends. The method requires a minimum of three bl... Read More about A Novel Method of Extraction of Blend Component Structure from SANS Measurements of Homopolymer Bimodal Blends.

Multihydroxyl End Functional Polyethylenes: Synthesis, Bulk and Interfacial Properties of Polymer Surfactants (2014)
Journal Article
Kimani, S., Thompson, R., Hutchings, L., Clarke, N., Billah, S., Sakai, V., & Rogers, S. (2014). Multihydroxyl End Functional Polyethylenes: Synthesis, Bulk and Interfacial Properties of Polymer Surfactants. Macromolecules, 47(6), 2062-2071. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma402158b

Multihydroxyl end functional polyethylenes have been prepared with controlled molecular weight, microstructure, and functionalization. These materials, designed as interfacially active blend additives for polar interfaces, are thermally stable up to... Read More about Multihydroxyl End Functional Polyethylenes: Synthesis, Bulk and Interfacial Properties of Polymer Surfactants.

Synthesis and temperature gradient interaction chromatography of model asymmetric star polymers by the "macromonomer" approach (2013)
Journal Article
Agostini, S., & Hutchings, L. R. (2013). Synthesis and temperature gradient interaction chromatography of model asymmetric star polymers by the "macromonomer" approach. European Polymer Journal, 49(9), 2769-2784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.06.021

We describe herein the synthesis and characterisation of a series of asymmetric three arm polystyrene stars via the “macromonomer” approach. The stars have been designed as model polymers to probe branched polymer dynamics and in particular to establ... Read More about Synthesis and temperature gradient interaction chromatography of model asymmetric star polymers by the "macromonomer" approach.

Synthesis and characterisation of end-functionalised poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) additives by reversible addition–fragmentation transfer polymerisation (2013)
Journal Article
Bergius, W., Hutchings, L., Sarih, N., Thompson, R., Jeschke, M., & Fisher, R. (2013). Synthesis and characterisation of end-functionalised poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) additives by reversible addition–fragmentation transfer polymerisation. Polymer Chemistry, 4(9), 2815-2827. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3py00041a

We describe herein the synthesis of a series of multi-end functionalized poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) additives bearing two or three C8F17 fluoroalkyl (CF) groups, designed as additives to modify surface properties. The PVP additives were prepared... Read More about Synthesis and characterisation of end-functionalised poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) additives by reversible addition–fragmentation transfer polymerisation.

In Silico Molecular Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Rheology of Dendritically Branched Polymers: Closing the Design Loop (2012)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L. R., Kimani, S. M., Hoyle, D. M., Read, D. J., Das, C., McLeish, T. C., …Auhl, D. (2012). In Silico Molecular Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Rheology of Dendritically Branched Polymers: Closing the Design Loop. ACS Macro Letters, 1(3), 404-408. https://doi.org/10.1021/mz300059k

It has been a long held ambition of both industry and academia to understand the relationship between the often complex molecular architecture of polymer chains and their melt flow properties, with the goal of building robust theoretical models to pr... Read More about In Silico Molecular Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Rheology of Dendritically Branched Polymers: Closing the Design Loop.

Surface Modification of Polyethylene with Multi-End-Functional Polyethylene Additives (2012)
Journal Article
Hardman, S., Hutchings, L., Clarke, N., Kimani, S., Mears, L., Smith, E., …Thompson, R. (2012). Surface Modification of Polyethylene with Multi-End-Functional Polyethylene Additives. Langmuir, 28(11), 5125-5137. https://doi.org/10.1021/la205158n

We have prepared and characterized a series of multifluorocarbon end-functional polyethylene additives, which when blended with polyethylene matrices increase surface hydrophobicity and lipophobicity. Water contact angles of >112° were observed on sp... Read More about Surface Modification of Polyethylene with Multi-End-Functional Polyethylene Additives.

Electrospinning Superhydrophobic Fibers Using Surface Segregating End-Functionalized Polymer Additives (2011)
Journal Article
Hardman, S., Muhamad-Sarih, N., Riggs, H., Thompson, R., Rigby, J., Bergius, W., & Hutchings, L. (2011). Electrospinning Superhydrophobic Fibers Using Surface Segregating End-Functionalized Polymer Additives. Macromolecules, 44(16), 6461-6470. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma200852z

We describe here a facile route for the in situ modification of the surface properties of fibers produced by electrospinning polystyrene containing small quantities of compatible polymer additives, end-functionalized with 1–3 fluoroalkyl groups. Such... Read More about Electrospinning Superhydrophobic Fibers Using Surface Segregating End-Functionalized Polymer Additives.

Multi-end functionalised polymer additives synthesised by living anionic polymerisation-the impact of additive molecular structure upon surface properties (2011)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L., Sarih, N., & Thompson, R. (2011). Multi-end functionalised polymer additives synthesised by living anionic polymerisation-the impact of additive molecular structure upon surface properties. Polymer Chemistry, 2(4), 851-861. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0py00362j

Numerous applications require specific properties at polymer surfaces that differ from the bulk. Herein we describe the novel synthesis of a series of multi-end functionalised poly(styrene) and poly(isoprene) additives carrying 1 to 3 fluoroalkyl (CF... Read More about Multi-end functionalised polymer additives synthesised by living anionic polymerisation-the impact of additive molecular structure upon surface properties.

Chain Deformation in Entangled Polymer Melts at Re-entrant Corners (2010)
Journal Article
Clarke, N., De Luca, E., Buxton, G., Hutchings, L., Gough, T., Grillo, I., …McLeish, T. (2010). Chain Deformation in Entangled Polymer Melts at Re-entrant Corners. Macromolecules, 43(3), 1539-1542. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma902324f

Using SANS to map the deformation of individual polymer chains in the vicinity of re-entrant corners in a contraction−expansion flow, we show that stress singularities at such corners, predicted by formulations of fluid dynamics that lack a molecular... Read More about Chain Deformation in Entangled Polymer Melts at Re-entrant Corners.

Chapter Chapter 14 (2009)
Book Chapter
Khosravi, E., Castle, T., Kujawa, M., Leejarkpai, J., Hutchings, L., & Hine, P. (2009). Chapter Chapter 14. In E. Khosravi, Y. Yagci, & Y. Savelyev (Eds.), New Smart Materials via Metal Mediated Macromolecular Engineering (223-236). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3278-2_14

HyperMacs to HyperBlocks: A Novel Class of Branched Thermoplastic Elastomer (2009)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L., Dodds, J., Rees, D., Kimani, S., Wu, J., & Smith, E. (2009). HyperMacs to HyperBlocks: A Novel Class of Branched Thermoplastic Elastomer. Macromolecules, 42(22), 8675-8687. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma901819f

We demonstrate here the great versatility of the macromonomer approach for the synthesis of long chain hyperbranched polymers (HyperMacs) and describe the synthesis of HyperMacs from polybutadiene and poly(methyl methacrylate) using analogous yet mod... Read More about HyperMacs to HyperBlocks: A Novel Class of Branched Thermoplastic Elastomer.

The long-chain dynamics in a model homopolymer blend under strong flow: small-angle neutron scattering and theory (2009)
Journal Article
Graham, R. S., Bent, J., Clarke, N., Hutchings, L. R., Richards, R. W., Gough, T., …McLeish, T. C. (2009). The long-chain dynamics in a model homopolymer blend under strong flow: small-angle neutron scattering and theory. Soft Matter, 5(12), 2383-2389. https://doi.org/10.1039/b817440g

We use small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements to provide a detailed picture of the non-linear dynamics of the long chains in a model polystyrene blend. By a weighted subtraction of SANS measurements from two otherwise identical blends wit... Read More about The long-chain dynamics in a model homopolymer blend under strong flow: small-angle neutron scattering and theory.

Neutron flow-mapping: Multiscale modelling opens a new experimental window (2009)
Journal Article
McLeish, T. C., Clarke, N., de Luca, E., Hutchings, L. R., Graham, R. S., Gough, T., …Chambon, P. (2009). Neutron flow-mapping: Multiscale modelling opens a new experimental window. Soft Matter, 5(22), 4426-4432. https://doi.org/10.1039/b916288g

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has delivered significant insight into the rich and varied phenomena seen in the non-linear dynamics of entangled polymers. The lengthscales accessible by SANS are ideally matched to the strongly lengthscale-depe... Read More about Neutron flow-mapping: Multiscale modelling opens a new experimental window.

DendriMacs and HyperMacs - emerging as more than just model branched polymers (2008)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L. (2008). DendriMacs and HyperMacs - emerging as more than just model branched polymers. Soft Matter, 4(11), 2150-2159. https://doi.org/10.1039/b809634a

The past decade has seen an emerging interest in the design and synthesis of ever more complex, hierarchically branched polymers – often described as dendritically branched polymers. In part, this has been driven by the long-established desire of bot... Read More about DendriMacs and HyperMacs - emerging as more than just model branched polymers.

Roles of chain length, chain architecture, and time in the initiation of visible crazes in polystyrene (2008)
Journal Article
De Focatiis, D., Buckley, C., & Hutchings, L. (2008). Roles of chain length, chain architecture, and time in the initiation of visible crazes in polystyrene. Macromolecules, 41(12), 4484-4491. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma702157m

Visible craze initiation stress has been measured for a wide range of linear and branched monodisperse polystyrenes (PS) soaked in diethylene glycol. Results show that, for a given time under stress, craze initiation in linear PS is disentanglement-d... Read More about Roles of chain length, chain architecture, and time in the initiation of visible crazes in polystyrene.

HyperMacs – long chain hyperbranched polymers: A dramatically improved synthesis and qualitative rheological analysis (2008)
Journal Article
Clarke, N., De Luca, E., Dodds, J., Kimani, S., & Hutchings, L. (2008). HyperMacs – long chain hyperbranched polymers: A dramatically improved synthesis and qualitative rheological analysis. European Polymer Journal, 44(3), 665-676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.12.022

We have previously reported a novel (albeit modestly successful) strategy for the synthesis of polystyrene HyperMacs – long chain branched analogues of hyperbranched polymers. The building blocks for HyperMacs, AB2 macromonomers are synthesized by li... Read More about HyperMacs – long chain hyperbranched polymers: A dramatically improved synthesis and qualitative rheological analysis.

Multi-end-functionalized polymers: additives to modify polymer properties at surfaces and interfaces (2007)
Journal Article
Narrainen, A., Hutchings, L., Ansari, I., Thompson, R., & Clarke, N. (2007). Multi-end-functionalized polymers: additives to modify polymer properties at surfaces and interfaces. Macromolecules, 40(6), 1969-1980. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma062349y

An ongoing challenge in polymer science is the preparation of materials with specific surface properties which differ from that of the bulk, for example, hydrophobicity, wettability, chemical resistance, adhesion, or biocompatibility, while retaining... Read More about Multi-end-functionalized polymers: additives to modify polymer properties at surfaces and interfaces.

Synthesis and characterisation of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) combs (2006)
Journal Article
Fernyhough, C., Young, R., Ryan, A., & Hutchings, L. (2006). Synthesis and characterisation of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) combs. Polymer, 47(10), 3455-3463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.055

A series of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) combs has been synthesized. Architecturally and molecularly well-defined polystyrene combs were initially produced with the branch molecular mass fixed at 30,000 g/mol, the average number of branche... Read More about Synthesis and characterisation of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) combs.

Macromolecular engineering: a synthetic perspective. (2006)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L. (2006). Macromolecular engineering: a synthetic perspective. Plastics, Rubber and Composites, 35(10), 403-409. https://doi.org/10.1179/174328906x149754

It has long been a desire for both the polymer academic and industrial (production and process) communities to gain a true understanding of the effects of molecular architecture variables upon polymer properties and the implications for polymer proce... Read More about Macromolecular engineering: a synthetic perspective..

Novel multi end-functionalised polymers. Additives to modify polymer properties at surfaces and interfaces (2006)
Journal Article
Pillay Narrainen, A., Hutchings, L., Ansari, I., Clarke, N., & Thompson, R. (2006). Novel multi end-functionalised polymers. Additives to modify polymer properties at surfaces and interfaces. Soft Matter, 2(2), 126-128. https://doi.org/10.1039/b516439g

Fréchet-type poly(arylether) dendrons with up to eight trifluoromethyl peripheral groups have been used as initiators in the copper mediated living radical polymerisation of d8-styrene, the surface adsorption behaviour and resulting properties of the... Read More about Novel multi end-functionalised polymers. Additives to modify polymer properties at surfaces and interfaces.

Surface-active fluorocarbon end-functionalized polylactides (2006)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L., Narrainen, A., Eggleston, S., Clarke, N., & Thompson, R. (2006). Surface-active fluorocarbon end-functionalized polylactides. Polymer, 47(24), 8116-8122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2006.09.050

The synthesis and surface properties of a 2 × C8F17 fluorocarbon di-functionalized poly(d,l-lactide), “F2PLA” are described. Small fractions 5% w/w of F2PLA, when blended with unfunctionalized poly(d,l-lactide), “PLA”, render the surface both hydroph... Read More about Surface-active fluorocarbon end-functionalized polylactides.

Polymer blends in a contraction-expansion flow (2006)
Journal Article
Clarke, N., De Luca, E., Bent, J., Buxton, G., Gough, T., Grillo, I., & Hutchings, L. (2006). Polymer blends in a contraction-expansion flow. Macromolecules, 39(22), 7607-7616. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0610966

We have probed the coupling between flow and concentration fluctuations in polymer blends using small-angle neutron scattering. We utilized a recirculating cell with a slot die, enabling us to measure the behavior at the entrance, within and at the e... Read More about Polymer blends in a contraction-expansion flow.

Block copolymers by the conversion of living lithium initiated anionic polymerization into living ruthenium ROMP (2006)
Journal Article
Castle, T., Khosravi, E., & Hutchings, L. (2006). Block copolymers by the conversion of living lithium initiated anionic polymerization into living ruthenium ROMP. Macromolecules, 39(17), 5639-5645. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma060769h

This paper describes a method for the synthesis of well-defined AB block copolymers, where one block is synthesized via anionic polymerization initiated with alkyllithium compounds, and one by ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using well-... Read More about Block copolymers by the conversion of living lithium initiated anionic polymerization into living ruthenium ROMP.

Surface adsorption of polar end-functionalised polystyrenes (2006)
Journal Article
Narrainen, A., Clarke, N., Eggleston, S., Hutchings, L., & Thompson, R. (2006). Surface adsorption of polar end-functionalised polystyrenes. Soft Matter, 2(11), 981-985. https://doi.org/10.1039/b608688h

Due to their inherently high surface energy, polar end-functionalised polymers do not normally adsorb to the external surfaces of blends. However, adsorption of polar functionalities can be induced rapidly by annealing in a polar environment such as... Read More about Surface adsorption of polar end-functionalised polystyrenes.

HyperMacs. Long chain branched analogues of hyperbranched polymers prepared by the polycondensation of AB(2) macromonomers. (2006)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L., Dodds, J., & Roberts-Bleming, S. (2006). HyperMacs. Long chain branched analogues of hyperbranched polymers prepared by the polycondensation of AB(2) macromonomers. Macromolecular Symposia, 240(1), 56-67. https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.200650808

We describe here a new strategy for the synthesis of polymers with highly branched architectures. The strategy involves the synthesis by anionic polymerization of well-defined AB2 polystyrene macromonomers with molecular weights from 3,600 to 94,000... Read More about HyperMacs. Long chain branched analogues of hyperbranched polymers prepared by the polycondensation of AB(2) macromonomers..

Measuring and predicting the dynamics of linear monodisperse entangled polymers in rapid flow through an abrupt contraction. A small angle neutron scattering study. (2006)
Journal Article
Graham, R., Bent, J., Hutchings, L., Richards, R., Groves, D., Embery, J., …Grillo, I. (2006). Measuring and predicting the dynamics of linear monodisperse entangled polymers in rapid flow through an abrupt contraction. A small angle neutron scattering study. Macromolecules, 39(7), 2700-2709. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma052357z

Small-angle neutron scattering measurements on a series of monodisperse linear entangled polystyrene melts in nonlinear flow through an abrupt 4:1 contraction have been made. Clear signatures of melt deformation and subsequent relaxation can be obser... Read More about Measuring and predicting the dynamics of linear monodisperse entangled polymers in rapid flow through an abrupt contraction. A small angle neutron scattering study..

DendriMacs. Well-defined dendritically branched polymers synthesized by an iterative convergent strategy involving the coupling reaction of AB₂ macromonomers (2006)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L., & Roberts-Bleming, S. (2006). DendriMacs. Well-defined dendritically branched polymers synthesized by an iterative convergent strategy involving the coupling reaction of AB₂ macromonomers. Macromolecules, 39(6), 2144-2152. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma052627d

We describe here the first example of an iterative convergent strategy for the synthesis of dendritically branched polymers involving condensation coupling reactions of AB2 macromonomers. The macromonomers were synthesized by living anionic polymeriz... Read More about DendriMacs. Well-defined dendritically branched polymers synthesized by an iterative convergent strategy involving the coupling reaction of AB₂ macromonomers.

Self-diffusion and viscoelastic measurements of polystyrene star polymers. (2005)
Journal Article
Clarke, N., Colley, F., Collins, S., Hutchings, L., & Thompson, R. (2005). Self-diffusion and viscoelastic measurements of polystyrene star polymers. Macromolecules, 39(3), 1290-1296. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma051973s

A series of hydrogenous and deuterated four-arm polystyrene stars with low polydispersity have been synthesized by anionic polymerization. Self-diffusion data have been obtained using helium-3 nuclear reaction analysis, and rheology has been employed... Read More about Self-diffusion and viscoelastic measurements of polystyrene star polymers..

HyperMacs: Highly branched polymers prepared by the polycondensation of AB₂ macromonomers, synthesis and characterization (2005)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L., Dodds, J., & Roberts-Bleming, S. (2005). HyperMacs: Highly branched polymers prepared by the polycondensation of AB₂ macromonomers, synthesis and characterization. Macromolecules, 38(14), 5970-5980. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma047419k

We describe here a new strategy for the synthesis of polymers with highly branched architectures. The strategy involves the synthesis by anionic polymerization of well-defined AB(2) polystyrene (condensation) macromonomers with molecular weights from... Read More about HyperMacs: Highly branched polymers prepared by the polycondensation of AB₂ macromonomers, synthesis and characterization.

Solvent accelerated polymer diffusion in thin films (2005)
Journal Article
Thompson, R., McDonald, M., Lenthall, J., & Hutchings, L. (2005). Solvent accelerated polymer diffusion in thin films. Macromolecules, 38(10), 4339-4344. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma050317p

We have investigated the absorption of cyclohexane vapor into polystyrene films and the resulting polymer interdiffusion that is enabled by this process. The swelling of films due to solvent absorption was relatively insensitive to the film thickness... Read More about Solvent accelerated polymer diffusion in thin films.

Constriction flows of monodisperse linear entangled polymers: Multiscale modeling and flow visualization. (2005)
Journal Article
Collis, M., Lele, A., Mackley, M., Graham, R., Groves, D., Likhtman, A., …Young, R. (2005). Constriction flows of monodisperse linear entangled polymers: Multiscale modeling and flow visualization. Journal of Rheology, 49(2), 501-522. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.1849180

We explore both the theology and complex flow behavior of monodisperse polymer melts. Adequate quantities of monodisperse polymer were synthesized in order that both the materials rheology and microprocessing behavior could be established. In paralle... Read More about Constriction flows of monodisperse linear entangled polymers: Multiscale modeling and flow visualization..

Synthesis of well-defined graft co-polymers via coupled living anionic and living ring-opening metathesis polymerisation (2004)
Journal Article
Khosravi, E., Hutchings, L., & Kujawa-Welten, M. (2004). Synthesis of well-defined graft co-polymers via coupled living anionic and living ring-opening metathesis polymerisation. Designed Monomers and Polymers, 7(6), 619-632

The synthesis of polystyrene (PS) macromonomers functionalised with a norbornene (Nbe) unit and their living ring-opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) to produce comb graft copolymers is described. Macromonomers comprising of one PS chain per Nbe... Read More about Synthesis of well-defined graft co-polymers via coupled living anionic and living ring-opening metathesis polymerisation.

Synthesis of block copolymers by changing living anionic polymerization into living ring opening metathesis polymerization (2004)
Journal Article
Castle, T., Hutchings, L., & Khosravi, E. (2004). Synthesis of block copolymers by changing living anionic polymerization into living ring opening metathesis polymerization. Macromolecules, 37(6), 2035-2040. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma030418s

A series of AB diblock copolymers have been synthesized by transformation of living anionic polymerization into ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Ethylene oxide was polymerized anionically using diphenylmethylpotassium as the initiator a... Read More about Synthesis of block copolymers by changing living anionic polymerization into living ring opening metathesis polymerization.

Neutron reflectometry investigation of polymer-polymer reactions at the interface between immiscible polymers (2003)
Journal Article
Coote, M., Gordon, D., Hutchings, L., Richards, R., & Dalgliesh, R. (2003). Neutron reflectometry investigation of polymer-polymer reactions at the interface between immiscible polymers. Polymer, 44(25), 7689-7700

Primary amine end functionalised deuteropolystyrene has been mixed with unmodified hydrogenous polystyrene and a thin film placed on top of a film of an acrylic polymer that either has carboxylic acid groups located at one end of each molecule or as... Read More about Neutron reflectometry investigation of polymer-polymer reactions at the interface between immiscible polymers.

Film thickness effects on the distribution of high-molecular-weight heterotelechelic polymers (2002)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L., Richards, R., Thompson, R., & Bucknall, D. (2002). Film thickness effects on the distribution of high-molecular-weight heterotelechelic polymers. The European Physical Journal E, 8(2), 121-128

High-molecular-weight heterotelechelic deuteriopolystyrene, NDPSF, possessing an amine functional group at one end of the chain and a fluorocarbon group at the other was tethered to a silicon substrate by its amine functional group. These layers were... Read More about Film thickness effects on the distribution of high-molecular-weight heterotelechelic polymers.

Interface development in polycarbonate/poly(methyl methacrylate) bilayer films (2001)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L., Richards, R., Thompson, R., Clough, A., & Langridge, S. (2001). Interface development in polycarbonate/poly(methyl methacrylate) bilayer films. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 39(20), 2351-2362

We report the effect of annealing over a range of temperatures and times on the mixing, stability, and interfacial width in thin bilayer films of bisphenol A-polycarbonate (PC) on deuterated poly(methyl methacrylate) (dPMMA). These bilayer films were... Read More about Interface development in polycarbonate/poly(methyl methacrylate) bilayer films.

Capillary wave properties of a spread film of a polybutadiene- poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer: 2. Cyclohexane-water interface. (2001)
Journal Article
Milling, A., Hutchings, L., & Richards, R. (2001). Capillary wave properties of a spread film of a polybutadiene- poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer: 2. Cyclohexane-water interface. Langmuir, 17(17), 5305-5313. https://doi.org/10.1021/la010324g

A diblock copolymer of polybutadiene and poly(ethylene oxide) has been spread at the interface between cyclohexane and water, and the properties of the capillary waves were determined by light scattering. As the concentration of block copolymer at th... Read More about Capillary wave properties of a spread film of a polybutadiene- poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer: 2. Cyclohexane-water interface..

Capillary wave properties of a spread film of a polybutadiene- poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer: 1. Air-water interface (2001)
Journal Article
Milling, A., Hutchings, L., & Richards, R. (2001). Capillary wave properties of a spread film of a polybutadiene- poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer: 1. Air-water interface. Langmuir, 17(17), 5297-5304. https://doi.org/10.1021/la010323o

A polybutacliene-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer has been spread at the air-water interface, and the surface pressure isotherm has been determined. Over the same concentration range, a spread film of polybutadiene exhibits no surface pressure... Read More about Capillary wave properties of a spread film of a polybutadiene- poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer: 1. Air-water interface.

Small-angle neutron scattering from single arm labeled polybutadiene star polymers in dilute solution (2001)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L., Richards, R., Reynolds, S., & Thompson, R. (2001). Small-angle neutron scattering from single arm labeled polybutadiene star polymers in dilute solution. Macromolecules, 34(16), 5571-5578

Dilute cyclohexane solutions of polybutadiene star polymers with 3, 4, 8, and 12 arms wherein one arm is perdeuterated have been investigated by small-angle neutron scattering. The scattering cross sections obtained showed a characteristic peak at fi... Read More about Small-angle neutron scattering from single arm labeled polybutadiene star polymers in dilute solution.

Partitioning of a heterotelechelic polystyrene to separate interfaces of thin films (2001)
Journal Article
Hutchings, L., Richards, R., Thompson, R., Bucknall, D., & Clough, A. (2001). Partitioning of a heterotelechelic polystyrene to separate interfaces of thin films. The European Physical Journal E, 5(4), 451-464

Heteratelechelic deuteropolystyrenes have been synthesised with a tertiary amine functionality at one end and a fluorocarbon group at the other end of the polymer chain. A layer of this polymer. circa 120 Angstrom thick, has been attached to the surf... Read More about Partitioning of a heterotelechelic polystyrene to separate interfaces of thin films.

Structure of a spread film of a polybutadiene-poly(ethylene oxide) linear diblock copolymer at the air-water interface as determined by neutron reflectometry (2001)
Journal Article
Bowers, J., Zarbakhsh, A., Webster, J., Hutchings, L., & Richards, R. (2001). Structure of a spread film of a polybutadiene-poly(ethylene oxide) linear diblock copolymer at the air-water interface as determined by neutron reflectometry. Langmuir, 17(1), 131-139

The structure of a film of a linear diblock copolymer of polybutadiene-poly(ethylene oxide) with a molecular mass of similar to 60 000 g mol(-1) and containing similar to 50 mol % poly(ethylene oxide) PEO spread on water has been investigated using n... Read More about Structure of a spread film of a polybutadiene-poly(ethylene oxide) linear diblock copolymer at the air-water interface as determined by neutron reflectometry.

Neutron reflectivity studies at liquid-liquid interfaces: Methodology and analysis (2001)
Journal Article
Bowers, J., Zarbakhsh, A., Webster, J., Hutchings, L., & Richards, R. (2001). Neutron reflectivity studies at liquid-liquid interfaces: Methodology and analysis. Langmuir, 17(1), 140-145

A protocol is described for measuring and analyzing neutron reflectivity data from a buried oil-water interface. A hexadecane-water interface is considered, and data from the bare interface and from films of polybutadiene-poly(ethylene oxide) Linear... Read More about Neutron reflectivity studies at liquid-liquid interfaces: Methodology and analysis.