Optimising Gamma Irradiation Seed Treatment of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties for Potential Future Application in Mutation Breeding

Jhar, Abdallah; Sabbagh, Said; Elkhattab, Emad; Abrak, Servet; Hatipoğlu, Halil; Brennan, Adrian

Abstract

Background: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a nutritious and healthy seed oil crop with perspective for further improvement through plant breeding. Mutagenesis breeding generates new genetic variation with potentially favorable genetic changes for selection. Gamma irradiation has been applied to mutate sesame and other crops at seed stage. However, a wide range of doses have been applied, which can be ineffective or cause sterilization, and the different seed colors of sesame varieties influences sensitivity to irradiation.

Methods: Gamma irradiation equipment was calibrated for low gamma irradiation doses and different treatments were applied to three Turkish sesame varieties with the aim of optimizing treatment. The resulting phenotypic variation of the M0 generation were quantified in terms of seedling and field performance.

Results: Negative relationships were found between radiation dose and the measured traits; germination percentage, seedling shoot and root length, branch number, capsule number, capsule length, 100 seed weight, and yield, but not plant height or flowering time. Varieties generally maintained trait differences before and following radiation treatment, but for; germination, root length, branch and capsule number, and capsule length, varieties were affected differently by radiation dose.

Conclusions: These results highlight the value of optimizing gamma irradiation dose for sesame according to variety, seed color, and trait, while confirming that doses ranging from 250 to 350 Gy are effective to induce variation for most traits. The treated populations generated in this study will be progressed to later generations to confirm heritable mutations as part of a future plant breeding efforts.

Citation

Jhar, A., Sabbagh, S., Elkhattab, E., Abrak, S., Hatipoğlu, H., & Brennan, A. (2024). Optimising Gamma Irradiation Seed Treatment of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties for Potential Future Application in Mutation Breeding. Crop Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, 6(3), Article e240004. https://doi.org/10.20900/cbgg20240004

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jul 12, 2024
• Online Publication Date: Jul 16, 2024
• Publication Date: Jul 16, 2024
• Deposit Date: Sep 19, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: Sep 19, 2024
• Journal: Crop Breeding, Genetics and Genomics
• Electronic ISSN: 2632-7309
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 6
• Issue: 3
• Article Number: e240004
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.20900/cbgg20240004
• Public URL: https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/2782175