A 3D Steganalytic Algorithm and Steganalysis-Resistant Watermarking

Yang, Ying; Pintus, Ruggero; Rushmeier, Holly; Ivrissimtzis, Ioannis

Abstract

We propose a simple yet efficient steganalytic algorithm for watermarks embedded by two state-of-the-art 3D watermarking algorithms by Cho et al. The main observation is that while in a clean model the means/variances of Cho et al.’s normalized histogram bins are expected to follow a Gaussian distribution, in a marked model their distribution will be bimodal. The proposed algorithm estimates the number of bins through an exhaustive search and then the presence of a watermark is decided by a tailor made normality test or a t-test. We also propose a modification of Cho et al.’s watermarking algorithms with the watermark embedded by changing the histogram of the radial coordinates of the vertices. Rather than targeting a continuous statistics such as the mean or variance of the values in a bin, the proposed watermarking modifies a discrete statistic, which here is the height of the histogram bin, to achieve watermark embedding. Experimental results demonstrate that the modified algorithm offers not only better resistance against the steganalytic attack we developed, but also an improved robustness/capacity trade-off.

Citation

Yang, Y., Pintus, R., Rushmeier, H., & Ivrissimtzis, I. (2017). A 3D Steganalytic Algorithm and Steganalysis-Resistant Watermarking. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 23(2), 1002-2626. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2016.2525771

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jan 24, 2016
• Online Publication Date: Feb 4, 2016
• Publication Date: Feb 1, 2017
• Deposit Date: Feb 24, 2016
• Publicly Available Date: Feb 29, 2016
• Journal: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
• Print ISSN: 1077-2626
• Electronic ISSN: 1941-0506
• Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 23
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 1002-2626
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2016.2525771
• Public URL: https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1411419
• Related Public URLs: http://graphics.cs.yale.edu/site/sites/files/3Dsteganalysis_and_watermarking.pdf