Outputs (2)

"What did I say?" versus "What did I think?" Attributing false beliefs to self amongst children with and without autism (2009)
Journal Article
Williams, D., & Happe, F. (2009). "What did I say?" versus "What did I think?" Attributing false beliefs to self amongst children with and without autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(6), 865-873. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0695-6

The task used most widely to assess recognition of false belief in self and others is the 'Smarties' unexpected contents task. Amongst individuals with and without autism, the Self and Other-person test questions of this task are of an equivalent lev... Read More about "What did I say?" versus "What did I think?" Attributing false beliefs to self amongst children with and without autism.

Metacognition may be more impaired than mindreading in autism (2009)
Journal Article
Williams, D., Lind, S., & Happé, F. (2009). Metacognition may be more impaired than mindreading in autism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32(2), 162-163. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09000818

This commentary focuses on evidence from autism concerning the relation between metacognition and mindreading. We support Carruthers' rejection of models 1 (independent systems) and 3 (metacognition before mindreading), and provide evidence to streng... Read More about Metacognition may be more impaired than mindreading in autism.