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Leon Bowen's Outputs (68)

Understanding the Role of Organic Hole Transport Layers on Pinhole Blocking and Performance Improvement in Sb 2 Se 3 Solar Cells (2024)
Journal Article
Shalvey, T. P., Don, C. H., Bowen, L., Veal, T. D., & Major, J. D. (online). Understanding the Role of Organic Hole Transport Layers on Pinhole Blocking and Performance Improvement in Sb 2 Se 3 Solar Cells. Advanced Materials Interfaces, Article 2400394. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202400394

Sb2Se3 is an emerging semiconductor which has shown promise for low‐cost photovoltaic applications. After successive record‐efficiencies using a range of device structures, spiro‐OMeTAD has emerged as the default hole transport material (HTM), howeve... Read More about Understanding the Role of Organic Hole Transport Layers on Pinhole Blocking and Performance Improvement in Sb 2 Se 3 Solar Cells.

La₂O₂MQ₂ phases: stability and synthetic challenges (2024)
Journal Article
Hebberd, G. R., Mendis, B., Bowen, L., Clark, S. J., & Mccabe, E. E. (2024). La₂O₂MQ₂ phases: stability and synthetic challenges. Solid State Sciences, 157, Article 107719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107719

Oxychalcogenides containing transition metal or p block cations have potential for thermoelectric, photocatalytic and magnetic applications but the synthetic pathways to these quaternary phases are not fully understood. This presents a challenge to t... Read More about La₂O₂MQ₂ phases: stability and synthetic challenges.

Precision depth-controlled isolated silver nanoparticle-doped diamond-like carbon coatings with enhanced ion release, biocompatibility, and mechanical performance (2024)
Journal Article
Zia, A. W., Anestopoulos, I., Bowen, L., Panayiotidis, M. I., & Birkett, M. (2024). Precision depth-controlled isolated silver nanoparticle-doped diamond-like carbon coatings with enhanced ion release, biocompatibility, and mechanical performance. Surface and Coatings Technology, 493, Part 2, Article 131281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131281

Silver doped diamond-like carbon (Ag/DLC) coatings are in high demand for biomedical applications such as artificial implants, surgical instruments, and medical devices. However, recent reports indicate that the excess Ag concentration required in ty... Read More about Precision depth-controlled isolated silver nanoparticle-doped diamond-like carbon coatings with enhanced ion release, biocompatibility, and mechanical performance.

Reactive DC Sputtered TiO 2 Electron Transport Layers for Cadmium‐Free Sb 2 Se 3 Solar Cells (2024)
Journal Article
Don, C. H., Shalvey, T. P., Sindi, D. A., Lewis, B., Swallow, J. E. N., Bowen, L., …Major, J. D. (2024). Reactive DC Sputtered TiO 2 Electron Transport Layers for Cadmium‐Free Sb 2 Se 3 Solar Cells. Advanced Energy Materials, Article 2401077. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202401077

The evolution of Sb2Se3 heterojunction devices away from CdS electron transport layers (ETL) to wide bandgap metal oxide alternatives is a critical target in the development of this emerging photovoltaic material. Metal oxide ETL/Sb2Se3 device perfor... Read More about Reactive DC Sputtered TiO 2 Electron Transport Layers for Cadmium‐Free Sb 2 Se 3 Solar Cells.

The Impact of Hot Injection Reaction Temperature on the Properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanocrystal Thin Films for PV Devices (2023)
Journal Article
Alluhaybi, A., Halliday, D., Szablewski, M., & Bowen, L. (2024). The Impact of Hot Injection Reaction Temperature on the Properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanocrystal Thin Films for PV Devices. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 14(2), 240-245. https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2023.3338859

Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) is a p-type absorber layer semiconductor, which is a promising candidate material for advanced solar cell devices. CZTS nanoparticle thin films were synthesized via the hot-injection spin-coating method. Nanoparticle inks were dep... Read More about The Impact of Hot Injection Reaction Temperature on the Properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanocrystal Thin Films for PV Devices.

Nanostructured Channel for Improving Emission Efficiency of Hybrid Light-Emitting Field-Effect Transistors (2023)
Journal Article
Galán-González, A., Pander, P., MacKenzie, R. C. I., Bowen, L., Zeze, D. A., Borthwick, R. J., …Chaudhry, M. U. (2023). Nanostructured Channel for Improving Emission Efficiency of Hybrid Light-Emitting Field-Effect Transistors. ACS Photonics, 10(12), 4315-4321. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01080

We report on the mechanism of enhancing the luminance and external quantum efficiency (EQE) by developing nanostructured channels in hybrid (organic/inorganic) light-emitting transistors (HLETs) that combine a solution-processed oxide and a polymer h... Read More about Nanostructured Channel for Improving Emission Efficiency of Hybrid Light-Emitting Field-Effect Transistors.

Enhanced Carrier Collection in Cd/In-Based Dual Buffers in Kesterite Thin-Film Solar Cells from Nanoparticle Inks (2023)
Journal Article
Campbell, S., Zoppi, G., Bowen, L., Maiello, P., Barrioz, V., Beattie, N. S., & Qu, Y. (2023). Enhanced Carrier Collection in Cd/In-Based Dual Buffers in Kesterite Thin-Film Solar Cells from Nanoparticle Inks. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 6(21), 10883-10896. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c01622

Increasing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of kesterite Cu2ZnSn­(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells has remained challenging over the past decade, in part due to open-circuit voltage (V OC)-limiting defect states at the absorber/buffer interface. Prev... Read More about Enhanced Carrier Collection in Cd/In-Based Dual Buffers in Kesterite Thin-Film Solar Cells from Nanoparticle Inks.

Biocompatible Ti3Au–Ag/Cu thin film coatings with enhanced mechanical and antimicrobial functionality (2023)
Journal Article
Lukose, C. C., Anestopoulos, I., Panagiotidis, I., Zoppi, G., Black, A. M., Dover, L. G., …Birkett, M. (2023). Biocompatible Ti3Au–Ag/Cu thin film coatings with enhanced mechanical and antimicrobial functionality. Biomaterials Research, 27(1), Article 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-023-00435-1

Background
Biofilm formation on medical device surfaces is a persistent problem that shelters bacteria and encourages infections and implant rejection. One promising approach to tackle this problem is to coat the medical device with an antimicrobial... Read More about Biocompatible Ti3Au–Ag/Cu thin film coatings with enhanced mechanical and antimicrobial functionality.

Multi‐Phase Sputtered TiO2‐Induced Current–Voltage Distortion in Sb2Se3 Solar Cells (2023)
Journal Article
Don, C. H., Shalvey, T. P., Smiles, M. J., Thomas, L., Phillips, L. J., Hobson, T. D. C., …Major, J. D. (2023). Multi‐Phase Sputtered TiO2‐Induced Current–Voltage Distortion in Sb2Se3 Solar Cells. Advanced Materials Interfaces, 10(20), https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202300238

Despite the recent success of CdS/Sb2Se3 heterojunction devices, cadmium toxicity, parasitic absorption from the relatively narrow CdS band gap (2.4 eV) and multiple reports of inter-diffusion at the interface forming Cd(S,Se) and Sb2(S,Se)3 phases,... Read More about Multi‐Phase Sputtered TiO2‐Induced Current–Voltage Distortion in Sb2Se3 Solar Cells.

Adatom controlled emergence of high hardness in biocompatible beta-Ti3Au intermetallic thin film surfaces (2023)
Journal Article
Lukose, C. C., Anestopoulos, I., Bowen, L., Panayiotidis, M. I., & Birkett, M. (2023). Adatom controlled emergence of high hardness in biocompatible beta-Ti3Au intermetallic thin film surfaces. Surfaces and Interfaces, 40, Article 103034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2023.103034

There is growing international interest in hard biocompatible thin film surface coatings to extend the lifetime of medical implants. Parameters of the physical vapour deposition technique can be utilized to fine tune the microstructure and resulting... Read More about Adatom controlled emergence of high hardness in biocompatible beta-Ti3Au intermetallic thin film surfaces.

Biomechanical characteristics of silver enriched diamond-like carbon coatings for medical applications (2023)
Journal Article
Zia, A. W., Anestopoulos, I., Panayiotidis, M. I., Bowen, L., & Birkett, M. (2023). Biomechanical characteristics of silver enriched diamond-like carbon coatings for medical applications. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 958, Article 170473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170473

Silver enriched diamond-like carbon (Ag/DLC) coatings are gaining a reputation for medical applications as Ag doping improves the intrinsic biocompatibility and antimicrobial features of DLC, and higher Ag amounts improve its hemocompatibility and gr... Read More about Biomechanical characteristics of silver enriched diamond-like carbon coatings for medical applications.

Nanoindentation of Horn River Basin Shales: The Micromechanical Contrast Between Overburden and Reservoir Formations (2023)
Journal Article
Charlton, T., Rouainia, M., Aplin, A., Fisher, Q., & Bowen, L. (2023). Nanoindentation of Horn River Basin Shales: The Micromechanical Contrast Between Overburden and Reservoir Formations. Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, 128(3), Article e2022JB025957. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jb025957

We present a micromechanical characterization of shales from the Horn River Basin, NW Canada. The shales have contrasting mineralogy and microstructures and play different geomechanical roles in the field: the sample set covers an unconventional gas... Read More about Nanoindentation of Horn River Basin Shales: The Micromechanical Contrast Between Overburden and Reservoir Formations.

Thermal activation of Ti(1-x)Au(x) thin films with enhanced hardness and biocompatibility (2022)
Journal Article
Lukose, C. C., Anestopoulos, I., Mantso, T., Bowen, L., Panayiotidis, M. I., & Birkett, M. (2022). Thermal activation of Ti(1-x)Au(x) thin films with enhanced hardness and biocompatibility. Bioactive Materials, 15, 426-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.027

The lifetime of orthopaedic implants can be extended by coating the softer Ti6Al4V alloy with harder biocompatible thin films. In this work, thin films of Ti(1-x)Au(x) are grown on Ti6Al4V and glass substrates by magnetron sputtering in the entire x... Read More about Thermal activation of Ti(1-x)Au(x) thin films with enhanced hardness and biocompatibility.

A method for automatic shale porosity quantification using an Edge-Threshold Automatic Processing (ETAP) technique (2021)
Journal Article
Tian, S., Bowen, L., Liu, B., Zeng, F., Xue, H., Erastova, V., …Liu, J. (2021). A method for automatic shale porosity quantification using an Edge-Threshold Automatic Processing (ETAP) technique. Fuel, 304, Article 121319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121319

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is one of the most prevalent methods used to image and quantify the pore size distribution of shale rock, critical in understanding unconventional petroleum systems and production. Generally, digital greyscale SEM i... Read More about A method for automatic shale porosity quantification using an Edge-Threshold Automatic Processing (ETAP) technique.

Microstructure and pore systems of shallow-buried fluvial mudstone caprocks in Zhanhua Depression, east China inferred from SEM and MICP (2021)
Journal Article
Li, Y., Zha, M., Song, R., Aplin, A. C., Bowen, L., Wang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Microstructure and pore systems of shallow-buried fluvial mudstone caprocks in Zhanhua Depression, east China inferred from SEM and MICP. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 132, Article 105189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105189

Shallow-buried fluvial mudstones are of great significance as potential top seals for natural gas accumulations in the Zhanhua depression. Four samples were chosen to represent the range of fine-grained microfacies, from clay-rich to silt-rich to cem... Read More about Microstructure and pore systems of shallow-buried fluvial mudstone caprocks in Zhanhua Depression, east China inferred from SEM and MICP.

Effect of Short-Term Low-Temperature Austempering on the Microstructure and Abrasive Wear of Medium-Carbon Low-Alloy Steel (2021)
Journal Article
Luo, Q., Mei, H., Kitchen, M., Gao, Y., & Bowen, L. (2021). Effect of Short-Term Low-Temperature Austempering on the Microstructure and Abrasive Wear of Medium-Carbon Low-Alloy Steel. Metals and Materials International, 27(9), 3115-3131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00957-6

Nano-bainitic steels have attracted great attention for good wear resistance. In this research, a medium-carbon low-alloyed steel was austempered at a low temperature close to its martensite-start temperature for various times to obtain mixed microst... Read More about Effect of Short-Term Low-Temperature Austempering on the Microstructure and Abrasive Wear of Medium-Carbon Low-Alloy Steel.

Enhanced lifetime of Organic Photovoltaic diodes achieved by blending with PMMA: Impact of morphology and Donor:Acceptor combination (2020)
Journal Article
Nieto-Díaz, B. A., Pearson, C., Al-Busaidi, Z., Bowen, L., Petty, M. C., & Groves, C. (2021). Enhanced lifetime of Organic Photovoltaic diodes achieved by blending with PMMA: Impact of morphology and Donor:Acceptor combination. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 219, Article 110765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2020.110765

In order to realise the potential of organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) to provide cheap, scalable access to renewable energy, it is necessary to improve their lifetime and cost of encapsulation. The aim of this work is to achieve these aims by blen... Read More about Enhanced lifetime of Organic Photovoltaic diodes achieved by blending with PMMA: Impact of morphology and Donor:Acceptor combination.

Microscopic Analysis of Interdiffusion and Void Formation in CdTe(1–x)Sex and CdTe Layers (2020)
Journal Article
Baines, T., Bowen, L., Mendis, B. G., & Major, J. D. (2020). Microscopic Analysis of Interdiffusion and Void Formation in CdTe(1–x)Sex and CdTe Layers. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 12(34), 38070-38075. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c09381

The use of CdSe layers has recently emerged as a route to improving CdTe photovoltaics through the formation of a CdTe(1–x)Sex (CST) phase. However, the extent of the Se diffusion and the influence it has on the CdTe grain structure has not been wide... Read More about Microscopic Analysis of Interdiffusion and Void Formation in CdTe(1–x)Sex and CdTe Layers.

Bacterial nanotubes mediate bacterial growth on periodic nano-pillars (2020)
Journal Article
Cao, Y., Jana, S., Bowen, L., Liu, H., Jakubovics, N. S., & Chen, J. (2020). Bacterial nanotubes mediate bacterial growth on periodic nano-pillars. Soft Matter, 16(32), 7613-7623. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0sm00602e

Surface topography designed to achieve spatial segregation has shown promise in delaying bacterial attachment and biofilm growth. However, the underlying mechanisms linking surface topography to the inhibition of microbial attachment and growth still... Read More about Bacterial nanotubes mediate bacterial growth on periodic nano-pillars.

Cobalt-Doped ZnO Nanorods Coated with Nanoscale Metal-Organic Framework Shells for Water-Splitting Photoanodes (2020)
Journal Article
Galan Gonzalez, A., Sivan, A. K., Hernández Ferrer, J., Bowen, L., Di Mario, L., Martelli, F., …Atkinson, D. (2020). Cobalt-Doped ZnO Nanorods Coated with Nanoscale Metal-Organic Framework Shells for Water-Splitting Photoanodes. ACS Applied Nano Material, 3(8), 7781-7788. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.0c01325

Developing highly efficient and stable photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting electrodes via inexpensive, liquid phase processing is one of the key challenges for the conversion of solar energy into hydrogen for sustainable energy production. ZnO... Read More about Cobalt-Doped ZnO Nanorods Coated with Nanoscale Metal-Organic Framework Shells for Water-Splitting Photoanodes.

Fully controllable silicon nanowire fabricated using optical lithography and orientation dependent oxidation (2020)
Journal Article
Ramadan, S., Bowen, L., Popescu, S., Fu, C., Kwa, K. K., & O'Neill, A. (2020). Fully controllable silicon nanowire fabricated using optical lithography and orientation dependent oxidation. Applied Surface Science, 523, Article 146516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146516

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) exhibit unique electrical, thermal, and optical properties compared to bulk silicon which make them suitable for various device applications. To realize nanowires in real applications, large-scale and low-cost fabrication me... Read More about Fully controllable silicon nanowire fabricated using optical lithography and orientation dependent oxidation.

Isotype Heterojunction Solar Cells Using n-Type Sb2Se3 Thin Films (2020)
Journal Article
Hobson, T. D., Phillips, L. J., Hutter, O. S., Shiel, H., Swallow, J. E., Savory, C. N., …Major, J. D. (2020). Isotype Heterojunction Solar Cells Using n-Type Sb2Se3 Thin Films. Chemistry of Materials, 32(6), 2621-2630. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c00223

The carrier-type of the emerging photovoltaic Sb2Se3 was evaluated for both thin films and bulk crystals via a range of complementary techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), hot probe, Hall effect, and surface photovoltage spectroscopy sh... Read More about Isotype Heterojunction Solar Cells Using n-Type Sb2Se3 Thin Films.

Vertical effective stress and temperature as controls of quartz cementation in sandstones: Evidence from North Sea fulmar and Gulf of Mexico Wilcox sandstones (2020)
Journal Article
Oye, O. J., Aplin, A. C., Jones, S. J., Gluyas, J. G., Bowen, L., Harwood, J., …Valley, J. W. (2020). Vertical effective stress and temperature as controls of quartz cementation in sandstones: Evidence from North Sea fulmar and Gulf of Mexico Wilcox sandstones. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 115, Article 104289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104289

We present quantitative petrographic data, high spatial resolution oxygen isotope analyses of quartz cement, basin modelling and a kinetic model for quartz precipitation for two Paleocene-Eocene Wilcox Group sandstones from Texas and two Jurassic Ful... Read More about Vertical effective stress and temperature as controls of quartz cementation in sandstones: Evidence from North Sea fulmar and Gulf of Mexico Wilcox sandstones.

Hybrid Al2O3-CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskites towards Avoiding Toxic Solvents (2020)
Journal Article
Wyn Jones, E., James Holliman, P., Bowen, L., Connell, A., Kershaw, C., & Elizabeth Meza-Rojas, D. (2020). Hybrid Al2O3-CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskites towards Avoiding Toxic Solvents. Materials, 13(1), Article 243. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010243

We report the synthesis of organometal halide perovskites by milling CH3NH3I and PbI2 directly with an Al2O3 scaffold to create hybrid Al2O3-CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites, without the use of organic capping ligands that otherwise limit the growth of the mat... Read More about Hybrid Al2O3-CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskites towards Avoiding Toxic Solvents.

Organic matter provenance and depositional environment of marine-to-continental mudstones and coals in eastern Ordos Basin, China—Evidence from molecular geochemistry and petrology (2019)
Journal Article
Qi, Y., Ju, Y., Tan, J., Bowen, L., Cai, C., Yu, K., …Zhang, W. (2020). Organic matter provenance and depositional environment of marine-to-continental mudstones and coals in eastern Ordos Basin, China—Evidence from molecular geochemistry and petrology. International Journal of Coal Geology, 217, Article 103345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2019.103345

Cyclothems, composed of interbedded mudstone, coal and sandstone layers, make up the Taiyuan and Shanxi Formations in the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian in North China under a marine-to-continental depositional environment. The cyclothems act as... Read More about Organic matter provenance and depositional environment of marine-to-continental mudstones and coals in eastern Ordos Basin, China—Evidence from molecular geochemistry and petrology.

Hierarchical rose-petal surfaces delay the early-stage bacterial biofilm growth (2019)
Journal Article
Cao, Y., Jana, S., Bowen, L., Tan, X., Liu, H., Rostami, N., …Chen, J. (2019). Hierarchical rose-petal surfaces delay the early-stage bacterial biofilm growth. Langmuir, 35(45), 14670-14680. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02367

A variety of natural surfaces exhibit antibacterial properties; as a result significant efforts in the past decade have been dedicated towards fabrication of biomimetic surfaces that can help control biofilm growth. Examples of such surfaces include... Read More about Hierarchical rose-petal surfaces delay the early-stage bacterial biofilm growth.

Mineralogical evidence for multiple dust sources in an early Triassic loessite (2019)
Journal Article
Wilson, M., Hurst, A., Wilkins, A., Wilson, L., & Bowen, L. (2020). Mineralogical evidence for multiple dust sources in an early Triassic loessite. Sedimentology, 67(1), 239-260. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12641

Loessite present in a borehole into the Smith Bank Formation (early Triassic age, Central North Sea) differentiates five coeval source terranes for aerosol dust, three long distance sources and two local sources. All were active immediately following... Read More about Mineralogical evidence for multiple dust sources in an early Triassic loessite.

Coseismic ultramylonites: An investigation of nanoscale viscous flow and fault weakening during seismic slip (2019)
Journal Article
Pozzi, G., De Paola, N., Holdsworth, R. E., Bowen, L., Nielsen, S. B., & Dempsey, E. D. (2019). Coseismic ultramylonites: An investigation of nanoscale viscous flow and fault weakening during seismic slip. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 516, 164-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.03.042

Faults weaken during the propagation of earthquakes due to the onset of thermally-activated mechanisms, which vary depending on the rock type. Recent experimental work suggests that carbonate-hosted faults are lubricated by viscous flow in nano-granu... Read More about Coseismic ultramylonites: An investigation of nanoscale viscous flow and fault weakening during seismic slip.

Current Enhancement via a TiO2 Window Layer for CSS Sb2Se3 Solar Cells: Performance Limits and High Voc (2018)
Journal Article
Phillips, L. J., Savory, C. N., Hutter, O. S., Yates, P. J., Shiel, H., Mariotti, S., …Major, J. D. (2019). Current Enhancement via a TiO2 Window Layer for CSS Sb2Se3 Solar Cells: Performance Limits and High Voc. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 9(2), 544-551. https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2018.2885836

Antimony selenide (Sb 2 Se 3 ) is an emerging chalcogenide photovoltaic absorber material that has been the subject of increasing interest in recent years, demonstrating rapid efficiency increases with a material that is simple, abundant, and stable.... Read More about Current Enhancement via a TiO2 Window Layer for CSS Sb2Se3 Solar Cells: Performance Limits and High Voc.

A new interpretation for the nature and significance of mirror-like surfaces in experimental carbonate-hosted seismic faults (2018)
Journal Article
Pozzi, G., De Paola, N., Nielsen, S., Holdsworth, R., & Bowen, L. (2018). A new interpretation for the nature and significance of mirror-like surfaces in experimental carbonate-hosted seismic faults. Geology, 46(7), 583-586. https://doi.org/10.1130/g40197.1

Highly reflective, continuous smooth surfaces, known as "mirror-like surfaces" (MSs), have been observed in experimental carbonate-hosted faults, which were sheared at both seismic and aseismic velocities. MSs produced during high-velocity friction e... Read More about A new interpretation for the nature and significance of mirror-like surfaces in experimental carbonate-hosted seismic faults.

Diagenetic and geochemical studies of the Buchan Formation (Upper Devonian) in the Central North Sea (2018)
Journal Article
Tang, L., Gluyas, J., Jones, S., & Bowen, L. (2018). Diagenetic and geochemical studies of the Buchan Formation (Upper Devonian) in the Central North Sea. Petroleum Science, 15(2), 211-229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-018-0232-3

The Upper Devonian Buchan Formation reservoirs in the UK Central North Sea are litharenite/sublitharenite and were deposited in fluvial–aeolian settings. The grain-coating clays in the aeolian sandstones have effectively inhibited quartz overgrowth.... Read More about Diagenetic and geochemical studies of the Buchan Formation (Upper Devonian) in the Central North Sea.

Self-Catalyzed CdTe Wires (2018)
Journal Article
Baines, T., Papageorgiou, G., Hutter, O., Bowen, L., Durose, K., & Major, J. (2018). Self-Catalyzed CdTe Wires. Nanomaterials, 8(5), Article 274. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8050274

CdTe wires have been fabricated via a catalyst free method using the industrially scalable physical vapor deposition technique close space sublimation. Wire growth was shown to be highly dependent on surface roughness and deposition pressure, with on... Read More about Self-Catalyzed CdTe Wires.

Influence of OLA and FA ligands on the optical and electronic properties of Cu 2 ZnSn(S, Se) 4 thin films and solar cells prepared from nanoparticle inks (2018)
Journal Article
Campbell, S., Qu, Y., Bowen, L., Chapon, P., Barrioz, V., Beattie, N., & Zoppi, G. (2018). Influence of OLA and FA ligands on the optical and electronic properties of Cu 2 ZnSn(S, Se) 4 thin films and solar cells prepared from nanoparticle inks. Solar Energy, 175, 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.03.065

The use of formamide (FA) as an alternative capping ligand to oleylamine (OLA) during the preparation of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticle inks was investigated. Photoluminescence properties of the selenised CZTS absorber layers revealed quasi-donor acce... Read More about Influence of OLA and FA ligands on the optical and electronic properties of Cu 2 ZnSn(S, Se) 4 thin films and solar cells prepared from nanoparticle inks.

Incorporation of CdSe layers into CdTe thin film solar cells (2018)
Journal Article
Baines, T., Zoppi, G., Bowen, L., Shalvey, T. P., Mariotti, S., Durose, K., & Major, J. D. (2018). Incorporation of CdSe layers into CdTe thin film solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 180, 196-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2018.03.010

Incorporation of CdSe layers into CdTe thin film solar cells has recently emerged as a route to improve cell performance. It has been suggested that the formation of lower band gap CdTe(1-x)Se(x) phases following Se diffusion induces bandgap grading... Read More about Incorporation of CdSe layers into CdTe thin film solar cells.

Nanostructured titanium surfaces exhibit recalcitrance towards Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation (2018)
Journal Article
Cao, Y., Su, B., Chinnaraj, S., Jana, S., Bowen, L., Charlton, S., …Chen, J. (2018). Nanostructured titanium surfaces exhibit recalcitrance towards Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation. Scientific Reports, 8(1), Article 1071. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19484-x

Titanium-based implants are ubiquitous in the healthcare industries and often suffer from bacterial attachment which results in infections. An innovative method of reducing bacterial growth is to employ nanostructures on implant materials that cause... Read More about Nanostructured titanium surfaces exhibit recalcitrance towards Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation.

Reservoir quality of fluvial sandstone reservoirs in salt-walled mini-basins: an example from the Seagull field, Central Graben, North Sea, UK (2018)
Journal Article
Stricker, S., Jones, S. J., Meadows, N., & Bowen, L. (2018). Reservoir quality of fluvial sandstone reservoirs in salt-walled mini-basins: an example from the Seagull field, Central Graben, North Sea, UK. Petroleum Science, 15(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-017-0206-x

The Triassic fluvial sandstones of the Skagerrak Formation were deposited in a series of salt-walled mini-basins and act as important hydrocarbon reservoirs for several high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) fields in the Central Graben, North Sea. T... Read More about Reservoir quality of fluvial sandstone reservoirs in salt-walled mini-basins: an example from the Seagull field, Central Graben, North Sea, UK.

Photovoltaic performance of CdS/CdTe junctions on ZnO nanorod arrays (2017)
Journal Article
Kartopu, G., Turkay, D., Ozcan, C., Hadibrata, W., Aurang, P., Yerci, S., …Irvine, S. (2018). Photovoltaic performance of CdS/CdTe junctions on ZnO nanorod arrays. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 176, 100-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.11.036

One-dimensional nanostructures, such as nanorod (NR) arrays, are expected to improve the photovoltaic (PV) response of solar cells with an ultrathin absorber due to an increased areal (junction) density and light trapping. We report on the deposition... Read More about Photovoltaic performance of CdS/CdTe junctions on ZnO nanorod arrays.

Carbonate and silicate biomineralization in a hypersaline microbial mat (Mesaieed sabkha, Qatar): Roles of bacteria, extracellular polymeric substances and viruses (2017)
Journal Article
Perri, E., Tucker, M. E., Słowakiewicz, M., Whitaker, F., Bowen, L., & Perrotta, I. D. (2018). Carbonate and silicate biomineralization in a hypersaline microbial mat (Mesaieed sabkha, Qatar): Roles of bacteria, extracellular polymeric substances and viruses. Sedimentology, 65(4), 1213-1245. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12419

In a modern peritidal microbial mat from Qatar, both biomediated carbonates and Mg‐rich clay minerals (palygorskite) were identified. The mat, ca 5 cm thick, shows a clear lamination reflecting different microbial communities. The initial precipitate... Read More about Carbonate and silicate biomineralization in a hypersaline microbial mat (Mesaieed sabkha, Qatar): Roles of bacteria, extracellular polymeric substances and viruses.

P3HT as a pinhole blocking back contact for CdTe thin film solar cells (2017)
Journal Article
Major, J., Phillips, L., Al Turkestani, M., Bowen, L., Whittles, T., Dhanak, V., & Durose, K. (2017). P3HT as a pinhole blocking back contact for CdTe thin film solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 172, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.07.005

A new approach to back contacting CdTe solar cells that uses an organic poly(3-hexythiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) back contact layer is reported. The most striking benefit of P3HT was demonstrated to be through a “pinhole blocking” effect, significantly... Read More about P3HT as a pinhole blocking back contact for CdTe thin film solar cells.

In-depth analysis of chloride treatments for thin-film CdTe solar cells (2016)
Journal Article
Major, J., Al Turkestani, M., Bowen, L., Brossard, M., Li, C., Lagoudakis, P., …Durose, K. (2016). In-depth analysis of chloride treatments for thin-film CdTe solar cells. Nature Communications, 7, Article 13231. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13231

CdTe thin-film solar cells are now the main industrially established alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics. These cells remain reliant on the so-called chloride activation step in order to achieve high conversion efficiencies. Here, by compariso... Read More about In-depth analysis of chloride treatments for thin-film CdTe solar cells.

Development of ZnO nanowire based CdTe thin film solar cells (2016)
Journal Article
Major, J. D., Tena-Zaera, R., Azaceta, E., Bowen, L., & Durose, K. (2017). Development of ZnO nanowire based CdTe thin film solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 160, 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2016.10.024

This work reports on the development of CdTe thin film solar cells grown on ZnO nanowire arrays. The focus was placed on utilising ZnO nanowire arrays as a replacement to the conventional ZnO thin film buffer layer, thereby requiring minimal alterati... Read More about Development of ZnO nanowire based CdTe thin film solar cells.

Evolution of Electronic Circuits using Carbon Nanotube Composites (2016)
Journal Article
Massey, M., Kotsialos, A., Volpati, D., Vissol-Gaudin, E., Pearson, C., Bowen, L., …Petty, M. (2016). Evolution of Electronic Circuits using Carbon Nanotube Composites. Scientific Reports, 6, Article 32197. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32197

Evolution-in-materio concerns the computer controlled manipulation of material systems using external stimuli to train or evolve the material to perform a useful function. In this paper we demonstrate the evolution of a disordered composite material,... Read More about Evolution of Electronic Circuits using Carbon Nanotube Composites.

Evolution of porosity and pore types in organic-rich, calcareous, Lower Toarcian Posidonia Shale (2016)
Journal Article
Mathia, E., Bowen, L., Thomas, K., & Aplin, A. (2016). Evolution of porosity and pore types in organic-rich, calcareous, Lower Toarcian Posidonia Shale. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 75, 117-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.04.009

Low and high resolution petrographic studies have been combined with mineralogical, TOC, RockEval and porosity data to investigate controls on the evolution of porosity in stratigraphically equivalent immature, oil-window and gas-window samples from... Read More about Evolution of porosity and pore types in organic-rich, calcareous, Lower Toarcian Posidonia Shale.

Selective modification of nanoparticle arrays by laser-induced self assembly (MONA-LISA): putting control into bottom-up plasmonic nanostructuring (2016)
Journal Article
Kalfagiannis, N., Siozios, A., Bellas, D. V., Toliopoulos, D., Bowen, L., Pliatsikas, N., …Patsalas, P. (2016). Selective modification of nanoparticle arrays by laser-induced self assembly (MONA-LISA): putting control into bottom-up plasmonic nanostructuring. Nanoscale, 8(15), 8236-8244. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nr09192f

Nano-structuring of metals is one of the greatest challenges for the future of plasmonic and photonic devices. Such a technological challenge calls for the development of ultra-fast, high-throughput and low-cost fabrication techniques. Laser processi... Read More about Selective modification of nanoparticle arrays by laser-induced self assembly (MONA-LISA): putting control into bottom-up plasmonic nanostructuring.

Exceptional reservoir quality in HPHT reservoir settings: examples from the Skagerrak Formation of the Heron Cluster, UK, North Sea (2016)
Journal Article
Stricker, S., Jones, S., Sathar, S., Bowen, L., & Oxtoby, N. (2016). Exceptional reservoir quality in HPHT reservoir settings: examples from the Skagerrak Formation of the Heron Cluster, UK, North Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 77, 198-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.02.003

As the exploration of hydrocarbons moves into more complex and deeper basinal settings the need to understand the effect of high temperatures and high pressures on reservoir quality and rock properties becomes even more important. The fluvial channel... Read More about Exceptional reservoir quality in HPHT reservoir settings: examples from the Skagerrak Formation of the Heron Cluster, UK, North Sea.

The ultrastructure of subgingival dental plaque, revealed by high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (2015)
Journal Article
Holliday, R., Preshaw, P. M., Bowen, L., & Jakubovics, N. S. (2015). The ultrastructure of subgingival dental plaque, revealed by high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy. BDJ Open, 1(1), Article 15003. https://doi.org/10.1038/bdjopen.2015.3

Objectives/Aims: To explore the ultrastructure of subgingival dental plaque using high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and to investigate whether extracellular DNA (eDNA) could be visualised in ex vivo samples. Materia... Read More about The ultrastructure of subgingival dental plaque, revealed by high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy.

A Comparative Study of the Effects of Nontoxic Chloride Treatments on CdTe Solar Cell Microstructure and Stoichiometry (2015)
Journal Article
Williams, B. L., Major, J. D., Bowen, L., Keuning, W., Creatore, M., & Durose, K. (2015). A Comparative Study of the Effects of Nontoxic Chloride Treatments on CdTe Solar Cell Microstructure and Stoichiometry. Advanced Energy Materials, 5(21), Article 1500554. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201500554

This work presents the first systematic comparison of the effects of a range of chlorides (CdCl2, MgCl2, NaCl, and NH4Cl) on the microstructure and chemical composition of CdTe/CdS/ZnO/SnO2 solar cells, providing valuable insight to the ubiquitous Cl... Read More about A Comparative Study of the Effects of Nontoxic Chloride Treatments on CdTe Solar Cell Microstructure and Stoichiometry.

Towards a Mechanistic Understanding of Carbon Stabilization in Manganese Oxides (2015)
Journal Article
Johnson, K., Purvis, G., Lopez-Capel, E., Peacock, C., Gray, N., Wagner, T., …Greenwell, C. (2015). Towards a Mechanistic Understanding of Carbon Stabilization in Manganese Oxides. Nature Communications, 6, Article 7628. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8628

Minerals stabilize organic carbon (OC) in sediments, thereby directly affecting global climate at multiple scales, but how they do it is far from understood. Here we show that manganese oxide (Mn oxide) in a water treatment works filter bed traps dis... Read More about Towards a Mechanistic Understanding of Carbon Stabilization in Manganese Oxides.

Computing with carbon nanotubes: optimization of threshold logic gates using disordered nanotube/polymer composites (2015)
Journal Article
Massey, M., Kotsialos, A., Qaiser, F., Zeze, D., Pearson, C., Volpati, D., …Petty, M. (2015). Computing with carbon nanotubes: optimization of threshold logic gates using disordered nanotube/polymer composites. Journal of Applied Physics, 117(13), Article 134903. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4915343

This paper explores the use of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/poly(butyl methacrylate) composites as a material for use in unconventional computing. The mechanical and electrical properties of the materials are investigated. The resulting data... Read More about Computing with carbon nanotubes: optimization of threshold logic gates using disordered nanotube/polymer composites.

NH 4 Cl Alternative to the CdCl 2 Treatment Step for CdTe Thin-Film Solar Cells (2014)
Journal Article
Major, J. D., Bowen, L., Treharne, R. E., Phillips, L. J., & Durose, K. (2015). NH 4 Cl Alternative to the CdCl 2 Treatment Step for CdTe Thin-Film Solar Cells. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 5(1), 386-389. https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2014.2362296

The CdCl 2 treatment is a key step in CdTe solar cell fabrication. However, despite its near ubiquitous use, the process is nonideal as CdCl 2 is both expensive and potentially hazardous to utilize in processing. In this paper, we report on the devel... Read More about NH 4 Cl Alternative to the CdCl 2 Treatment Step for CdTe Thin-Film Solar Cells.

Assessment of photovoltaic junction position using combined focused ion beam and electron beam-induced current analysis of close space sublimation deposited CdTe solar cells (2014)
Journal Article
Major, J. D., Bowen, L., Treharne, R., & Durose, K. (2014). Assessment of photovoltaic junction position using combined focused ion beam and electron beam-induced current analysis of close space sublimation deposited CdTe solar cells. Progress in Photovoltaics, 22(10), 1096-1104. https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2507

A major limitation of the cross‐section electron beam‐induced current method—the use of roughly fractured surfaces to provide the cross‐section—has been overcome with the use of focused ion beam microscope sample preparation. Using this method, it wa... Read More about Assessment of photovoltaic junction position using combined focused ion beam and electron beam-induced current analysis of close space sublimation deposited CdTe solar cells.

A gradient of matrix-bound FGF-2 and perlecan is available to lens epithelial cells (2014)
Journal Article
Wu, W., Tholozan, F., Goldberg, M., Bowen, L., Wu, J., & Quinlan, R. (2014). A gradient of matrix-bound FGF-2 and perlecan is available to lens epithelial cells. Experimental Eye Research, 120, 10-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2013.12.004

Fibroblast growth factors play a key role in regulating lens epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation via an anteroposterior gradient that exists between the aqueous and vitreous humours. FGF-2 is the most important for lens epithelial cell... Read More about A gradient of matrix-bound FGF-2 and perlecan is available to lens epithelial cells.

Novel TEM sample preparation using XeF2 selective Etching (2014)
Journal Article
Ambrosini, S. F., Bowen, L., Mendis, B., Cirlin, G., Bouravleuv, A., Gallant, A., …Zeze, D. (2014). Novel TEM sample preparation using XeF2 selective Etching. MRS proceedings, 1659, 149-153. https://doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.209

We present a new approach to prepare Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) nanowire (NW) samples that addresses the core drawbacks of conventional techniques, which are based on mechanical polishing. The proposed method is time efficient and uses Xe... Read More about Novel TEM sample preparation using XeF2 selective Etching.

Challenges and prospects for developing CdS/CdTe substrate solar cells on Mo foils (2014)
Journal Article
Williams, B., Major, J., Bowen, L., Phillips, L., Zoppi, G., Forbes, I., & Durose, K. (2014). Challenges and prospects for developing CdS/CdTe substrate solar cells on Mo foils. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 124, 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.01.017

ITO/ZnO/CdS/CdTe/Mo solar cells have been grown in the substrate configuration by a combination of close-space sublimation and RF sputtering. A peak efficiency of 8.01% was achieved. A two stage CdCl2 annealing process was developed, with the first s... Read More about Challenges and prospects for developing CdS/CdTe substrate solar cells on Mo foils.

Focused ion beam and field-emission microscopy of metallic filaments in memory devices based on thin films of an ambipolar organic compound consisting of oxadiazole, carbazole and fluorene units (2013)
Journal Article
Pearson, C., Bowen, L., Lee, M., Fisher, A., Linton, K., Bryce, M., & Petty, M. (2013). Focused ion beam and field-emission microscopy of metallic filaments in memory devices based on thin films of an ambipolar organic compound consisting of oxadiazole, carbazole and fluorene units. Applied Physics Letters, 102(21), https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4808026

We report on the mechanism of operation of organic thin film resistive memory architectures based on an ambipolar compound consisting of oxadiazole, carbazole, and fluorene units. Cross-sections of the devices have been imaged by electron microscopy... Read More about Focused ion beam and field-emission microscopy of metallic filaments in memory devices based on thin films of an ambipolar organic compound consisting of oxadiazole, carbazole and fluorene units.

The structure of volcanic cristobalite in relation to its toxicity; relevance for the variable crystalline silica hazard (2012)
Journal Article
Horwell, C., Williamson, B., Donaldson, K., Le Blond, J., Damby, D., & Bowen, L. (2012). The structure of volcanic cristobalite in relation to its toxicity; relevance for the variable crystalline silica hazard. Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 9, Article 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-9-44

Background: Respirable crystalline silica (RCS) continues to pose a risk to human health worldwide. Its variable toxicity depends on inherent characteristics and external factors which influence surface chemistry. Significant population exposure to R... Read More about The structure of volcanic cristobalite in relation to its toxicity; relevance for the variable crystalline silica hazard.

A contactless method for measuring the recombination velocity of an individual grain boundary in thin-film photovoltaics (2010)
Journal Article
Mendis, B., Bowen, L., & Jiang, Q. (2010). A contactless method for measuring the recombination velocity of an individual grain boundary in thin-film photovoltaics. Applied Physics Letters, 97(9), Article 092112. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3486482

A cathodoluminescence-based, contactless method for extracting the bulk minority carrier diffusion length and reduced recombination velocity of an individual grain boundary is applied to vapor grown CdTe epitaxial films. The measured diffusion length... Read More about A contactless method for measuring the recombination velocity of an individual grain boundary in thin-film photovoltaics.