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Professor Barend Van Leeuwen's Outputs (26)

Patient Choice, Medical Ethics and Free Movement of Patients: The "Emancipation" of the Cross-Border Healthcare Directive (2023)
Journal Article
Van Leeuwen, B. (2023). Patient Choice, Medical Ethics and Free Movement of Patients: The "Emancipation" of the Cross-Border Healthcare Directive. European law review, 48(6), 662-680

As the free movement rights of patients are based on their entitlements under their national healthcare system, the exercise of these rights is not supposed to increase patient choice. Nevertheless, in the field of medical ethics, patients are likely... Read More about Patient Choice, Medical Ethics and Free Movement of Patients: The "Emancipation" of the Cross-Border Healthcare Directive.

The Doctor in Free Movement Law: Expertise, Duty, and Accountability (2023)
Journal Article
Van Leeuwen, B. (2023). The Doctor in Free Movement Law: Expertise, Duty, and Accountability. The Cambridge yearbook of European legal studies, 25, 198-224. https://doi.org/10.1017/cel.2023.13

This Article provides an empirical analysis of all free movement of doctors cases decided by the CJEU. The aim of the Article is twofold: to provide a ‘characterisation’ of the type of doctors who rely on free movement law, and to make a link between... Read More about The Doctor in Free Movement Law: Expertise, Duty, and Accountability.

From Discipline to Quality of Care: How Neurologists Can Learn from Decisions of Disciplinary Tribunals (2022)
Journal Article
Gimbel, I., Mostert, M., Van Leeuwen, B., & Van Leeuwen, R. (2022). From Discipline to Quality of Care: How Neurologists Can Learn from Decisions of Disciplinary Tribunals. European Neurology, 85(3), 202-207. https://doi.org/10.1159/000521391

Background: One of the primary aims of medical disciplinary law is to improve the quality of care. However, the decisions of disciplinary tribunals are not sufficiently analysed to identify the learning elements. Aim: This study aimed to investigate... Read More about From Discipline to Quality of Care: How Neurologists Can Learn from Decisions of Disciplinary Tribunals.

Legal Empathy in the Internal Market: Free Movement Law as a Comparative Dialogue (2021)
Journal Article
Van Leeuwen, B. (2021). Legal Empathy in the Internal Market: Free Movement Law as a Comparative Dialogue. European law review, 46(5), 625-646

This paper characterises and analyses free movement law as an exercise in legal empathy. Negative integration in the internal market is based on and facilitated by differences in national laws, which are explored through the free movement provisions.... Read More about Legal Empathy in the Internal Market: Free Movement Law as a Comparative Dialogue.

Free Movement of Life? The Interaction Between the Best Interests Test and the Right to Freely Receive Services in Tafida Raqeeb (2020)
Journal Article
Van Leeuwen, B. (2020). Free Movement of Life? The Interaction Between the Best Interests Test and the Right to Freely Receive Services in Tafida Raqeeb. Public Law, 398-408

Comments on Raqeeb v Barts NHS Foundation Trust (Admin) on whether parents had the right to take their child to Italy for continuing care after UK doctors recommended that treatment be withdrawn. Discusses the distinction between the best interests t... Read More about Free Movement of Life? The Interaction Between the Best Interests Test and the Right to Freely Receive Services in Tafida Raqeeb.

Towards Europeanisation Through the Proportionality Test? The Impact of Free Movement Law on Medical Professional Discipline (2020)
Journal Article
Van Leeuwen, B. (2020). Towards Europeanisation Through the Proportionality Test? The Impact of Free Movement Law on Medical Professional Discipline. European Law Journal: Review of European Law in Context, 26(1-2), 61-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12362

Medical doctors can exercise their free movement rights to escape the control of professional regulation at the national level. This “darker side” of free movement of doctors has received a lot of attention. This article will show that the free movem... Read More about Towards Europeanisation Through the Proportionality Test? The Impact of Free Movement Law on Medical Professional Discipline.

The Patient in Free Movement Law: Medical History, Diagnosis and Prognosis (2019)
Journal Article
Van Leeuwen, B. (2019). The Patient in Free Movement Law: Medical History, Diagnosis and Prognosis. The Cambridge yearbook of European legal studies, 21, 162-186. https://doi.org/10.1017/cel.2019.5

Free movement of patients has been criticised from the moment that the first patient cases reached the CJEU. The moving patient supposedly increases consumerism, reduces national solidarity and has a negative impact on the quality of healthcare provi... Read More about The Patient in Free Movement Law: Medical History, Diagnosis and Prognosis.

Market Access, The New Approach And Private Law (2019)
Journal Article
Van Leeuwen, B. (2019). Market Access, The New Approach And Private Law. European Review of Private Law, 27(2), 269-292

In James Elliott and Schmitt, the ECJ refused to extend the scope of application of European standards adopted under the New Approach to private law disputes. This article argues that the ECJ’s judgments were based on a static interpretation of the c... Read More about Market Access, The New Approach And Private Law.

Standardisation in the Internal Market for Services: An Effective Alternative to Harmonisation? (2018)
Journal Article
Van Leeuwen, B. (2018). Standardisation in the Internal Market for Services: An Effective Alternative to Harmonisation?. Revue internationale de droit économique, 32(3), 319-332

The New Approach gives an important role to European standardisation in the improvement of the internal market for goods. Such a New Approach does not exist for services. For services, it is more difficult to maintain the distinction between law and... Read More about Standardisation in the Internal Market for Services: An Effective Alternative to Harmonisation?.

Euthanasia and the Ethics of Free Movement Law: The Principle of Recognition in the Internal Market (2018)
Journal Article
Van Leeuwen, B. (2018). Euthanasia and the Ethics of Free Movement Law: The Principle of Recognition in the Internal Market. German law journal, 19(6), 1417-1436

The free movement provisions enable EU citizens to follow their own ethical preferences by going to a Member State that has made a different ethical choice from their home Member State. However, UK citizens who have assisted suicide or euthanasia abr... Read More about Euthanasia and the Ethics of Free Movement Law: The Principle of Recognition in the Internal Market.

Position Paper on the Fitness Check of EU Consumer Law (2018)
Journal Article
Colombi Ciacchi, A., Hodges, C., Van Leeuwen, B., Mak, V., Micklitz, H., Rueda, I., Van Schagen, E., & Weatherill, S. (2018). Position Paper on the Fitness Check of EU Consumer Law. European Review of Private Law, 26(5), 703-706

The liability of notified bodies under the EU's New Approach: the implications of the PIP breast implants case (2018)
Journal Article
Verbruggen, P., & Van Leeuwen, B. (2018). The liability of notified bodies under the EU's New Approach: the implications of the PIP breast implants case. European law review, 43(3), 394-409

In this article, we analyse the consequences of the CJEU’s judgment in Schmitt , a preliminary reference concerning the potential liability of the notified body TÜV Rheinland vis-à-vis women who had received breast implants produced by the French man... Read More about The liability of notified bodies under the EU's New Approach: the implications of the PIP breast implants case.

Rethinking the Structure of Free Movement Law: The Centralisation of Proportionality in the Internal Market (2017)
Journal Article
Van Leeuwen, B. (2017). Rethinking the Structure of Free Movement Law: The Centralisation of Proportionality in the Internal Market. European Journal of Legal Studies, 10(1), 235-265

This article analyses three important developments in EU free movement law from the perspective of the structure of free movement law. Each of these developments – market access, horizontal direct effect and the assimilation of justifications – is ca... Read More about Rethinking the Structure of Free Movement Law: The Centralisation of Proportionality in the Internal Market.

Vaste verkoopprijzen voor medicijnen beoordeeld onder artikel 34 VWEU (2017)
Journal Article
Van Leeuwen, B. (2017). Vaste verkoopprijzen voor medicijnen beoordeeld onder artikel 34 VWEU. Nederlands tijdschrift voor Europees recht, 62-67. https://doi.org/10.5553/nter/138241202017023003004

In Deutsche Parkinson Vereinigung oordeelt het Hof van Justitie dat het Duitse vaste verkoopprijssysteem voor medicijnen artikel 34 VWEU schendt. Deze bijdrage analyseert op welke manier het Hof van Justitie een beperking van artikel 34 VWEU heeft va... Read More about Vaste verkoopprijzen voor medicijnen beoordeeld onder artikel 34 VWEU.

The Doctor, the Patient, and EU Law: The Impact of Free Movement Law on Quality Standards in the Healthcare Sector (2016)
Journal Article
Van Leeuwen, B. (2016). The Doctor, the Patient, and EU Law: The Impact of Free Movement Law on Quality Standards in the Healthcare Sector. European law review, 41(5), 638-654

This article analyses the impact of the free movement provisions on quality of healthcare in the EU. The application of the free movement provisions in the healthcare sector has restricted the freedom of Member States to set their own medical standar... Read More about The Doctor, the Patient, and EU Law: The Impact of Free Movement Law on Quality Standards in the Healthcare Sector.

Bottom Up or Rock Bottom Harmonization? Francovich State Liability in National Courts. (2016)
Journal Article
Condon, R., & Van Leeuwen, B. (2016). Bottom Up or Rock Bottom Harmonization? Francovich State Liability in National Courts. Yearbook of European Law, 35(1), 229-290. https://doi.org/10.1093/yel/yew004

This article presents the first results of a research project on the application of Francovich State liability by national courts. Research has been undertaken in ten Member States to identify all the cases in which State liability on the basis of th... Read More about Bottom Up or Rock Bottom Harmonization? Francovich State Liability in National Courts..

La responsabilité des organismes notifiés du fait d’implants mammaires défectueux: TÜV Rheinland devant les tribunaux français et allemands (2015)
Journal Article
Van Leeuwen, B. (2015). La responsabilité des organismes notifiés du fait d’implants mammaires défectueux: TÜV Rheinland devant les tribunaux français et allemands. Revue internationale de droit économique, 29(1), 69-85. https://doi.org/10.3917/ride.291.0069

Les répercussions du scandale relatif aux implants mammaires PIP en France touchent au cœur des fondements de la nouvelle approche relative aux marchandises mise en place par l’Union européenne. Deux histoires se rencontrent – d’une part, l’histoire... Read More about La responsabilité des organismes notifiés du fait d’implants mammaires défectueux: TÜV Rheinland devant les tribunaux français et allemands.