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Understanding wind turbine power converter reliability under realistic wind conditions (2024)
Journal Article
Alsaadi, S., Crabtree, C. J., Matthews, P. C., & Shahbazi, M. (2024). Understanding wind turbine power converter reliability under realistic wind conditions. IET Power Electronics, 17(4), 524-533. https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12670

The reliability of wind turbine power converters is crucial for analyzing wind energy project costs, and for estimating maintenance and downtime. The published literature in this field relies on evaluating the reliability effect of wind speed to esti... Read More about Understanding wind turbine power converter reliability under realistic wind conditions.

Convolutional neural network framework for wind turbine electromechanical fault detection (2023)
Journal Article
Stone, E., Giani, S., Zappalá, D., & Crabtree, C. (2023). Convolutional neural network framework for wind turbine electromechanical fault detection. Wind Energy, 26(10), 1082 - 1097. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2857

Effective and timely health monitoring of wind turbine gearboxes and generators is essential to reduce the costs of operations and maintenance activities, especially offshore. This paper presents a scalable and lightweight Convolutional Neural Networ... Read More about Convolutional neural network framework for wind turbine electromechanical fault detection.

Integrated condition-based maintenance modelling and optimisation for offshore wind farms (2021)
Journal Article
Dao, C. D., Kazemtabrizi, B., Crabtree, C. J., & Tavner, P. J. (2021). Integrated condition-based maintenance modelling and optimisation for offshore wind farms. Wind Energy, 24(11), 1180-1198. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2625

Maintenance is essential in keeping wind energy assets operating efficiently. With the development of advanced condition monitoring, diagnostics and prognostics, condition‐based maintenance has attracted much attention in the offshore wind industry i... Read More about Integrated condition-based maintenance modelling and optimisation for offshore wind farms.

Offshore Wind Turbine Reliability and Operational Simulation under Uncertainties (2020)
Journal Article
Dao, C. D., Kazemtabrizi, B., & Crabtree, C. J. (2020). Offshore Wind Turbine Reliability and Operational Simulation under Uncertainties. Wind Energy, 23(10), 1919-1938. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2526

The fast‐growing offshore wind energy sector brings opportunities to provide a sustainable energy resource but also challenges in offshore wind turbine (OWT) operation and maintenance management. Existing operational simulation models assume determin... Read More about Offshore Wind Turbine Reliability and Operational Simulation under Uncertainties.

Simplified Automatic Fault Detection in Wind Turbine Induction Generators (2020)
Journal Article
Brigham, K., Zappalá, D., Crabtree, C., & Donaghy-Spargo, C. (2020). Simplified Automatic Fault Detection in Wind Turbine Induction Generators. Wind Energy, 23(4), 1135-1144. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2478

This paper presents a simplified automated fault detection scheme for wind turbine induction generators with rotor electrical asymmetries. Fault indicators developed in previous works have made use of the presence of significant spectral peaks in the... Read More about Simplified Automatic Fault Detection in Wind Turbine Induction Generators.

Validation of a non-contact technique for torque measurements in wind turbines using an enhanced transient FSV approach (2019)
Journal Article
Zhang, G., Zappalá, D., Crabtree, C., Donaghy-Spargo, C., Hogg, S., & Duffy, A. (2020). Validation of a non-contact technique for torque measurements in wind turbines using an enhanced transient FSV approach. Measurement, 151, Article 107261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.107261

In-service turbine monitoring is essential for maximizing the wind energy contribution to the global energy budget. Measurement of turbine shaft torque under transient wind conditions is fundamental to develop reliable condition monitoring techniques... Read More about Validation of a non-contact technique for torque measurements in wind turbines using an enhanced transient FSV approach.

Wind Turbine Reliability Data Review and Impacts on Levelised Cost of Energy (2019)
Journal Article
Dao, C. D., Kazemtabrizi, B., & Crabtree, C. J. (2019). Wind Turbine Reliability Data Review and Impacts on Levelised Cost of Energy. Wind Energy, 22(12), 1848-1871. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2404

Reliability is critical to the design, operation, maintenance, and performance assessment and improvement of wind turbines (WTs). This paper systematically reviews publicly available reliability data for both onshore and offshore WTs and investigates... Read More about Wind Turbine Reliability Data Review and Impacts on Levelised Cost of Energy.

Star Type Wireless Sensor Network for Future Distributed Structural Health Monitoring Applications (2019)
Journal Article
Meech, J., Crabtree, C., & Rácz, Z. (2019). Star Type Wireless Sensor Network for Future Distributed Structural Health Monitoring Applications. Inventions, 4(1), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions4010006

A star type wireless sensor network based on nine-axis micro-electromechanical inertial motion sensors with the potential to include up to 254 sensor nodes is presented, and an investigation into the mechanical and structural effects of bell ringing... Read More about Star Type Wireless Sensor Network for Future Distributed Structural Health Monitoring Applications.

Power Converter Junction Temperature Measurement using Infra-red Sensors (2019)
Journal Article
Smith, C., Zappalá, D., Crabtree, C., Lapiedra, J., & Mulholland, B. (2019). Power Converter Junction Temperature Measurement using Infra-red Sensors. Journal of Engineering, 2019(17), 4452-4456. https://doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.8098

Studies demonstrate that the power converter has one of the highest failure rates in a wind turbine, with a key failure driver being the power module junction temperature ( T j ). This paper details an experimental setup for simplified emulation of w... Read More about Power Converter Junction Temperature Measurement using Infra-red Sensors.

Electrical & Mechanical Diagnostic Indicators of Wind Turbine Induction Generator Rotor Faults (2018)
Journal Article
Zappalá, D., Sarma, N., Djurović, S., Crabtree, C., Mohammad, A., & Tavner, P. (2019). Electrical & Mechanical Diagnostic Indicators of Wind Turbine Induction Generator Rotor Faults. Renewable Energy, 131, 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.06.098

In MW-sized wind turbines, the most widely-used generator is the wound rotor induction machine, with a partially-rated voltage source converter connected to the rotor. This generator is a significant cause of wind turbine fault modes. In this paper,... Read More about Electrical & Mechanical Diagnostic Indicators of Wind Turbine Induction Generator Rotor Faults.

Non-intrusive torque measurement for rotating shafts using optical sensing of zebra-tapes (2018)
Journal Article
Zappalá, D., Bezziccheri, M., Crabtree, C., & Paone, N. (2018). Non-intrusive torque measurement for rotating shafts using optical sensing of zebra-tapes. Measurement Science and Technology, 29(6), Article 065207. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aab74a

Non-intrusive, reliable and precise torque measurement is critical to dynamic performance monitoring, control and condition monitoring of rotating mechanical systems. This paper presents a novel, contactless torque measurement system consisting of tw... Read More about Non-intrusive torque measurement for rotating shafts using optical sensing of zebra-tapes.

An Effective Approach for Rotor Electrical Asymmetry Detection in Wind Turbine DFIGs (2018)
Journal Article
Ibrahim, R. K., Watson, S. J., Djurović, S., & Crabtree, C. J. (2018). An Effective Approach for Rotor Electrical Asymmetry Detection in Wind Turbine DFIGs. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 65(11), 8872-8881. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2811373

Determining the magnitude of particular fault signature components (FSCs) generated by wind turbine (WT) faults from current signals has been used as an effective way to detect early abnormalities. However, the WT current signals are time-varying due... Read More about An Effective Approach for Rotor Electrical Asymmetry Detection in Wind Turbine DFIGs.

Impact of wind conditions on thermal loading of PMSG wind turbine power converters (2017)
Journal Article
Smith, C., Crabtree, C., & Matthews, P. (2017). Impact of wind conditions on thermal loading of PMSG wind turbine power converters. IET Power Electronics, 10(11), 1268-1278. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2016.0802

Power converter reliability is critical for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbines. Converter failures are linked to power module thermal loading but studies often neglect turbine dynamics, control and the impact of wind speed sa... Read More about Impact of wind conditions on thermal loading of PMSG wind turbine power converters.

Monitoring Wind Turbine Loading Using Power Converter Signals (2016)
Journal Article
Rieg, C., Smith, C., & Crabtree, C. (2016). Monitoring Wind Turbine Loading Using Power Converter Signals. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 749(1), Article 012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/749/1/012018

The ability to detect faults and predict loads on a wind turbine drivetrain's mechanical components cost-effectively is critical to making the cost of wind energy competitive. In order to investigate whether this is possible using the readily availab... Read More about Monitoring Wind Turbine Loading Using Power Converter Signals.

Wind Energy: UK Experiences and Offshore Operational Challenges (2015)
Journal Article
Crabtree, C., Zappalá, D., & Hogg, S. (2015). Wind Energy: UK Experiences and Offshore Operational Challenges. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 229(7), 727-746. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957650915597560

This paper presents a discussion of the development of wind energy generation in the United Kingdom and the challenges faced by the wind industry including reliability, performance and condition monitoring, particularly in the offshore environment. T... Read More about Wind Energy: UK Experiences and Offshore Operational Challenges.

Detection of Rotor Electrical Asymmetry in Wind Turbine Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (2014)
Journal Article
Zaggout, M., Tavner, P., Crabtree, C., & Ran, L. (2014). Detection of Rotor Electrical Asymmetry in Wind Turbine Doubly-Fed Induction Generators. IET Renewable Power Generation, 8(8), 878-886. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2013.0324

This study presents a new technique for detecting rotor electrical faults in wind turbine doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs), controlled by a stator field-oriented vector control scheme. This is a novel method aimed at detecting and identifying... Read More about Detection of Rotor Electrical Asymmetry in Wind Turbine Doubly-Fed Induction Generators.

Side-band algorithm for automatic wind turbine gearbox fault detection and diagnosis (2014)
Journal Article
Zappalá, D., Tavner, P., Crabtree, C., & Sheng, S. (2014). Side-band algorithm for automatic wind turbine gearbox fault detection and diagnosis. IET Renewable Power Generation, 8(4), 380-389. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2013.0177

Improving the availability of wind turbines is critical for minimising the cost of wind energy, especially offshore. The development of reliable and cost-effective gearbox condition monitoring systems (CMSs) is of concern to the wind industry, becaus... Read More about Side-band algorithm for automatic wind turbine gearbox fault detection and diagnosis.

Wind turbine condition monitoring : technical and commercial challenges (2012)
Journal Article
Yang, W., Tavner, P. J., Crabtree, C. J., Feng, Y., & Qiu, Y. (2014). Wind turbine condition monitoring : technical and commercial challenges. Wind Energy, 17(5), 673-693. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1508

Deployment of larger scale wind turbine systems, particularly offshore, requires more organized operation and maintenance strategies to ensure systems are safe, profitable and cost-effective. Among existing maintenance strategies, reliability centred... Read More about Wind turbine condition monitoring : technical and commercial challenges.

Monitoring wind turbine gearboxes (2012)
Journal Article
Feng, Y., Qiu, Y., Crabtree, C., Long, H., & Tavner, P. (2012). Monitoring wind turbine gearboxes. Wind Energy, 16(5), 728-740. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1521

Concerns amongst wind turbine (WT) operators about gearbox reliability arise from complex repair procedures, high replacement costs and long downtimes leading to revenue losses. Therefore, reliable monitoring for the detection, diagnosis and predicti... Read More about Monitoring wind turbine gearboxes.