All Outputs (80)

Does school matter for children's cognitive and non‐cognitive learning? Findings from a natural experiment in Pakistan and India (2025)
Journal Article
Siddiqui, N., Gorard, S., Bulsari, S., See, B. H., Dixon, P., Saeed, S., Hamza, S., & Pandya, K. (online). Does school matter for children's cognitive and non‐cognitive learning? Findings from a natural experiment in Pakistan and India. British Educational Research Journal, https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.4147

This paper reports on the findings of a natural experiment based on a sample of 1123 children aged 4–8 from the provinces of Punjab in Pakistan, and Gujarat in India. It looks at the impact of attendance (or not) in early schooling on the cognitive a... Read More about Does school matter for children's cognitive and non‐cognitive learning? Findings from a natural experiment in Pakistan and India.

The impact of student:teacher ethnic congruence on student treatment and relationships at school: an international review of evidence (2025)
Journal Article
Gorard, S., Tereshchenko, A., Gao, Y., See, B., Siddiqui, N., & Demie, F. (2025). The impact of student:teacher ethnic congruence on student treatment and relationships at school: an international review of evidence. Review of Education Studies, 5(1), https://doi.org/10.71002/res.v5n1p9

There has been growing interest in and concern over the disproportionality of the ethnicity of school teachers compared to the ethnicity of the students they teach, especially in the US where much of the research is focussed. Similar issues arise in... Read More about The impact of student:teacher ethnic congruence on student treatment and relationships at school: an international review of evidence.

Do school exclusions and attainment outcomes disproportionately impact minority ethnic pupils? Analysis of pupil characteristics, segregation, and outcomes in England (2024)
Journal Article
Gorard, S., Siddiqui, N., See, B. H., & Gao, Y. (2025). Do school exclusions and attainment outcomes disproportionately impact minority ethnic pupils? Analysis of pupil characteristics, segregation, and outcomes in England. Education Sciences, 15(1), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15010006

Large-scale administrative datasets show disproportionate figures for attainment outcomes and school exclusions for pupils in some ethnic groups in England. This surface gap in attainment and school exclusion is concerning, and we consider whether et... Read More about Do school exclusions and attainment outcomes disproportionately impact minority ethnic pupils? Analysis of pupil characteristics, segregation, and outcomes in England.

Leadership for teacher retention: exploring the evidence base on why and how to support teacher autonomy, development, and voice (2024)
Journal Article
Nguyen, D., See, B. H., Brown, C., & Kokotsaki, D. (online). Leadership for teacher retention: exploring the evidence base on why and how to support teacher autonomy, development, and voice. Oxford Review of Education, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2024.2432635

Teacher retention has been a persistent challenge globally. School leadership plays a central role in retaining teachers. Drawing on a major review of 355 research outputs, this article develops and discusses an international empirical evidence base... Read More about Leadership for teacher retention: exploring the evidence base on why and how to support teacher autonomy, development, and voice.

Factors related to the recruitment and retention of ethnic minority teachers: What are the barriers and facilitators? (2024)
Journal Article
See, B. H., Gorard, S., Gao, Y., Hitt, L., Siddiqui, N., Demie, F., Tereshchenko, A., & El Soufi, N. (2024). Factors related to the recruitment and retention of ethnic minority teachers: What are the barriers and facilitators?. Review of Education, 12(3), Article e70005. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.70005

This paper reports on the findings of a comprehensive structured review of the factors that can help explain and perhaps improve the recruitment and retention of ethnic minority teachers in schools. This issue has been a policy concern in several cou... Read More about Factors related to the recruitment and retention of ethnic minority teachers: What are the barriers and facilitators?.

What are the key predictors of international teacher shortages? (2024)
Journal Article
Gorard, S., Ledger, M., See, B. H., & Morris, R. (online). What are the key predictors of international teacher shortages?. Research Papers in Education, https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2024.2414427

Recurrent teacher shortages have been a long-standing problem for many countries. Popular strategies to attract and retain teachers, used over several decades across the world, include bursaries, scholarships, performance-related pay, professional de... Read More about What are the key predictors of international teacher shortages?.

Improving the recruitment and retention of ethnic minority teachers: What is the evidence on the best approach? (2024)
Journal Article
See, B., Gorard, S., Gao, Y., Hitt, L., Demie, F., Tereshchenko, A., Siddiqui, N., & el Soufi, N. (in press). Improving the recruitment and retention of ethnic minority teachers: What is the evidence on the best approach?. Review of Education,

This paper reports on the findings of a comprehensive structured review of the factors that can help explain and perhaps improve the recruitment and retention of ethnic minority teachers in schools. This issue has been a policy concern in several cou... Read More about Improving the recruitment and retention of ethnic minority teachers: What is the evidence on the best approach?.

Why are ethnic minority teacher paid differently in England: a preliminary analysis of the School Workforce Census (2024)
Journal Article
Gorard, S., Gao, Y., Siddiqui, N., & See, B. H. (2024). Why are ethnic minority teacher paid differently in England: a preliminary analysis of the School Workforce Census. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(3s), https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.803318S

This paper uses data from the School Workforce Census in England, 2015-2022, to examine differential pay rates for teachers of different ethnic groups. Part of the reason for this is to help understand why ethnic minority teachers are under-represent... Read More about Why are ethnic minority teacher paid differently in England: a preliminary analysis of the School Workforce Census.

A structured review of the potential role of school leaders in making teaching more attractive (2024)
Journal Article
See, B. H., Gorard, S., El Soufi, N., Ledger, M., Morris, R., Maude, K., & Ivarsson-Keng, N. (online). A structured review of the potential role of school leaders in making teaching more attractive. Educational Review, https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2024.2392565

Some attempts to address the worldwide shortage of teachers focus on raising the prestige of teaching, and making the occupation more appealing. Teacher job satisfaction and well-being have been identified as important factors linked to the status of... Read More about A structured review of the potential role of school leaders in making teaching more attractive.

Insights into UK Teachers’ Wellbeing and Workload during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: Testimonies from the Silent Voices and Lessons Learnt (2024)
Journal Article
See, B. H. (2024). Insights into UK Teachers’ Wellbeing and Workload during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: Testimonies from the Silent Voices and Lessons Learnt. Education Sciences, 14(4), 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14040344

This paper presents the findings of a national survey of over 3400 teachers across all phases of education in England, 10 weeks into school closure. In this paper we report on the teachers’ experiences and their testimonies of the effects of the lock... Read More about Insights into UK Teachers’ Wellbeing and Workload during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: Testimonies from the Silent Voices and Lessons Learnt.

Do academically selective school systems strengthen the link between students’ family backgrounds and the likelihood of higher education participation? (2024)
Journal Article
Lu, B., Dai, B., See, B. H., Shao, X., & Hu, X. (online). Do academically selective school systems strengthen the link between students’ family backgrounds and the likelihood of higher education participation?. Educational Review, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2024.2302117

Proponents of academic selection argue that academic selection helps children from disadvantaged backgrounds have better lifelong outcomes. However, the evidence needs to be clarified since selections by performance could be a proxy for selection by... Read More about Do academically selective school systems strengthen the link between students’ family backgrounds and the likelihood of higher education participation?.

How finance-based interventions can improve attainment at school for disadvantaged students: A review of international evidence (2023)
Journal Article
See, B., Gorard, S., Siddiqui, N., Hitt, L., el-Soufi, N., & Lu, B. (2024). How finance-based interventions can improve attainment at school for disadvantaged students: A review of international evidence. Educational Research and Evaluation, 28(7-8), https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2023.2273540

The challenge of improving attainment in schools has been a longstanding issue, particularly in developing countries. This paper uses a structured review to examine the best causal evidence from research worldwide on the impact of various strategies,... Read More about How finance-based interventions can improve attainment at school for disadvantaged students: A review of international evidence.

Improving Attendance and Enrolment at School for Children Living in Poverty (2023)
Journal Article
See, B. H., Gorard, S., Siddiqui, N., El Soufi, N., Hitt, L., & Lu, B. (2023). Improving Attendance and Enrolment at School for Children Living in Poverty. Nordic Journal of Systematic Reviews in Education, 1(1), 1-29

This paper summarises the findings of a large-scale structured review of 73 studies to iden-tify promising interventions to increase school enrolment and attendance, particularly in less developed countries where school... Read More about Improving Attendance and Enrolment at School for Children Living in Poverty.

Can a code-based approach to marking and feedback reduce teachers’ workload? An evaluation of the FLASH marking intervention (2023)
Journal Article
Morris, R., Gorard, S., See, B., & Siddiqui, N. (2024). Can a code-based approach to marking and feedback reduce teachers’ workload? An evaluation of the FLASH marking intervention. Oxford Review of Education, 50(4), 552-569 . https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2023.2258779

Heavy teacher workload is of considerable policy concern in many education systems in the world. It is considered one of the main contributory factors in teacher attrition. One aspect of workload that could be addressed is reducing the amount of mark... Read More about Can a code-based approach to marking and feedback reduce teachers’ workload? An evaluation of the FLASH marking intervention.

Lessons for addressing educational disadvantage from a range of studies (2023)
Journal Article
Gorard, S., Siddiqui, N., & See, B. H. (2023). Lessons for addressing educational disadvantage from a range of studies. Cogent Education, 10(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2262258

Governments and education systems worldwide have tried using additional cash transfers to encourage school enrolment and attendance, and to reduce the attainment gap between disadvantaged students and their peers. There are now many strands of eviden... Read More about Lessons for addressing educational disadvantage from a range of studies.

The disproportionality of ethnic minority teachers in England: trends, patterns, and problems (2023)
Journal Article
Gorard, S., Chen, W., Tan, Y., Gazmuri, C., See, B., Tereshchenko, A., Demie, F., & Siddiqui, N. (2023). The disproportionality of ethnic minority teachers in England: trends, patterns, and problems. Routledge Open Research, 2(13), https://doi.org/10.12688/routledgeopenres.17798.1

Background: England has an ethnically diverse population; reflected in the teacher workforce, and the student body in schools. However, it is not clear that these figures are in proportion to each other. This paper examines the ethnic profile of stud... Read More about The disproportionality of ethnic minority teachers in England: trends, patterns, and problems.

Who becomes a teacher and why? (2022)
Journal Article
See, B. H., Munthe, E., Ross, S. A., Hitt, L., & El Soufi, N. (2022). Who becomes a teacher and why?. Review of Education, 10(3), https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3377

This paper reports on a comprehensive review of international evidence, synthesising the findings of some of the strongest empirical work on the main factors influencing people's decisions to be teachers or not. Four search engines, including Google... Read More about Who becomes a teacher and why?.

How to get more people into teaching?: Comparing undergraduates’ and teacher trainees’ motivation and perceptions of a teaching career (2022)
Journal Article
Gorard, S., See, B., & Morris, R. (2022). How to get more people into teaching?: Comparing undergraduates’ and teacher trainees’ motivation and perceptions of a teaching career. Education Sciences, 12(11), Article 767. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12110767

Understanding people’s perceptions of teaching as an occupation, and their motivation or oth-erwise to teach, can help identify which initiatives/policies are most promising in improving teacher recruitment. Previous studies have often sought only th... Read More about How to get more people into teaching?: Comparing undergraduates’ and teacher trainees’ motivation and perceptions of a teaching career.

Ethnic disproportionality in the school teaching workforce in England (2022)
Journal Article
Demie, F., & See, B. H. (2023). Ethnic disproportionality in the school teaching workforce in England. Equity in education & society, 2(1), 3-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/27526461221134291

The disproportionality in the school workforce in England’s schools has drawn little interest from policymakers and education practitioners. This article addresses the noted gap in the literature and provides trends empirical evidence in England’s te... Read More about Ethnic disproportionality in the school teaching workforce in England.

How do Chinese students’ critical thinking compare with other students?: a structured review of the existing evidence (2022)
Journal Article
Fan, K., & See, B. (2022). How do Chinese students’ critical thinking compare with other students?: a structured review of the existing evidence. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 46, Article 101145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101145

An increasing number of Chinese students are now studying abroad in western universities, and there is a widespread concern among western academics that Chinese students are not trained to have a critical mind. However, there is little empirical evid... Read More about How do Chinese students’ critical thinking compare with other students?: a structured review of the existing evidence.