Antonio Maggiore
Sonocrystallization induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence via distortion of molecular geometry †
Maggiore, Antonio; Qu, Yangyang; Pander, Piotr; Dias, Fernando B.; Clavier, Gilles; Guillot, Regis; Altamura, Davide; Giannini, Cinzia; Maiorano, Vincenzo; Audebert, Pierre; Miomandre, Fabien
Authors
Yangyang Qu
Piotr Pander piotr.h.pander@durham.ac.uk
Academic Visitor
Dr Fernando Dias f.m.b.dias@durham.ac.uk
Associate Professor
Gilles Clavier
Regis Guillot
Davide Altamura
Cinzia Giannini
Vincenzo Maiorano
Pierre Audebert
Fabien Miomandre
Abstract
In this work, we present three donor–acceptor thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules comprising a 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile acceptor with various electron donor units: phenoxazine (Phx-BzN), phenothiazine (Pht-BzN), and carbazole (Cz-BzN). These molecules have been studied using steady-state and time-resolved photophysical techniques in solution, film in polymer host and in crystal state. While Cz-BzN displays TADF in solution and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) films, Phx-BzN and Pht-BzN are non-emissive in solution and somewhat emissive in polymer films. More interestingly, while Pht-BzN remains virtually non-emissive in all studied solvents, it exhibits strong photoluminescence and TADF in crystal state, attributed to Crystallization Induced Emission (CIE). Interestingly, by applying ultrasound to an amorphous Pht-BzN water suspension we were also able to induce a reorganization of the molecules obtaining a microcrystal suspension. This can represents a new strategy to develop luminescent organic microcrystalline materials. We demonstrate through computational studies that the CIE properties arise due to intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure that result in locking the ground state molecular geometry and blocking relaxation in the excited state. As a result, the oscillator strength in the crystal form is enhanced leading to a highly luminescent behaviour, while in solution it equals nearly zero due to the molecule adopting a perfectly orthogonal D–A orientation in the excited state.
Citation
Maggiore, A., Qu, Y., Pander, P., Dias, F. B., Clavier, G., Guillot, R., …Miomandre, F. (2024). Sonocrystallization induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence via distortion of molecular geometry †. Journal of Materials Chemistry C Materials for optical and electronic devices, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tc00245h
Journal Article Type | Article |
---|---|
Acceptance Date | May 5, 2024 |
Online Publication Date | May 20, 2024 |
Publication Date | May 20, 2024 |
Deposit Date | May 28, 2024 |
Publicly Available Date | May 28, 2024 |
Journal | Journal of Materials Chemistry C Materials for optical and electronic devices |
Print ISSN | 2050-7526 |
Publisher | Royal Society of Chemistry |
Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tc00245h |
Public URL | https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/2465818 |
Files
Published Journal Article
(2.9 Mb)
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Publisher Licence URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
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