Using Fluid Curtains to Improve Sealing Performance in Turbomachinery Applications

MacCalman, J. A.; Williams, R. J.; Ingram, G. L.; Hogg, S. I.

Abstract

The results from an investigation into the physics of how fluid curtains can be applied to improve the aerodynamic performance of conventional turbomachinery shaft and rotor seals are described in this paper. Computational fluid dynamics and testing on two experimental facilities are used in the study. In the first part of the work, computational fluid dynamics simulations validated against experimental test data demonstrate the fundamental mechanism by which the presence of the curtain can act to reduce leakage flow through conventional seals. These results are consolidated into a single performance carpet map, showing how the leakage reduction performance and the curtain supply pressure needed to achieve it vary with changes in values of key geometrical parameters. In the second part of the work the effect of swirl in the seal inlet flow, as is often encountered in turbomachinery applications, on the performance of the fluid curtain is investigated experimentally. Test results show that if the swirl momentum in the inlet flow is greater than the momentum of the curtain flow, the performance benefit from applying the curtain is greatly diminished. Overall, the results provide some fundamental design rules for applying fluid curtains to enhance turbomachinery sealing performance for the general type of leakage path geometry (cylindrical channel, 45-degree jet angle, curtain upstream of a conventional seal) and working fluid type and conditions (air, ambient temperature, subsonic leakage channel flow), used in the study.

Citation

MacCalman, J. A., Williams, R. J., Ingram, G. L., & Hogg, S. I. (2024). Using Fluid Curtains to Improve Sealing Performance in Turbomachinery Applications. Journal of Tribology, 146(8), Article 084401. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065264

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Mar 29, 2024
• Online Publication Date: Apr 23, 2024
• Publication Date: Apr 23, 2024
• Deposit Date: Mar 26, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: Apr 23, 2024
• Journal: Journal of Tribology
• Print ISSN: 0742-4787
• Electronic ISSN: 1528-8897
• Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 146
• Issue: 8
• Article Number: 084401
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065264
• Public URL: https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/2347799