1‐Azathioxanthone Appended Lanthanide(III) DO3A Complexes That Luminesce Following Excitation at 405 nm**

Gundorff Nielsen, Lea; Ravnsborg Hansen, Anne Katrine; Stachelek, Patrycja; Pal, Robert; Just Sørensen, Thomas

doi:10.1002/ejic.202300245

1‐Azathioxanthone Appended Lanthanide(III) DO3A Complexes That Luminesce Following Excitation at 405 nm**

Gundorff Nielsen, Lea; Ravnsborg Hansen, Anne Katrine; Stachelek, Patrycja; Pal, Robert; Just Sørensen, Thomas

Authors

Lea Gundorff Nielsen

Anne Katrine Ravnsborg Hansen

Patrycja Stachelek

Professor Robert Pal robert.pal@durham.ac.uk
Professor

Thomas Just Sørensen

Abstract

Since the pioneering report by Selvin, we have been fascinated by the potential of using lanthanide luminescence in bioimaging. The uniquely narrow emission lines and long luminescence lifetimes both provide the potential for background free images together with full certainty of probe localization. General use of lanthanide based bioimaging was first challenged by low brightness, and later by the need of UV (<405 nm) excitation sources not present in commercial microscopes. Here, we designed three lanthanide-based imaging probes based on a known motif to investigate the limitations of 405 nm excitation. These were synthesized, characterized, investigated on dedicated as well as commercial microscopes, and the photophysics was explored in detail. It was proven without doubt that the lanthanide complexes enter the cells and luminesce internally. Even so, no lanthanide luminescence were recovered on the commercial microscopes. Thus, we returned to the photophysical properties that afforded the conclusion that – despite the advances in light sources and photodetectors – we need new designs that can give us brighter lanthanide complexes before bioimaging with lanthanide luminescence becomes something that is readily done.

Citation

Gundorff Nielsen, L., Ravnsborg Hansen, A. K., Stachelek, P., Pal, R., & Just Sørensen, T. (2023). 1‐Azathioxanthone Appended Lanthanide(III) DO3A Complexes That Luminesce Following Excitation at 405 nm**. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 26(24), Article e202300245. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.202300245

Journal Article Type	Article
Acceptance Date	Jun 14, 2023
Online Publication Date	Jul 3, 2023
Publication Date	Aug 23, 2023
Deposit Date	Sep 14, 2023
Publicly Available Date	Jul 4, 2024
Journal	European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
Print ISSN	1434-1948
Electronic ISSN	1099-0682
Publisher	Wiley-VCH Verlag
Peer Reviewed	Peer Reviewed
Volume	26
Issue	24
Article Number	e202300245
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.202300245
Keywords	Inorganic Chemistry
Public URL	https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1737339
Additional Information	Received: 2023-04-28; Published: 2023-07-03

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Copyright Statement
Copyright © 2023 The Authors. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Gundorff Nielsen, L., Ravnsborg Hansen, A. K., Stachelek, P., Pal, R., & Just Sørensen, T. (2023). 1‐Azathioxanthone Appended Lanthanide(III) DO3A Complexes That Luminesce Following Excitation at 405 nm**. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 26(24), Article e202300245. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.202300245, which has been published in final form at [Link to final article using the DOI]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.