Fast variability of tera-electron volt gamma rays from the radio galaxy M87

Aharonian, F.; Akhperjanian, A.G.; Bazer-Bachi, A.R.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Berge, D.; Bernlöhr, K.; Boisson, C.; Bolz, O.; Borrel, V.; Braun, I.; Brown, A.M.; Bühler, R.; Büsching, I.; Carrigan, S.; Chadwick, P.M.; Chounet, L.-M.; Coignet, G.; Cornils, R.; Costamante, L.; Degrange, B.; Dickinson, H.J.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Drury O'C. , L.; Dubus, G.; Egberts, K.; Emmanoulopoulos, D.; Espigat, P.; Feinstein, F.; Ferrero, E.; Fiasson, A.; Fontaine, G.; Funk, S.; Füßling, M.; Gallant, Y.A.; Giebels, B.; Glicenstein, J.F.; Goret, P.; Hadjichristidis, C.; Hauser, D.; Hauser, M.; Heinzelmann, G.; Henri, G.; Hermann, G.; Hinton, J.A.; Hoffmann, A.; Hofmann, W.; Holleran, M.; Hoppe, S.; Horns, D.; Jacholkowska, A.; de Jager, O.C.; Kendziorra, E.; Kerschhaggl, M.; Khélifi, B.; Komin, N.; Konopelko, A.; Kosack, K.; Lamanna, G.; Latham, I.J.; Le Gallou, R.; Lemière, A.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J.P.; Lohse, T.; Martin, J.M.; Martineau-Huynh, O.; Marcowith, A.; Masterson, C.; Maurin, G.; McComb, T.J.L.; Moulin, E.; de Naurois, M.; Nedbal, D.; Nolan, S.J.; Noutsos, A.; Orford, K.J.; Osborne, J.L.; Ouchrif, M.; Panter, M.; Pelletier, G.; Pita, S.; Pühlhofer, G.; Punch, M.; Ranchon, S.; Raubenheimer, B.C.; Raue, M.; Rayner, S.M.; Reimer, A.; Ripken, J.; Rob, L.; Rolland, L.; Rosier-Lees, S.; Rowell, G.; Sahakian, V.; Santangelo, A.; Saugé, L.; Schlenker, S.; Schlickeiser, R.; Schröder, R.; Schwanke, U.; Schwarzburg, S.; Schwemmer, S.; Shalchi, A.; Sol, H.; Spangler, D.; Spanier, F.; Steenkamp, R.; Stegmann, C.; Superina, G.; Tam, P.H.; Tavernet, J.-P.; Terrier, R.; Tluczykont, M.; van Eldik, C.; Vasileiadis, G.; Venter, C.; Vialle, J.P.; Vincent, P.; Völk, H.J.; Wagner, S.J.; Ward, M.J.

doi:10.1126/science.1134408

Fast variability of tera-electron volt gamma rays from the radio galaxy M87

Aharonian, F.; Akhperjanian, A.G.; Bazer-Bachi, A.R.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Berge, D.; Bernlöhr, K.; Boisson, C.; Bolz, O.; Borrel, V.; Braun, I.; Brown, A.M.; Bühler, R.; Büsching, I.; Carrigan, S.; Chadwick, P.M.; Chounet, L.-M.; Coignet, G.; Cornils, R.; Costamante, L.; Degrange, B.; Dickinson, H.J.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Drury O'C. , L.; Dubus, G.; Egberts, K.; Emmanoulopoulos, D.; Espigat, P.; Feinstein, F.; Ferrero, E.; Fiasson, A.; Fontaine, G.; Funk, S.; Füßling, M.; Gallant, Y.A.; Giebels, B.; Glicenstein, J.F.; Goret, P.; Hadjichristidis, C.; Hauser, D.; Hauser, M.; Heinzelmann, G.; Henri, G.; Hermann, G.; Hinton, J.A.; Hoffmann, A.; Hofmann, W.; Holleran, M.; Hoppe, S.; Horns, D.; Jacholkowska, A.; de Jager, O.C.; Kendziorra, E.; Kerschhaggl, M.; Khélifi, B.; Komin, N.; Konopelko, A.; Kosack, K.; Lamanna, G.; Latham, I.J.; Le Gallou, R.; Lemière, A.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J.P.; Lohse, T.; Martin, J.M.; Martineau-Huynh, O.; Marcowith, A.; Masterson, C.; Maurin, G.; Mc...

Authors

F. Aharonian

A.G. Akhperjanian

A.R. Bazer-Bachi

M. Beilicke

W. Benbow

D. Berge

K. Bernlöhr

C. Boisson

O. Bolz

V. Borrel

I. Braun

A.M. Brown

R. Bühler

I. Büsching

S. Carrigan

Professor Paula Chadwick p.m.chadwick@durham.ac.uk
Head Of Department

L.-M. Chounet

G. Coignet

R. Cornils

L. Costamante

B. Degrange

H.J. Dickinson

A. Djannati-Ataï

L. Drury O'C.

G. Dubus

K. Egberts

D. Emmanoulopoulos

P. Espigat

F. Feinstein

E. Ferrero

A. Fiasson

G. Fontaine

S. Funk

M. Füßling

Y.A. Gallant

B. Giebels

J.F. Glicenstein

P. Goret

C. Hadjichristidis

D. Hauser

M. Hauser

G. Heinzelmann

G. Henri

G. Hermann

J.A. Hinton

A. Hoffmann

W. Hofmann

M. Holleran

S. Hoppe

D. Horns

A. Jacholkowska

O.C. de Jager

E. Kendziorra

M. Kerschhaggl

B. Khélifi

N. Komin

A. Konopelko

K. Kosack

G. Lamanna

I.J. Latham

R. Le Gallou

A. Lemière

M. Lemoine-Goumard

J.P. Lenain

T. Lohse

J.M. Martin

O. Martineau-Huynh

A. Marcowith

C. Masterson

G. Maurin

T.J.L. McComb

E. Moulin

M. de Naurois

D. Nedbal

S.J. Nolan

A. Noutsos

K.J. Orford

Dr John Osborne j.l.osborne@durham.ac.uk
Emeritus

M. Ouchrif

M. Panter

G. Pelletier

S. Pita

G. Pühlhofer

M. Punch

S. Ranchon

B.C. Raubenheimer

M. Raue

S.M. Rayner

A. Reimer

J. Ripken

L. Rob

L. Rolland

S. Rosier-Lees

G. Rowell

V. Sahakian

A. Santangelo

L. Saugé

S. Schlenker

R. Schlickeiser

R. Schröder

U. Schwanke

S. Schwarzburg

S. Schwemmer

A. Shalchi

H. Sol

D. Spangler

F. Spanier

R. Steenkamp

C. Stegmann

G. Superina

P.H. Tam

J.-P. Tavernet

R. Terrier

M. Tluczykont

C. van Eldik

G. Vasileiadis

C. Venter

J.P. Vialle

P. Vincent

H.J. Völk

S.J. Wagner

Professor Martin Ward martin.ward@durham.ac.uk
Emeritus Professor

Abstract

The detection of fast variations of the tera–electron volt (TeV) (1012 eV) -ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the -ray production. The observations confirm that TeV rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.

Citation

Aharonian, F., Akhperjanian, A., Bazer-Bachi, A., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Berge, D., …Ward, M. (2006). Fast variability of tera-electron volt gamma rays from the radio galaxy M87. Science, 314(5804), 1424-1427. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1134408

Journal Article Type	Article
Publication Date	Dec 1, 2006
Deposit Date	Jul 16, 2007
Journal	Science
Print ISSN	0036-8075
Electronic ISSN	1095-9203
Publisher	American Association for the Advancement of Science
Peer Reviewed	Peer Reviewed
Volume	314
Issue	5804
Pages	1424-1427
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1134408
Keywords	Black-hole, TEV emission, Cosmic-rays, Jet, HST-1, M-87, Nucleus, Knot.
Public URL	https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1543287