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Supramolecular gelation as the first stage in Ostwald’s rule

Andrews, Jessica L.; Pearson, Emma; Yufit, Dmitry S.; Steed, Jonathan W.; Edkins, Katharina

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Authors

Jessica L. Andrews

Emma Pearson

Katharina Edkins



Abstract

Ostwald’s rule of stages describes the observation that a metastable polymorph of a particular compound will crystallise before the thermodynamically stable form under the same conditions. Whilst traditionally applied to crystalline systems, there have been recent examples in which non-crystalline supramolecular assemblies transform according to this rule. In this work we report the highly selective organogelation behaviour of a mono-iodinated 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole (lophine) derivative (I-TPI). The gel emerges as a kinetically trapped intermediate, prior to the crystallisation of a series of increasingly stable methanol solvates. As such, we describe the supramolecular gel as a pre-crystalline phase, representing the first of Ostwald’s stages for this system. Similar behaviour can be observed when the gel is used as a medium for pharmaceutical crystallisation of diatrizoic acid (DTA). In this case, two solid forms are produced, both containing molecules of DTA, I-TPI and methanol in different stoichiometries, and once again crystallising in sequence according to Ostwald’s rule. These results demonstrate that supramolecular gelation may be considered the first stage in the stepwise crystallisation of a gelator, as governed by Ostwald’s rule, and that this behaviour also applies to multi-component systems, facilitating the production of metastable pharmaceutical solid forms.

Citation

Andrews, J. L., Pearson, E., Yufit, D. S., Steed, J. W., & Edkins, K. (2018). Supramolecular gelation as the first stage in Ostwald’s rule. Crystal Growth and Design, 18(12), 7690-7700. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.8b01539

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Nov 8, 2018
Online Publication Date Nov 8, 2018
Publication Date Dec 5, 2018
Deposit Date Nov 13, 2018
Publicly Available Date Nov 8, 2019
Journal Crystal Growth and Design
Print ISSN 1528-7483
Electronic ISSN 1528-7505
Publisher American Chemical Society
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 18
Issue 12
Pages 7690-7700
DOI https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.8b01539
Public URL https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1343362

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Copyright Statement
This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Crystal growth & design copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.8b01539






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