Does Retrogression Always Account for the Large Volume of Submarine Megaslides? Evidence to the Contrary From the Tampen Slide, Offshore Norway

Barrett, R.S.; Bellwald, B.; Talling, P.J.; Micallef, A.; Gross, F.; Berndt, C.; Planke, S.; Myklebust, R.; Krastel, S.

Abstract

Submarine landslides can be several orders of magnitude larger than their terrestrial counterparts and can pose significant hazards across entire ocean basins. The landslide failure mechanism strongly controls the associated tsunami hazard. The Tampen Slide offshore Norway is one of the largest landslides on Earth but remains poorly understood due to its subsequent burial beneath up to 450 m of sediments. Here, we use laterally extensive (16,000 km2), high-resolution processed 3-D seismic reflection data to characterize the upper Tampen Slide. We identify longitudinal (downslope, movement-parallel) chutes and ridges that are up to 40 m high, as well as extensional and compressional (cross-slope) ridges. This is the first time that longitudinal ridges of such size have been imaged in a deep marine setting. The first phase of the Tampen Slide involved the simultaneous translation of over 720 km3 of sediments along a single failure plane. This was followed by spreading along the head- and sidewall, and the formation of a retrogressive debris flow and slump, the volumes of which are insignificant compared to the first failure. The process responsible for movement of such a large sediment volume along a single glide plane differs significantly from that of other passive margin megaslides, which typically comprise numerous smaller landslides that fail retrogressively along multiple glide planes. The trigger mechanism (e.g., an earthquake), the presence of mechanically strong obstructions (e.g., volcanic structural high), and the number and location of weak layers may be key factors that determine whether megaslides develop along a single plane or retrogressively.

Citation

Barrett, R., Bellwald, B., Talling, P., Micallef, A., Gross, F., Berndt, C., Planke, S., Myklebust, R., & Krastel, S. (2021). Does Retrogression Always Account for the Large Volume of Submarine Megaslides? Evidence to the Contrary From the Tampen Slide, Offshore Norway. Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, 126(2), Article e2020JB020655. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jb020655

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Dec 21, 2020
• Online Publication Date: Dec 24, 2020
• Publication Date: Feb 23, 2021
• Deposit Date: Jun 4, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Jun 4, 2021
• Journal: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth
• Print ISSN: 2169-9313
• Electronic ISSN: 2169-9356
• Publisher: American Geophysical Union
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 126
• Issue: 2
• Article Number: e2020JB020655
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jb020655
• Public URL: https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1247307