Impact of changing concavity indices on channel steepness and divide migration metrics

Gailleton, Boris; Mudd, Simon M.; Clubb, Fiona J.; Grieve, Stuart W.D.; Hurst, Martin D.

Abstract

The concavity index, urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0001, describes how quickly river channel gradient declines downstream. It is used in calculations of normalized channel steepness index, urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0002, a metric for comparing the relative steepness of channels with different drainage area. It is also used in calculating a transformed longitudinal coordinate, urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0003, which has been employed to search for migrating drainage divides. A urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0004 value of 0.45 is typically assumed in studies. Here we quantify the variability in urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0005 across multiple landscapes distributed across the globe. We describe the degree to which both the spatial distribution and magnitude of urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0006 and urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0007 can be distorted if urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0008 is assumed rather than constrained. Differences between constrained and assumed urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0009 of 0.1 or less are unlikely to affect the spatial distribution and relative magnitude of urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0010 values, but larger differences can change the spatial distribution of urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0011 and in extreme cases invert differences in relative steepness: relatively steep reaches can appear relatively gentle as quantified by urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0012. These inversions are function of the range of drainage area in the considered watersheds. We also demonstrate that the urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0013 coordinate, and therefore the detection of migrating drainage divides, is sensitive to varying values of urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0014. The median of most likely urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0015 across a wide range of mountainous and upland environments is 0.425. This wide range of variability suggests workers should not assume any value for urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0016, but should instead calculate a representative urn:x-wiley:21699003:media:jgrf21424:jgrf21424-math-0017 for the landscape of interest, and exclude basins for which this value is a poor fit.

Citation

Gailleton, B., Mudd, S. M., Clubb, F. J., Grieve, S. W., & Hurst, M. D. (2021). Impact of changing concavity indices on channel steepness and divide migration metrics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 126(10), Article e2020JF006060. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jf006060

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Sep 1, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Oct 5, 2021
• Publication Date: Oct 5, 2021
• Deposit Date: Sep 20, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Jan 6, 2022
• Journal: Journal of geophysical research. Earth surface.
• Print ISSN: 2169-9011
• Electronic ISSN: 2169-9011
• Publisher: American Geophysical Union
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 126
• Issue: 10
• Article Number: e2020JF006060
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jf006060
• Public URL: https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1240347