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Professor Charles Augarde's Outputs (196)

A stable poro-mechanical formulation for Material Point Methods leveraging overlapping meshes and multi-field ghost penalisation (2024)
Journal Article
Pretti, G., Bird, R., Gavin, N., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (in press). A stable poro-mechanical formulation for Material Point Methods leveraging overlapping meshes and multi-field ghost penalisation. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,

The Material Point Method (MPM) is widely used to analyse coupled (solid-water) problems under large deformations/displacements. However, if not addressed carefully, MPM u-p formulations for poro-mechanics can be affected by two major sources of inst... Read More about A stable poro-mechanical formulation for Material Point Methods leveraging overlapping meshes and multi-field ghost penalisation.

Layered soils in the shallow subsurface (<6.0 m), North Sea: a data report (2024)
Report
Johnson, K. R., Carter, G., & Macdonald, C. (2024). Layered soils in the shallow subsurface (

The Carbon Trust (2015) “Cable Burial Risk Assessment (CBRA) Methodology” document is widely used in the offshore subsea cable industry to define the cable burial Depth of Lowering (DoL). To-date, published work on anchor penetration depths has focus... Read More about Layered soils in the shallow subsurface (<6.0 m), North Sea: a data report.

An implicit material point-to-rigid body contact approach for large deformation soil-structure interaction (2024)
Journal Article
Bird, R., Pretti, G., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Sharif, Y., Brown, M., Carter, G., Macdonald, C., & Johnson, K. (2024). An implicit material point-to-rigid body contact approach for large deformation soil-structure interaction. Computers and Geotechnics, 174, Article 106646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2024.106646

Modelling the interaction between rigid and deformable bodies holds significant relevance in geotechnical engineering, particularly in scenarios involving stiff engineering objects interacting with highly deformable material such as soil. These proce... Read More about An implicit material point-to-rigid body contact approach for large deformation soil-structure interaction.

UKACM Proceedings 2024 (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
(2024, April). UKACM Proceedings 2024. Presented at 2024 UK Association for Computational Mechanics Conference, Durham, UK

The proceedings present 52 scientific papers written for the 32nd conference of the UK Association for Computational Mechanics (UKACM). The papers submitted to UKACM 2024 cover the breadth of computational mechanics research within the UK and beyond... Read More about UKACM Proceedings 2024.

Simulation of strain localisation with an elastoplastic micropolar material point method (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
O'Hare, T. J., Gourgiotis, P. A., Coombs, W. M., & Augarde, C. E. (2024). Simulation of strain localisation with an elastoplastic micropolar material point method. In W. M. Coombs (Ed.), UKACM Proceedings 2024 (141-144). https://doi.org/10.62512/conf.ukacm2024.009

The thickness of shear bands, which form along slip surfaces during certain modes of geotechnical failure, depends directly on the size of the soil particles. Classical continuum models, however, are invariant to length scale, so the strain localisat... Read More about Simulation of strain localisation with an elastoplastic micropolar material point method.

Consequences of Terzaghi’s effective stress decomposition in the context of finite strain poro-mechanics (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Pretti, G., Coombs, W. M., & Augarde, C. E. (2024). Consequences of Terzaghi’s effective stress decomposition in the context of finite strain poro-mechanics. In W. M. Coombs (Ed.), UKACM Proceedings 2024 (109-112). https://doi.org/10.62512/conf.ukacm2024.019

Poro-mechanics is a branch of mechanics considering the hydro-mechanical behaviour of a porous solid medium whose pores are saturated by a fluid. The presence of both these constituents significantly influences the overall macro-response of the mater... Read More about Consequences of Terzaghi’s effective stress decomposition in the context of finite strain poro-mechanics.

Dynamic three-dimensional rigid body interaction with highly deformable solids, a material point approach (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Bird, R., Pretti, G., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Sharif, Y., Brown, M., …Johnson, K. (2024). Dynamic three-dimensional rigid body interaction with highly deformable solids, a material point approach. In W. Coombs (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2024 UK Association for Computational Mechanics Conference (153-156). https://doi.org/10.62512/conf.ukacm2024.092

The ability to model rigid body interaction with highly deformable solids is a very useful tool in geoengineering, including the modelling of drag anchors on seabeds and seabed ploughing [7, 1]. However, these simulations entail several numerical cha... Read More about Dynamic three-dimensional rigid body interaction with highly deformable solids, a material point approach.

Preserving non-negative porosity values in a bi-phase elasto-plastic material under Terzaghi’s effective stress principle (2024)
Journal Article
Pretti, G., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Marchena Puigvert, M., & Reyna Gutierrez, J. A. (2024). Preserving non-negative porosity values in a bi-phase elasto-plastic material under Terzaghi’s effective stress principle. Mechanics of Materials, 192, Article 104958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2024.104958

Poromechanics is a well-established field of continuum mechanics which seeks to model materials with multiple phases, usually a stiff solid phase and fluid phases of liquids or gases. Applications are widespread particularly in geomechanics where Ter... Read More about Preserving non-negative porosity values in a bi-phase elasto-plastic material under Terzaghi’s effective stress principle.

On the implementation of a material point‐based arc‐length method (2024)
Journal Article
Gavin, N., Pretti, G., Coombs, W., Brigham, J., & Augarde, C. (2024). On the implementation of a material point‐based arc‐length method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 125(9), Article e7438. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.7438

Summary: The material point method is a versatile technique which can be used to solve various types of solid mechanics problems, especially those involving large deformations. However, the capability of the material point method to track a load‐disp... Read More about On the implementation of a material point‐based arc‐length method.

On the development of a material point method compatible arc length solver for large deformation solid mechanics (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Gavin, N., Coombs, W., Brigham, J., & Augarde, C. (2023). On the development of a material point method compatible arc length solver for large deformation solid mechanics.

The Material Point Method is a versatile technique, however, it may be unable to provide a valid solution if there is a snap-through or snap-back response in the equilibrium path. One approach of overcoming this issue is the use of path following tec... Read More about On the development of a material point method compatible arc length solver for large deformation solid mechanics.

An open-source Julia code for geotechnical MPM (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Gavin, N., Bird, R. E., Coombs, W. M., & Augarde, C. E. (2023). An open-source Julia code for geotechnical MPM. In L. Zdravkovic, S. Kontoe, D. M. G. Taborda, & A. Tsiampousi (Eds.), . https://doi.org/10.53243/numge2023-35

There is considerable interest in the Material Point Method (MPM) in the computational geotechnics community since it can model problems involving large deformations, e.g. landslides, collapses etc. without being too far from the standard finite elem... Read More about An open-source Julia code for geotechnical MPM.

Cone Penetration Tests (CPTs) in layered soils: a Material Point approach (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Bird, R., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Brown, M., Sharif, Y., Carter, G., …Macdonald, C. (2023). Cone Penetration Tests (CPTs) in layered soils: a Material Point approach. In L. Zdravkovic, S. Kontoe, D. . M. . G. Taborda, & A. Tsiampousi (Eds.), . https://doi.org/10.53243/numge2023-743

Cone Penetration Tests (CPTs) can be used to determine in-situ soil properties and represent a practical choice for site investigation offshore, especially for linear infrastructure, such as offshore wind export cables. Information gained from CPTs i... Read More about Cone Penetration Tests (CPTs) in layered soils: a Material Point approach.

An implicit Material Point Method for micropolar solids undergoing large deformations (2023)
Journal Article
O'Hare, T., Gourgiotis, P., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2024). An implicit Material Point Method for micropolar solids undergoing large deformations. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 419, Article 116668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2023.116668

Modelling the mechanical behaviour of structural systems where the system size approaches that of the material microstructure (such as in MEMS) presents challenges to the standard continuum assumption and classical models can fail to predict importan... Read More about An implicit Material Point Method for micropolar solids undergoing large deformations.

Characterisation of anchor penetration behaviour for Cable burial risk assessment (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Sharif, Y. U., Brown, M. J., Coombs, W. M., Augarde, C. E., Bird, R. E., Carter, G., Macdonald, C., & Johnson, K. R. (2023, September). Characterisation of anchor penetration behaviour for Cable burial risk assessment. Presented at 9th Int. SUT OSIG Conference “Innovative Geotechnologies for Energy Transition”, London, UK

Offshore wind (OSW) power cable failure currently accounts for 75% of the cost of all insurance claims associated with OSW projects and faults typically take 100+ days to rectify. The most effective method for protecting the cables from anchor damage... Read More about Characterisation of anchor penetration behaviour for Cable burial risk assessment.

An hp-adaptive discontinuous Galerkin method for phase field fracture (2023)
Journal Article
Bird, R. E., Augarde, C. E., Coombs, W. M., Duddu, R., Giani, S., Huynh, P. T., & Sims, B. (2023). An hp-adaptive discontinuous Galerkin method for phase field fracture. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 416, Article 116336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2023.116336

The phase field method is becoming the de facto choice for the numerical analysis of complex problems that involve multiple initiating, propagating, interacting, branching and merging fractures. However, within the context of finite element modelling... Read More about An hp-adaptive discontinuous Galerkin method for phase field fracture.

Towards a predictive model of the shear strength behaviour of fibre reinforced clay (2023)
Journal Article
Wang, J., Hughes, P. N., & Augarde, C. E. (online). Towards a predictive model of the shear strength behaviour of fibre reinforced clay. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 28(2), 380-400. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2023.2214596

Randomly distributed fibres can be a potential reinforcement material to improve the shear strength of soils. However, gaps remain in experimental research and predictive modelling of the shear strength of fibre reinforced high plasticity clays. In l... Read More about Towards a predictive model of the shear strength behaviour of fibre reinforced clay.

A geometrically-exact Finite Element Method for micropolar continua with finite deformations (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
O'Hare, T. J., Gourgiotis, P. A., Coombs, W. M., & Augarde, C. E. (2023, April). A geometrically-exact Finite Element Method for micropolar continua with finite deformations. Paper presented at UKACM 2023, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

Micropolar theory is a weakly non-local higher-order continuum theory based on the inclusion of independent (micro-)rotational degrees of freedom. Subsequent introduction of couple-stresses and an internal length scale mean the micropolar continuum i... Read More about A geometrically-exact Finite Element Method for micropolar continua with finite deformations.

Cone penetration tests (CPTs) in bi-phase soils: A material point approach with rigid body interaction (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Bird, R., Pretti, G., Coombs, W. M., Augarde, C. E., Sharif, Y., Brown, M., …Johnson, K. (2023, April). Cone penetration tests (CPTs) in bi-phase soils: A material point approach with rigid body interaction. Paper presented at UK Association for Computational Mechanics 2023 (UKACM 2023), University of Warwick, UK

Cone Penetration Tests (CPTs) can be used to determine in-situ material properties and represent a practical choice for site investigation offshore, especially for linear infrastructure, such as Offshore Wind export cables. Information gained from CP... Read More about Cone penetration tests (CPTs) in bi-phase soils: A material point approach with rigid body interaction.

A conservation law consistent updated Lagrangian material point method for dynamic analysis (2023)
Journal Article
Pretti, G., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Sims, B., Puigvert, M., & Gutierrez, J. (2023). A conservation law consistent updated Lagrangian material point method for dynamic analysis. Journal of Computational Physics, 485, Article 112075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2023.112075

The Material Point Method (MPM) is well suited to modelling dynamic solid mechanics problems undergoing large deformations with non-linear, history dependent material behaviour. However, the vast majority of existing material point method implementat... Read More about A conservation law consistent updated Lagrangian material point method for dynamic analysis.

Depth of lowering and layered soils; a case study from across the North Sea (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Macdonald, C., Carter, G. D. O., Johnson, K. R., Augarde, C. E., Coombs, W. M., Bird, R. E., Brown, M. J., & Sharif, Y. U. (2023, September). Depth of lowering and layered soils; a case study from across the North Sea. Paper presented at 9th Int. SUT OSIG Conference “Innovative Geotechnologies for Energy Transition”, London, UK

The Carbon Trust (2015) 'Cable Burial Risk Assessment (CBRA) Methodology' document is widely used in the offshore subsea cable industry to define the cable burial Depth of Lowering (DoL). To-date published work on anchor penetration depths has focuse... Read More about Depth of lowering and layered soils; a case study from across the North Sea.

A review of drag anchor penetration models to inform cable burial risk assessment (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Pretti, G., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Puigvert, M., Gutierrez, J., & Cross, L. (2022, August). A review of drag anchor penetration models to inform cable burial risk assessment. Paper presented at 4th International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics (ISFOG), Austin, Texas

A review of current construction guidelines to inform the design of rammed earth houses in seismically active zones (2022)
Journal Article
Thompson, D., Augarde, C., & Osorioa, J. P. (2022). A review of current construction guidelines to inform the design of rammed earth houses in seismically active zones. Journal of Building Engineering, 54, Article 104666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104666

Sustainability in the materials we use for construction is a prime concern, focusing on reducing the embodied energy and carbon footprints of the materials used. The cement used in concrete products is responsible for a significant proportion of Man'... Read More about A review of current construction guidelines to inform the design of rammed earth houses in seismically active zones.

MRI to MPM: Developing a Patient-specific Material Point Method Model of the Human Heart (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Gavin, N., Coombs, W., Brigham, J., & Augarde, C. (2022, April). MRI to MPM: Developing a Patient-specific Material Point Method Model of the Human Heart. Paper presented at UKACM 2022, Nottingham, UK

The heart is an important organ in the human body and has been widely studied using Finite Element Analysis techniques which often require extremely fine meshes in order to obtain accurate results. Also, large deformations are typically seen in heart... Read More about MRI to MPM: Developing a Patient-specific Material Point Method Model of the Human Heart.

The Virtual Element Method for Engineers (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
O'Hare, T., & Augarde, C. (2022, April). The Virtual Element Method for Engineers. Paper presented at UKACM 2022, Nottingham, England

The virtual element method (VEM) is a relatively new technique, similar to the finite element method (FEM), but having no restriction on the number of element sides. This has numerous advantages, particularly regarding greater meshing flexibility, ho... Read More about The Virtual Element Method for Engineers.

A comparison of approaches for modelling poro-mechanics in the Material Point Method (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Pretti, G., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2022, April). A comparison of approaches for modelling poro-mechanics in the Material Point Method. Paper presented at UKACM 2022, Nottingham, UK

When it comes to the analysis of fully saturated porous materials, a plethora of formulations [1] are available in the literature. Among them, the so-called u − p formulation constitutes a well-established approach when low-frequency problems are con... Read More about A comparison of approaches for modelling poro-mechanics in the Material Point Method.

A serviceability investigation of dowel-type timber connections featuring single softwood dowels (2022)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, G., & Augarde, C. (2022). A serviceability investigation of dowel-type timber connections featuring single softwood dowels. Engineering Structures, 260, Article 114210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114210

Dowel-type connections are common in timber engineering, but current design codes are largely based on empiricism and are oversimplified. This inhibits the optimised use of connections, which is essential for the design of economically efficient timb... Read More about A serviceability investigation of dowel-type timber connections featuring single softwood dowels.

Effects of fibre additions on the tensile strength and crack behaviour of unsaturated clay (2022)
Journal Article
Wang, J., Hughes, P. N., & Augarde, C. E. (2023). Effects of fibre additions on the tensile strength and crack behaviour of unsaturated clay. Ground Improvement, 176(2), 108-120. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgrim.21.00006

Desiccation cracking in clay soils is a combined mechanical and hydraulic problem and such soils can be improved by various methods including reinforcement with fibres. The relationships between tensile strength, cracking resistance and water-retenti... Read More about Effects of fibre additions on the tensile strength and crack behaviour of unsaturated clay.

Cross-linking of biopolymers for stabilising earthen construction materials (2021)
Journal Article
Muguda, S., Hughes, P., Augarde, C., Perlot, C., Bruno, A., & Gallipoli, D. (2022). Cross-linking of biopolymers for stabilising earthen construction materials. Building Research and Information, 50(5), 502-514. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2021.2001304

Biopolymers are promising potential soil stabilizers due to their ease of application and stabilization efficacy. Biopolymers are biologically occurring polymers that form hydrogels when added to soil in the presence of water. Hydrogels are three-dim... Read More about Cross-linking of biopolymers for stabilising earthen construction materials.

A Displacement-controlled Arc-Length Solution Scheme (2021)
Journal Article
Pretti, G., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2022). A Displacement-controlled Arc-Length Solution Scheme. Computers and Structures, 258, Article 106674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2021.106674

Tracing load-displacement paths in structural mechanics problems is complicated in the presence of critical points of instability where conventional load- or displacement control fails. To deal with this, arc-length methods have been developed since... Read More about A Displacement-controlled Arc-Length Solution Scheme.

Numerical modelling of large deformation problems in geotechnical engineering: A state-of-the-art review (2021)
Journal Article
Augarde, C., Lee, S., & Loukidis, D. (2021). Numerical modelling of large deformation problems in geotechnical engineering: A state-of-the-art review. Soils and Foundations, 61(6), 1718-1735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2021.08.007

Many problems in geotechnical engineering involve large movements or rotations, examples include natural processes such as landslides, and man-made processes such as earthmoving and pile penetration. While the use of numerical modelling, primarily th... Read More about Numerical modelling of large deformation problems in geotechnical engineering: A state-of-the-art review.

A comparative study of the effects of particle grading and compaction effort on the strength and stiffness of earth building materials at different humidity levels (2021)
Journal Article
Cuccurullo, A., Gallipoli, D., Bruno, A., Augarde, C., Hughes, P., & La Borderie, C. (2021). A comparative study of the effects of particle grading and compaction effort on the strength and stiffness of earth building materials at different humidity levels. Construction and Building Materials, 306, Article 124770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124770

This paper presents an investigation of the mechanical properties of three different earth building materials manufactured by compacting two soils with distinct particle size distributions under two markedly different efforts. Multiple samples of eac... Read More about A comparative study of the effects of particle grading and compaction effort on the strength and stiffness of earth building materials at different humidity levels.

An adaptive local maximum entropy point collocation method for linear elasticity   (2021)
Journal Article
Fan, L., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2021). An adaptive local maximum entropy point collocation method for linear elasticity  . Computers and Structures, 256, Article 106644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2021.106644

Point collocation methods are strong form approaches that can be applied to continuum mechanics problems and possess attractive features over weak form-based methods due to the absence of a mesh. While various adaptive strategies have been proposed t... Read More about An adaptive local maximum entropy point collocation method for linear elasticity  .

Experimental characterization of natural fibre–soil interaction: lessons for earthen construction (2021)
Journal Article
Vincenzini, A., Augarde, C., & Gioffre, M. (2021). Experimental characterization of natural fibre–soil interaction: lessons for earthen construction. Materials and Structures, 54, Article 110. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01703-z

Earthen construction materials are the subject of renewed interest due to the rising alarm about environmental pollution from the construction industry. Current research efforts are focused on improving the mechanical properties of earthen materials... Read More about Experimental characterization of natural fibre–soil interaction: lessons for earthen construction.

An efficient and locking-free material point method for three dimensional analysis with simplex elements (2021)
Journal Article
Wang, L., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Cortis, M., Brown, M., Brennan, A., …White, A. (2021). An efficient and locking-free material point method for three dimensional analysis with simplex elements. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 122(15), 3876-3899. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.6685

The Material Point Method is a relative newcomer to the world of solid mechanicsmodelling. Its key advantage is the ability to model problems having large defor-mations while being relatively close to standard nite element methods, howeverits use fo... Read More about An efficient and locking-free material point method for three dimensional analysis with simplex elements.

Overcoming Volumetric Locking in Three-Dimensional Material Point Analysis (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Coombs, W., Wang, L., & Augarde, C. (2021, May). Overcoming Volumetric Locking in Three-Dimensional Material Point Analysis. Presented at IACMAG 2021

The material point method is ideally suited to modelling large deformation problems in three dimensions, especially in cases where the finite element method struggles due to mesh distortion. However, when the method is used to analyse problems with n... Read More about Overcoming Volumetric Locking in Three-Dimensional Material Point Analysis.

Earth stabilisation via carbonate precipitation by plant-derived urease for building applications (2020)
Journal Article
Cuccurullo, A., Gallipoli, D., Bruno, A., Augarde, C., Hughes, P., & La Borderie, C. (2022). Earth stabilisation via carbonate precipitation by plant-derived urease for building applications. Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment, 30, Article 100230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gete.2020.100230

Raw (unfired) earth represents a sustainable and efficient alternative to traditional construction materials but its dissemination into building practice has been hindered by a relatively high vulnerability to water erosion. Enzyme induced carbonate... Read More about Earth stabilisation via carbonate precipitation by plant-derived urease for building applications.

A cone penetration test (CPT) approach to cable plough performance prediction based upon centrifuge model testing (2020)
Journal Article
Robinson, S., Brown, M., Matsui, H., Brennan, A., Augarde, C., Coombs, W., & Cortis, M. (2021). A cone penetration test (CPT) approach to cable plough performance prediction based upon centrifuge model testing. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 58(10), 1466-1477. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2020-0366

Cable ploughing is an important technique for burying and protecting offshore cables. The ability to predict the required tow force and plough performance is essential to allow vessel selection and project programming. Existing tow force models requi... Read More about A cone penetration test (CPT) approach to cable plough performance prediction based upon centrifuge model testing.

Effects of screw pile installation on installation requirements and in-service performance using the Discrete Element Method (2020)
Journal Article
Sharif, Y., Brown, M., Cerfontaine, B., Davidson, C., Ciantia, M., Knappett, J., …Ottolini, M. (2021). Effects of screw pile installation on installation requirements and in-service performance using the Discrete Element Method. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 58(9), 1334-1350. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2020-0241

Existing guidance on the installation of screw piles suggest that they should be installed in a pitch-matched manner to avoid disturbance to the soil which may have a detrimental effect on the in-service performance of the pile. Recent insights from... Read More about Effects of screw pile installation on installation requirements and in-service performance using the Discrete Element Method.

Physical modelling to demonstrate the feasibility of screw piles for offshore jacket supported wind energy structures (2020)
Journal Article
Davidson, C., Brown, M., Cerfontaine, B., Knappett, J., Brennan, A., Al-Baghdadi, T., …Ball, J. (2022). Physical modelling to demonstrate the feasibility of screw piles for offshore jacket supported wind energy structures. Géotechnique, 72(2), 108-126. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.18.p.311

Screw piles potentially offer quieter installation and enhanced axial tensile capacity over straight-shafted driven piles. As such, they have been suggested as a possible foundation solution for offshore jacket supported wind turbines in deeper water... Read More about Physical modelling to demonstrate the feasibility of screw piles for offshore jacket supported wind energy structures.

An implicit non-ordinary state-based peridynamics with stabilised correspondence material model for finite deformation analysis (2020)
Journal Article
Hashim, N. A., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., & Hattori, G. (2020). An implicit non-ordinary state-based peridynamics with stabilised correspondence material model for finite deformation analysis. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 371, Article 113304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2020.113304

This paper is devoted to the development of a stabilised implicit non-ordinary state-based peridynamics approach. We propose a geometrically nonlinear implicit approach focusing on quasi-static analyses. Since the construction of the Jacobian matrix... Read More about An implicit non-ordinary state-based peridynamics with stabilised correspondence material model for finite deformation analysis.

A Finite Element approach for determining the full load-displacement relationship of axially-loaded shallow screw anchors, incorporating installation effects (2020)
Journal Article
Cerfontaine, B., Knappett, J., Brown, M., Davidson, C., Al-Baghdadi, T., Sharif, Y., …Ball, J. (2021). A Finite Element approach for determining the full load-displacement relationship of axially-loaded shallow screw anchors, incorporating installation effects. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 58(4), 565-582. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2019-0548

Screw anchors have been recognised as an innovative solution to support offshore jacket structures and floating systems, due to their low noise installation and potential enhanced uplift capacity. Results published in the literature have shown that f... Read More about A Finite Element approach for determining the full load-displacement relationship of axially-loaded shallow screw anchors, incorporating installation effects.

Durability and hygroscopic behaviour of biopolymer stabilised earthen construction materials (2020)
Journal Article
Muguda, S., Lucas, G., Hughes, P. N., Augarde, C. E., Perlot, C., Bruno, A. W., & Gallipoli, D. (2020). Durability and hygroscopic behaviour of biopolymer stabilised earthen construction materials. Construction and Building Materials, 259, Article 119725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119725

Earthen construction materials are often chemically stabilised in order to improve their durability against water-induced deterioration. However, chemical stabilisers like cement can negatively affect the hygroscopic behaviour and recyclability poten... Read More about Durability and hygroscopic behaviour of biopolymer stabilised earthen construction materials.

Non-conforming multipatches for NURBS-based finite element analysis of higher-order phase-field models for brittle fracture (2020)
Journal Article
Nguyen, K., Augarde, C., Coombs, W., Nguyen-Xuan, H., & Abdel-Wahab, M. (2020). Non-conforming multipatches for NURBS-based finite element analysis of higher-order phase-field models for brittle fracture. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 235, Article 107133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2020.107133

This paper proposes an effective computational tool for brittle crack propagation problems based on a combination of a higher-order phase-field model and a non-conforming mesh using a NURBS-based isogeometric approach. This combination, as demonstrat... Read More about Non-conforming multipatches for NURBS-based finite element analysis of higher-order phase-field models for brittle fracture.

Geotechnical characterisation of recycled biopolymer-stabilised earthen materials (2019)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Muguda, S., Hughes, P., Augarde, C., Perlot, C., Bruno, A., & Gallipoli, D. (2019). Geotechnical characterisation of recycled biopolymer-stabilised earthen materials.

Earthen structures (i.e. structural units manufactured from soil) are often regarded as sustainable forms of construction due to their characteristically low carbon footprint. Unstabilised earthen materials can easily be recycled or disposed, however... Read More about Geotechnical characterisation of recycled biopolymer-stabilised earthen materials.

AMPLE: A Material Point Learning Environment (2019)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Bing, Y., Charlton, T., Cortis, M., Ghaffari Motlagh, Y., & Wang, L. (2019, December). AMPLE: A Material Point Learning Environment. Paper presented at Second International Conference on the Material Point Method for Modelling Soil-Water-Structure Interaction, Cambridge, UK

Influence of particle grading on the hygromechanical properties of hypercompacted earth (2019)
Journal Article
Cuccurullo, A., Gallipoli, D., Bruno, A. W., Augarde, C., Hughes, P., & La Borderie, C. (2020). Influence of particle grading on the hygromechanical properties of hypercompacted earth. Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation, 5(1), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-019-0066-4

Civil engineering research is increasingly focusing on the development of sustainable and energy-efficient building materials. Among these materials, raw (unfired) earth constitutes a promising option for reducing the environmental impact of building... Read More about Influence of particle grading on the hygromechanical properties of hypercompacted earth.

AMPLE: A Material Point Learning Environment (2019)
Journal Article
Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2020). AMPLE: A Material Point Learning Environment. Advances in Engineering Software, 139, Article 102748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2019.102748

The Material Point Method is a computational tool ideally suited to modelling solid mechanics problems involving large deformations where conventional mesh-based methods struggle. Explicit and implicit formulations are available, but for both the lea... Read More about AMPLE: A Material Point Learning Environment.

On Lagrangian mechanics and the implicit material point method for large deformation elasto-plasticity (2019)
Journal Article
Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Brennan, A., Brown, M., Charlton, T., Knappett, J., …Wang, L. (2020). On Lagrangian mechanics and the implicit material point method for large deformation elasto-plasticity. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 358, Article 112622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2019.112622

The material point method is ideally suited to modelling problems involving large deformations where conventional mesh-based methods would struggle. However, total and updated Lagrangian approaches are unsuitable and non-ideal, respectively, in terms... Read More about On Lagrangian mechanics and the implicit material point method for large deformation elasto-plasticity.

On the use of domain-based material point methods for problems involving large distortion (2019)
Journal Article
Wang, L., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Cortis, M., Charlton, T., Brown, M., …Blake, A. (2019). On the use of domain-based material point methods for problems involving large distortion. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 355, 1003-1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2019.07.011

Challenging solid mechanics problems exist in areas such as geotechnical and biomedical engineering which require numerical methods that can cope with very large deformations, both stretches and torsion. One candidate for these problems is the Materi... Read More about On the use of domain-based material point methods for problems involving large distortion.

Thermoelastic fracture modelling in 2D by an adaptive cracking particle method without enrichment functions (2019)
Journal Article
Ai, W., & Augarde, C. E. (2019). Thermoelastic fracture modelling in 2D by an adaptive cracking particle method without enrichment functions. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 160, 343-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.06.033

Thermoelastic fracture of brittle materials is a key concern for many types of engineering structures such as aerospace components and pressure vessels. These problems present difficulties in modelling as they involve coupling of the effects of therm... Read More about Thermoelastic fracture modelling in 2D by an adaptive cracking particle method without enrichment functions.

A configurational force driven cracking particle method for modelling crack propagation in 2D (2019)
Journal Article
Ai, W., Bird, R., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2019). A configurational force driven cracking particle method for modelling crack propagation in 2D. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 104, 197-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2019.03.008

This paper presents a novel combination of two numerical techniques to produce a method for solving fracture mechanics problems. A weak form meshless method, the cracking particles method, forms the basis of the mechanical model while crack propagati... Read More about A configurational force driven cracking particle method for modelling crack propagation in 2D.

Advances in the Use of Biological Stabilisers and Hyper-compaction for Sustainable Earthen Construction Materials (2019)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Muguda, S., Lucas, G., Hughes, P., Augarde, C., Cuccurullo, A., Bruno, A. W., Perlot, C., & Gallipoli, D. (2018, December). Advances in the Use of Biological Stabilisers and Hyper-compaction for Sustainable Earthen Construction Materials. Presented at International Symposium on Earthen Structures 2018 (ISES2018), Bangalore, India

In the majority of cases, earthen construction materials for real buildings require amendment to deliver suitable material properties, which could be some additional strength or resilience to erosion. In modern earthen construction, in India, Austral... Read More about Advances in the Use of Biological Stabilisers and Hyper-compaction for Sustainable Earthen Construction Materials.

Weak impositions of Dirichlet boundary conditions in solid mechanics: a critique of current approaches and extension to partially prescribed boundaries (2019)
Journal Article
Lu, K., Augarde, C., Coombs, W., & Hu, Z. (2019). Weak impositions of Dirichlet boundary conditions in solid mechanics: a critique of current approaches and extension to partially prescribed boundaries. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 348, 632-659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2019.01.035

In this article we first review various approaches developed to date for the weak imposition of Dirichlet boundary conditions in fictitious domain analysis for elasticity problems. The Hellinger-Reissner (H-R) principle, the linked Lagrange multiplie... Read More about Weak impositions of Dirichlet boundary conditions in solid mechanics: a critique of current approaches and extension to partially prescribed boundaries.

An implicit boundary finite element method with extension to frictional sliding boundary conditions and elasto-plastic analyses (2019)
Journal Article
Lu, K., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., & Hu, L. (2020). An implicit boundary finite element method with extension to frictional sliding boundary conditions and elasto-plastic analyses. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 358, Article 112620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2019.112620

Implicit boundary methods, which enrich the interpolation structure with implicit weight functions, are straightforward methods for the enforcement of Dirichlet boundary conditions. In this article, we follow the implicit boundary method that uses ap... Read More about An implicit boundary finite element method with extension to frictional sliding boundary conditions and elasto-plastic analyses.

B-spline based boundary conditions in the material point method (2018)
Journal Article
Bing, Y., Cortis, M., Charlton, T., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2019). B-spline based boundary conditions in the material point method. Computers and Structures, 212, 257-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2018.11.003

The material point method is an increasingly popular method for tackling solid mechanics problems involving large deformations. However, there are issues associated with applying boundary conditions in the method and, to date, no general approach for... Read More about B-spline based boundary conditions in the material point method.

Centrifuge testing to verify scaling of offshore pipeline ploughs (2018)
Journal Article
Robinson, S., Brown, M., Matsui, H., Brennan, A., Augarde, C., Coombs, W., & Cortis, M. (2019). Centrifuge testing to verify scaling of offshore pipeline ploughs. International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 19(6), 305-317. https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.17.00075

Offshore pipeline ploughs have previously been modelled at 1g with small 1:50 scale models designed to derive the parameters required for prediction of ploughing in terms of tow force requirements and potential advance rates. This was scaled up to pr... Read More about Centrifuge testing to verify scaling of offshore pipeline ploughs.

The effect of ambient humidity on the stiffness and strength of a hyper-compacted silty clay for earth building (2018)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cuccurullo, A., Gallipoli, D., Bruno, A., La Borderie, C., Augarde, C., & Hughes, P. (2018). The effect of ambient humidity on the stiffness and strength of a hyper-compacted silty clay for earth building.

The effect of pore suction and water content on the engineering properties of partially saturated soils has been extensively studied by geotechnical researchers. It is well known that unsaturated soils become stiffer, stronger and less permeable as s... Read More about The effect of ambient humidity on the stiffness and strength of a hyper-compacted silty clay for earth building.

Preliminary study on use of biopolymers in earthen construction (2018)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Muguda, S., Booth, S., Hughes, P., Augarde, C., Perlot, C., Bruno, A., & Gallipoli, D. (2018). Preliminary study on use of biopolymers in earthen construction.

Biopolymers are known to achieve significant soil stabilisation when working with small quan-tities. There have been studies understanding their effects on permeability, strength, compressibility and dura-bility, however, there are few studies explor... Read More about Preliminary study on use of biopolymers in earthen construction.

On the Use of Advanced Material Point Methods for Problems Involving Large Rotational Deformation (2018)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Wang, L., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2018, July). On the Use of Advanced Material Point Methods for Problems Involving Large Rotational Deformation. Paper presented at 13th World Congress on Computational Mechanics / 2nd Pan American Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM 2018), New York, USA

The Material Point Method (MPM) is a quasi Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to solve solid mechanics problems involving large deformations. The standard MPM discretises the physical domain using material points which are advected through a standard finit... Read More about On the Use of Advanced Material Point Methods for Problems Involving Large Rotational Deformation.

Centrifuge modelling of screw piles for offshore wind energy foundations (2018)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Davidson, C., Al-Baghdadi, T., Brown, M., Knappett, J., Brennan, A., Augarde, C., …Ball, J. (2018). Centrifuge modelling of screw piles for offshore wind energy foundations. In A. McNamara, S. Divall, R. Goodey, N. Taylor, S. Stallebrass, & J. Panchal (Eds.), Physical modelling in geotechnics : proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics (ICPMG 2018), July 17-20, 2018, London, United Kingdom. Volume 1 (695-700)

Screw piles (helical piles) can provide a viable, cost-effective and low-noise installation alternative to increasing the size of existing foundation solutions (e.g. monopiles) to meet the demand for the advancement of offshore wind energy into deepe... Read More about Centrifuge modelling of screw piles for offshore wind energy foundations.

Issues with the Material Point Method for geotechnical modelling, and how to address them (2018)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Augarde, C., Bing, Y., Charlton, T., Coombs, W., Cortis, M., Brown, M., & Brennan, A. (2018). Issues with the Material Point Method for geotechnical modelling, and how to address them. In A. . S. Cardoso, J. . L. Borges, P. . A. Costa, A. . T. Gomes, J. . C. Marques, & C. . S. Vieira (Eds.), Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering IX, Volume 1 : Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering (NUMGE 2018), June 25-27, 2018, Porto, Portugal (593-601)

On the use of the material point method to model problems involving large rotational deformation (2018)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Wang, L., Coombs, W. M., Augarde, C. E., Brown, M. J., Knappett, J., Brennan, A., …Blake, A. (2018). On the use of the material point method to model problems involving large rotational deformation. In A. S. Cardoso, J. L. Borges, P. A. Costa, A. T. Gomes, J. C. Marques, & C. S. Vieira (Eds.), Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering IX, Volume 1 : Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering (NUMGE 2018), June 25-27, 2018, Porto, Portugal (585-592)

A modified CPT based installation torque prediction for large screw piles in sand (2018)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Davidson, C., Al-Baghdadi, T., Brown, M., Knappett, J., Brennan, A., Augarde, C., …Ball, J. (2018). A modified CPT based installation torque prediction for large screw piles in sand. In M. A. Hicks, F. Pisanò, & J. Peuchen (Eds.), Cone Penetration Testing IV 2018 : proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing (CPT'18), 21-22 June, 2018, Delft, The Netherlands (255-261). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429505980

Screw piles have been suggested as an alternative foundation solution to straight-shafted piles for jacket supported offshore wind turbines in deep water. The significant environmental loads in the marine environment will require substantially larger... Read More about A modified CPT based installation torque prediction for large screw piles in sand.

On the use of advanced material point methods for problems involving large rotational deformation (2018)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Wang, L., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2018, June). On the use of advanced material point methods for problems involving large rotational deformation. Paper presented at 6th European Conference on Computational Mechanics and 7th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, Glasgow, UK

The Material Point Method (MPM) is a quasi Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to solve solid mechanics problems involving large deformations. The standard MPM [1] discretises the physical domain using material points which are advected through a standard f... Read More about On the use of advanced material point methods for problems involving large rotational deformation.

Strength characterisation of soil-based construction materials (2018)
Journal Article
Beckett, C., Augarde, C., Easton, D., & Easton, T. (2018). Strength characterisation of soil-based construction materials. Géotechnique, 68(5), 400-409. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.16.p.288

Rammed earth (RE) is a venerable construction technique, gaining attention today owing to its environmental and sustainable qualities. A key obstacle to its wider adoption is a lack of strength characterisation methods to aid in design and conservati... Read More about Strength characterisation of soil-based construction materials.

The point collocation method with a local maximum entropy approach (2018)
Journal Article
Fan, L., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2018). The point collocation method with a local maximum entropy approach. Computers and Structures, 201, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2018.02.008

Meshless methods have long been a topic of interest in computational modelling in solid mechanics and are broadly divided into weak and strong form-based approaches. The need for numerical integration in the former remains a challenge often met by us... Read More about The point collocation method with a local maximum entropy approach.

An adaptive cracking particle method providing explicit and accurate description of 3D crack surfaces (2018)
Journal Article
Ai, W., & Augarde, C. (2018). An adaptive cracking particle method providing explicit and accurate description of 3D crack surfaces. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 114(12), 1291-1309. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.5786

Cracks in 3D have arbitrary shapes and therefore present difficulties for numerical modelling. A novel adaptive cracking particle method with explicit and accurate description of 3D cracks is described in this paper. In this meshless method, crack su... Read More about An adaptive cracking particle method providing explicit and accurate description of 3D crack surfaces.

A multi-cracked particle method for complex fracture problems in 2D (2018)
Journal Article
Ai, W., & Augarde, C. E. (2018). A multi-cracked particle method for complex fracture problems in 2D. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 150, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2018.02.005

Practical fracture problems are characterised by complex patterns of multiple and branching cracks, somewhat far removed from the fracture problems used for validation of numerical methods, involving single cracks, and the simulation of complex multi... Read More about A multi-cracked particle method for complex fracture problems in 2D.

Overcoming volumetric locking in material point methods (2018)
Journal Article
Coombs, W., Charlton, T., Cortis, M., & Augarde, C. (2018). Overcoming volumetric locking in material point methods. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 333, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2018.01.010

Material point methods suffer from volumetric locking when modelling near incompressible materials due to the combination of a low-order computational mesh and large numbers of material points per element. Large numbers of material points per element... Read More about Overcoming volumetric locking in material point methods.

Influence of soil grading on the hygro-mechancal properties of hyper-compacted earth for masonry construction (2018)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cuccurullo, A., Gallipoli, D., Bruno, A. W., Augarde, C. E., Hughes, P., & La Borderie, C. (2018). Influence of soil grading on the hygro-mechancal properties of hyper-compacted earth for masonry construction. In G. Milani, A. Taliercio, & S. Garrity (Eds.),

This paper presents a study, at material scale, of the dependency between particle size distribution and the mechanical, hygroscopic and durability properties of compacted raw (unfired) earth for manufacturing bricks. Stiffness and strength are measu... Read More about Influence of soil grading on the hygro-mechancal properties of hyper-compacted earth for masonry construction.

Mechanical properties of biopolymer-stabilised soil-based construction materials (2017)
Journal Article
Muguda, S., Booth, S. J., Hughes, P. N., Augarde, C. E., Perlot, C., Bruno, A. W., & Gallipoli, D. (2017). Mechanical properties of biopolymer-stabilised soil-based construction materials. Géotechnique Letters, 7(4), 309-314. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.17.00081

Soil-based construction materials are of interest as structural building materials due to their green credentials, as well as being present in many historical structures. For effective conservation of the latter, and to motivate greater uptake for ne... Read More about Mechanical properties of biopolymer-stabilised soil-based construction materials.

CPT-based design procedure for installation torque prediction for screw piles installed in sand (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Al-Baghdadi, T., Brown, M., Davidson, C., Knappett, J., Brennan, A., Wang, L., …Blake, A. (2017). CPT-based design procedure for installation torque prediction for screw piles installed in sand. In Offshore site investigation and geotechnics : integrated geotechnologies - present and future : proceedings of the 8th international conference, held 12–14 September 2017 at the Royal Geographical Society, London (346-353)

Screw piles (helical piles) have been used widely as foundations for onshore projects due to their ability to provide high compressive and tensile resistance as well as reduced noise/vibration during installation. These types of piles have been propo... Read More about CPT-based design procedure for installation torque prediction for screw piles installed in sand.

Improvement of seabed cable plough tow force prediction models (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Robinson, S., Brown, M., Brennan, A., Cortis, M., Augarde, C., & Coombs, W. (2017). Improvement of seabed cable plough tow force prediction models. In Offshore site investigation and geotechnics : integrated geotechnologies - present and future. Proceedings of the 8th international conference, held 12–14 September 2017 at the Royal Geographical Society, London (914-921)

As the use of offshore renewable energy sources such as wind and wave energy systems expands, they represent an increasing portion of the energy mix. Subsea cables connecting these resources are subject to many hazards, making cable burial using cabl... Read More about Improvement of seabed cable plough tow force prediction models.

Imposition of essential boundary conditions in the material point method (2017)
Journal Article
Cortis, M., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Brown, M., Brennan, A., & Robinson, S. (2018). Imposition of essential boundary conditions in the material point method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 113(1), 130-152. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.5606

There is increasing interest in the Material Point Method (MPM) as a means of modelling solid mechanics problems in which very large deformations occur, e.g. in the study of landslides and metal forming, however some aspects vital to wider use of the... Read More about Imposition of essential boundary conditions in the material point method.

iGIMP: An implicit generalised interpolation material point method for large deformations (2017)
Journal Article
Charlton, T., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2017). iGIMP: An implicit generalised interpolation material point method for large deformations. Computers and Structures, 190, 108-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2017.05.004

The Material Point Method (MPM) uses a combined Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to solve problems involving large deformations. A problem domain is discretised as material points which are advected on a background grid. Problems are encountered with the... Read More about iGIMP: An implicit generalised interpolation material point method for large deformations.

The modelling of soil-tool interaction using the material point method (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cortis, M., Coombs, W. M., Augarde, C. E., Robinson, S., Brennan, A., & Brown, M. (2017). The modelling of soil-tool interaction using the material point method. In A. Faramarzi, & S. Dirar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Mechanics (UKACM 2017) : 11th – 13th April 2017, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (211-214)

The material point method (MPM) is a numerical tool able to model very large deformations in solid mechanics such as geotechnical problems. To date, soil-tool interaction modelling in the MPM is somewhat difficult, especially when the tool position i... Read More about The modelling of soil-tool interaction using the material point method.

On the implementation of gradient plasticity with the material point method (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Charlton, T. J., Coombs, W. M., & Augarde, C. E. (2017). On the implementation of gradient plasticity with the material point method. In A. Faramarzi, & S. Dirar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Mechanics (UKACM 2017) : 11th – 13th April 2017, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (240-243)

The Material Point Method (MPM) is a computational method which allows solid mechanics problems to be modelled using material points which move through a fixed background grid. State variables are stored at these material points and tracked throughou... Read More about On the implementation of gradient plasticity with the material point method.

An implicit implementation of non-ordinary state-based peridynamics (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Hashim, N., Coombs, W., Hattori, G., & Augarde, C. (2017). An implicit implementation of non-ordinary state-based peridynamics. In A. Faramarzi, & S. Dirar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Mechanics (UKACM 2017) : 11th – 13th April 2017, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (134-137)

Peridynamics is a non-local continuum theory that was introduced by Silling. Its key advantage is its use of integral equation forms of the underlying physics, as compared to the partial differential equations in, say the finite element method and th... Read More about An implicit implementation of non-ordinary state-based peridynamics.

Implicit MPM with second-order convected particle domain interpolation (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Wang, L., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., & Brown, M. (2017). Implicit MPM with second-order convected particle domain interpolation. In A. Faramarzi, & S. Dirar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Mechanics (UKACM 2017) : 11th – 13th April 2017, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (264-267)

An implicit material point method (MPM) with the second-order convected particle interpolation (CPDI2) is presented in this paper. In the MPM a body is described by a number of Lagrangian material points, at which state variables are stored and track... Read More about Implicit MPM with second-order convected particle domain interpolation.

Energy dissipation in granular materials in triaxial tests (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Mukwiri, R., Ghaffari Motlagh, Y., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2017). Energy dissipation in granular materials in triaxial tests. In A. Faramarzi, & S. Dirar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Mechanics (UKACM 2017) : 11th – 13th April 2017, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (191-194)

The triaxial test is used in a laboratory to investigate the behaviour of geotechnical materials (e.g. clays and sands). The difficulty in measuring some properties of granular media such as energy changes throughout the test have motivated the curre... Read More about Energy dissipation in granular materials in triaxial tests.

Modelling screwpile installation using the MPM (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Wang, L., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Brown, M., Knappett, J., Brennan, A., …Blake, A. (2017). Modelling screwpile installation using the MPM. Procedia engineering, 175, 124-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.040

Screwpiles are, as the name suggests, piled foundations which are screwed into the ground. They provide restraint to both upwards and downward loading directions and are commonly used for light structures subject to overturning or wind loading, such... Read More about Modelling screwpile installation using the MPM.

Modelling seabed ploughing using the material point method (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cortis, M., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Robinson, S., Brown, M., & Brennan, A. (2017). Modelling seabed ploughing using the material point method. In A. Rohe, K. Soga, H. Teunissen, & B. Z. Coelho (Eds.), . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.002

Ploughing of the seabed is needed for the installation of cables and pipelines and is an area of construction likely to increase given plans in the UK and elsewhere for offshore marine energy (wind and tidal). Seabed ploughing is an expensive and som... Read More about Modelling seabed ploughing using the material point method.

Gradient elasto-plasticity with the generalised interpolation material point method (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Charlton, T., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2017). Gradient elasto-plasticity with the generalised interpolation material point method. Procedia engineering, 175, 110-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.036

The modelling of geomechanics problems can require a method that allows large deformations and non-linear material behaviour, in this respect the Generalised Material Point Method (GIMPM) is ideal. A fully implicit version of GIMPM has recently been... Read More about Gradient elasto-plasticity with the generalised interpolation material point method.

Improving seabed cable plough performance for offshore renewable energy (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Robinson, S., Brown, M., Brennan, A., Cortis, M., Augarde, C., & Coombs, W. (2016). Improving seabed cable plough performance for offshore renewable energy. In C. Guedes Soares, (Ed.), Progress in renewable energies offshore : proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Renewable Energies Offshore (RENEW2016), Lisbon, Portugal, 24-26 October 2016 (1-7). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315229256

Seabed ploughing plays an important part in providing protection to subsea cables that connect offshore renewables, and the process represents a significant portion of the overall installation cost. Current models for predicting the required tow forc... Read More about Improving seabed cable plough performance for offshore renewable energy.

Parallel computations in nonlinear solid mechanics using adaptive finite element and meshless methods (2016)
Journal Article
Ullah, Z., Coombs, W. M., & Augarde, C. E. (2016). Parallel computations in nonlinear solid mechanics using adaptive finite element and meshless methods. Engineering Computations, 33(4), 1161-1191. https://doi.org/10.1108/EC-06-2015-0166

Purpose A variety of meshless methods have been developed in the last twenty years with an intention to solve practical engineering problems, but are limited to small academic problems due to associated high computational cost as compared to the stan... Read More about Parallel computations in nonlinear solid mechanics using adaptive finite element and meshless methods.

An Adaptive Cracking Particle Method for 2D Crack Propagation (2016)
Journal Article
Ai, W., & Augarde, C. (2016). An Adaptive Cracking Particle Method for 2D Crack Propagation. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 108(13), 1626-1648. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.5269

Computational modelling of fracture has been attempted in the past with a range of numerical approaches including finite element, extended finite element and meshless methods. The cracking particle method (CPM) of Rabczuk is a pragmatic alternative t... Read More about An Adaptive Cracking Particle Method for 2D Crack Propagation.

Branched crack modelling with the Cracking Particle Method (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ai, W., Augarde, C., & Trevelyan, J. (2016). Branched crack modelling with the Cracking Particle Method. In Proceedings of the 24th UK Conference of the Association for Computational Mechanics in Engineering, 31 March - 01 April 2016, Cardiff University, Cardiff (125-128)

Multiple crack simulation is of great importance in failure analysis since fracture in brittle materials in practice usually comprises multiple cracks. Traditional numerical methods like the extended finite element and the element free Galerkin metho... Read More about Branched crack modelling with the Cracking Particle Method.

Implicit essential boundaries in the Material Point Method (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cortis, M., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2016). Implicit essential boundaries in the Material Point Method. In Proceedings of the 24th UK Conference of the Association for Computational Mechanics in Engineering, 31 March - 01 April 2016, Cardiff University, Cardiff (116-119)

The Material Point Method (MPM) is a numerical boundary value problem (BVP) solver developed from particle- in-cell (PIC) methods that discretises the continuum into a set of material points. Information at these material points is mapped to a backgr... Read More about Implicit essential boundaries in the Material Point Method.

Gradient elasticity with the material point method (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Charlton, T., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2016). Gradient elasticity with the material point method. In Proceedings of the 24th UK Conference of the Association for Computational Mechanics in Engineering, 31 March - 01 April 2016, Cardiff University, Cardiff (112-115)

The Material Point Method (MPM) is a method that allows solid mechanics problems with large deformation and non-linearity to be modelled using particles at which state variables are stored and tracked. Calculations are then carried out on a regular b... Read More about Gradient elasticity with the material point method.

Energy dissipation in granular material under 1D compression (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Mukwiri, R., Ghaffari Motlagh, Y., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2016). Energy dissipation in granular material under 1D compression. In Proceedings of the 24th UK Conference of the Association for Computational Mechanics in Engineering, 31 March - 01 April 2016, Cardiff University, Cardiff (231-234)

In recent years it has been shown that the micro-mechanics of one-dimensional normal compression of sands can be modelled in three-dimensions within the discrete element method [7]. The compression is displacement driven such that the top platen of t... Read More about Energy dissipation in granular material under 1D compression.

Temporary propping at Crossrail Paddington Station (2016)
Journal Article
Chambers, P., Augarde, C., Reed, S., & Dobbins, A. (2016). Temporary propping at Crossrail Paddington Station. Geotechnical Research, 3(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgere.15.00009

The construction of Crossrail Paddington station in London (between 2011 and 2018) required a large temporary propping system, which contained one of the most comprehensive monitoring schemes to date. This paper explores the design and operation of t... Read More about Temporary propping at Crossrail Paddington Station.

Numerical simulation of fracking in shale rocks: current state and future approaches (2016)
Journal Article
Hattori, G., Trevelyan, J., Augarde, C., Coombs, W., & Aplin, A. (2017). Numerical simulation of fracking in shale rocks: current state and future approaches. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 24(2), 281-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-016-9169-0

Extracting gas from shale rocks is one of the current engineering challenges but offers the prospect of cheap gas. Part of the development of an effective engineering solution for shale gas extraction in the future will be the availability of reliabl... Read More about Numerical simulation of fracking in shale rocks: current state and future approaches.

Fibre reinforcement in earthen construction materials (2015)
Journal Article
Readle, D., Coghlan, S., Smith, J., Corbin, A., & Augarde, C. (2016). Fibre reinforcement in earthen construction materials. Construction Materials, 169(5), 252-260. https://doi.org/10.1680/jcoma.15.00039

Earthen construction materials are generally brittle with low tensile strength. To deal with this in practice, it is often proposed that reinforcement be added in the form of fibres of various materials. Construction in earthquake-prone parts of the... Read More about Fibre reinforcement in earthen construction materials.

First International Conference on Rammed Earth Construction: report (2015)
Journal Article
Ciancio, D., Beckett, C., Augarde, C., & Jaquin, P. (2016). First International Conference on Rammed Earth Construction: report. Construction Materials, 169(5), 271-275. https://doi.org/10.1680/jcoma.15.00038

In February 2015, the University of Western Australia organised the First International Conference on Rammed Earth Construction. The event was a major success with participants from 11 countries. The participants were representatives from the researc... Read More about First International Conference on Rammed Earth Construction: report.

An overview of research activities and achievement in Geotechnics from the Scottish Universities Geotechnics Network (SUGN) (2015)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Leung, A., Anastasopoulos, I., Augarde, C., Barreto, D., Brennan, A., Brown, M., …Zielinski, M. (2015). An overview of research activities and achievement in Geotechnics from the Scottish Universities Geotechnics Network (SUGN). In M. . G. Winter, D. . M. Smith, P. . J. . L. Eldred, & D. . G. Toll (Eds.), Geotechnical engineering for infrastructure and development : XVI European conference on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering (4289-4294)

ABSTRACT: Design of geotechnical systems is often challenging as it requires the understanding of complex soil behaviour and its influence on field-scale performance of geo-structures. To advance the scientific knowledge and the technological develop... Read More about An overview of research activities and achievement in Geotechnics from the Scottish Universities Geotechnics Network (SUGN).

Geotechnical aspects of earthen construction materials (2015)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Augarde, C. E., Smith, J. C., Corbin, A. C., Ciancio, D., Beckett, C. T. S., & Jaquin, P. A. (2015). Geotechnical aspects of earthen construction materials. In M. G. Winter, D. M. Smith, P. J. L. Eldred, & D. G. Toll (Eds.), Geotechnical engineering for infrastructure and development : XVI European conference on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering (535-540). https://doi.org/10.1680/ecsmge.60678

ABSTRACT: Earthen construction and soil-based construction materials (SBCMs) are expanding areas of interest worldwide. They offer the potential for low carbon and embodied energy, sustainability through recycling and an alternative to high energy ma... Read More about Geotechnical aspects of earthen construction materials.

Investigation into the shear behaviour of rammed earth using shear box tests (2015)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Corbin, A. C., & Augarde, C. E. (2015). Investigation into the shear behaviour of rammed earth using shear box tests. In S. Amziane, & M. Sonebi (Eds.), Proceedings of the First International Conference on Bio-based Building Materials (93-98)

Scientific investigations into the structural properties of rammed earth (RE) are gaining momentum and a number of parameters (e.g. suction, particle size distribution and water content), influential on material strength and other properties, have be... Read More about Investigation into the shear behaviour of rammed earth using shear box tests.

On the implicit implementation of the Generalised Interpolation Material Point method (2015)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Charlton, T. J., Coombs, W. M., & Augarde, C. E. (2015). On the implicit implementation of the Generalised Interpolation Material Point method. In A. J. Gil, & R. Sevilla (Eds.), Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Mechanics, ACME-UK 2015 (413-416)

The modelling of solid mechanics problems often requires a method which allows large deformations and can account for non-linear behaviour. The Material Point Method (MPM) allows this by modelling a problem domain using particles (or Material Points,... Read More about On the implicit implementation of the Generalised Interpolation Material Point method.

A fully automatic polygon scaled boundary finite element method for modelling crack propagation (2014)
Journal Article
Dai, S., Augarde, C., Du, C., & Chen, D. (2015). A fully automatic polygon scaled boundary finite element method for modelling crack propagation. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 133, 163-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.11.011

An automatic crack propagation remeshing procedure using the polygon scaled boundary FEM is presented. The remeshing algorithm, developed to model any arbitrary shape, is simple yet flexible because only minimal changes are made to the global mesh in... Read More about A fully automatic polygon scaled boundary finite element method for modelling crack propagation.

A review of the Material Point Method and its links to other computational methods (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Charlton, T., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2014). A review of the Material Point Method and its links to other computational methods. In A. Javadi, & M. S. Hussain (Eds.), Proceedings of the 22nd UK National Conference of the Association for Computational Mechanics in Engineering, 2nd - 4th April 2014, University of Exeter, UK (17-20)

There is considerable interest in development of solid mechanics modelling which can cope with both material and geometric nonlinearity, particularly in areas such as computational geotechnics, for applications such as slope failure and foundation in... Read More about A review of the Material Point Method and its links to other computational methods.

Optimum water content tests for earthen construction materials (2014)
Journal Article
Smith, J., & Augarde, C. (2014). Optimum water content tests for earthen construction materials. Construction Materials, 167(2), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1680/coma.12.00040

There is considerable interest in earthen construction materials, owing to their inherent sustainability, and also in the conservation of heritage structures. For new-build in situ construction a key aspect of quality control is the achievement of fu... Read More about Optimum water content tests for earthen construction materials.

Fracture Energy of Stabilised Rammed Earth (2014)
Journal Article
Corbin, A., & Augarde, C. (2014). Fracture Energy of Stabilised Rammed Earth. Procedia materials science, 3, 1675-1680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.06.270

Unstabilised rammed earth (RE) is the name given to both a construction method and a material that has been used by Man for thousands of years. Recently, it has received renewed interest as the desire for sustainable construction methods has increase... Read More about Fracture Energy of Stabilised Rammed Earth.

A meshless sub-region radial point interpolation method for accurate calculation of crack tip fields (2013)
Journal Article
Zhuang, X., Cai, Y., & Augarde, C. (2014). A meshless sub-region radial point interpolation method for accurate calculation of crack tip fields. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 69, 118-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2013.12.003

A new meshless sub-region radial point interpolation method (MS-RPIM) is proposed for linear elastic fracture mechanics. The Williams expansions of stress field for mode I/II crack is used as the trial functions in crack tip region, the meshless radi... Read More about A meshless sub-region radial point interpolation method for accurate calculation of crack tip fields.

An adaptive finite element/meshless coupled method based on local maximum entropy shape functions for linear and nonlinear problems (2013)
Journal Article
Ullah, Z., Coombs, W. M., & Augarde, C. E. (2013). An adaptive finite element/meshless coupled method based on local maximum entropy shape functions for linear and nonlinear problems. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 267, 111-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2013.07.018

In this paper, an automatic adaptive coupling procedure is proposed for the finite element method (FEM) and the element-free Galerkin method (EFGM) for linear elasticity and for problems with both material and geometrical nonlinearities. In this new... Read More about An adaptive finite element/meshless coupled method based on local maximum entropy shape functions for linear and nonlinear problems.

An improved meshless Shepard and least squares method possessing the delta property and requiring no singular weight function (2013)
Journal Article
Zhuang, X., Zhu, H., & Augarde, C. (2014). An improved meshless Shepard and least squares method possessing the delta property and requiring no singular weight function. Computational Mechanics, 53(2), 343-357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-013-0912-1

The meshless Shepard and least squares (MSLS) method and the meshless Shepard method are partition of unity based meshless interpolations which eliminate the problems by other meshless methods such as the difficulty in direct imposition of the essent... Read More about An improved meshless Shepard and least squares method possessing the delta property and requiring no singular weight function.

Capacity of unreinforced rammed earth walls subject to lateral wind force: elastic analysis versus ultimate strength analysis (2013)
Journal Article
Ciancio, D., & Augarde, C. (2013). Capacity of unreinforced rammed earth walls subject to lateral wind force: elastic analysis versus ultimate strength analysis. Materials and Structures, 46(9), 1569-1585. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9998-8

Cement-stabilized rammed earth walls are an increasingly common form of construction in certain parts of the world, bringing considerable potential to reduce the carbon footprints of buildings. However, there is relatively little advice to designers... Read More about Capacity of unreinforced rammed earth walls subject to lateral wind force: elastic analysis versus ultimate strength analysis.

Macrostructural changes in compacted earthen construction materials under loading (2013)
Journal Article
Beckett, C., Hall, M., & Augarde, C. (2013). Macrostructural changes in compacted earthen construction materials under loading. Acta Geotechnica, 8(4), 423-438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-012-0203-6

There is increasing interest in the use of earthen materials for modern construction. The mechanical behaviour of these materials is strongly controlled by their internal macrostructures. Rammed earth (RE) is one example of these materials, created b... Read More about Macrostructural changes in compacted earthen construction materials under loading.

Local maximum entropy shape functions based FE-EFGM coupling (2013)
Report
Ullah, Z., Augarde, C. E., & Coombs, W. M. (2013). Local maximum entropy shape functions based FE-EFGM coupling. [No known commissioning body]

In this paper, a new method for coupling the finite element method (FEM) and the element-free Galerkin method (EFGM) is proposed for linear elastic and geometrically nonlinear problems using local maximum entropy shape functions in the EFG zone of th... Read More about Local maximum entropy shape functions based FE-EFGM coupling.

A unique Critical State two-surface hyperplasticity model for fine-grained particulate media (2013)
Journal Article
Coombs, W., Crouch, R., & Augarde, C. (2013). A unique Critical State two-surface hyperplasticity model for fine-grained particulate media. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 61(1), 175-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2012.08.002

Even mild compression can cause re-arrangement of the internal structure of clay-like geomaterials, whereby clusters of particles rotate and collapse as face-to-face contacts between the constituent mineral platelets increase at the expense of edge-t... Read More about A unique Critical State two-surface hyperplasticity model for fine-grained particulate media.

Finite deformation elasto-plastic modelling using an adaptive meshless method (2012)
Journal Article
Ullah, Z., & Augarde, C. (2013). Finite deformation elasto-plastic modelling using an adaptive meshless method. Computers and Structures, 118, 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2012.04.001

Efficient computational modelling of problems including both material and geometric nonlinearities remains challenging. Often these problems are modelled with adaptive finite element method (FEM). Meshless methods offer the attractive possibility of... Read More about Finite deformation elasto-plastic modelling using an adaptive meshless method.

On error control in the element-free Galerkin method. (2012)
Journal Article
Zhuang, X., Heaney, C., & Augarde, C. (2012). On error control in the element-free Galerkin method. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 36(3), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2011.06.011

The paper investigates discretisation error control in the element-free Galerkin method (EFGM) highlighting the differences from the finite element method (FEM). We demonstrate that the (now) conventional procedures for error analysis used in the fin... Read More about On error control in the element-free Galerkin method..

On the f fields of inadmissible stress space (2011)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Coombs, W. M., Crouch, R. S., & Augarde, C. E. (2011). On the f fields of inadmissible stress space. In E. Oñate, D. R. J. Owen, D. Peric, & B. Suárez (Eds.), Computational plasticity XI: fundamentals and applications

A fast algorithm for finding the first intersection with a non-convex yield surface (2011)
Journal Article
Sheng, D., Augarde, C., & Abbo, A. (2011). A fast algorithm for finding the first intersection with a non-convex yield surface. Computers and Geotechnics, 38(4), 465-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2011.02.008

A major task in the numerical modelling of soils using complex elastoplastic material models is stress updating. This paper proposes a fast and robust numerical algorithm for locating the first intersection between a non-convex yield surface and an e... Read More about A fast algorithm for finding the first intersection with a non-convex yield surface.

On the performance of strain smoothing for quadratic and enriched finite element approximations (XFEM/GFEM/PUFEM) (2011)
Journal Article
enriched finite element approximations (XFEM/GFEM/PUFEM). International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 86(4-5), 637-666. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.3156

By using the strain smoothing technique proposed by Chen et al. [1] for meshless methods in the context of the finite element method (FEM), Liu et al. [2] developed the Smoothed FEM (SFEM). Although the SFEM is not yet well-understood mathematically,... Read More about On the performance of strain smoothing for quadratic and enriched finite element approximations (XFEM/GFEM/PUFEM).

Unique Critical State Hyperplasticity (2011)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Coombs, W. M., Crouch, R. S., & Augarde, C. E. (2011). Unique Critical State Hyperplasticity. In O. Laghrouche, A. EL Kacimi, P. Woodward, & G. Medero (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th UK National Conference of the Association for Computational Mechanics in Engineering : 5-6 April 2011, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh (49-52)

Over the last 30 years there has been considerable interest in the extension of the modifed Cam Clay constitutive model to include anisotropic material behaviour. Many formulations have been proposed that allow the elliptical yield (or bounding) surf... Read More about Unique Critical State Hyperplasticity.

Accurate fracture modelling using meshless methods, the visibility criterion and level sets: Formulation and 2D modelling (2011)
Journal Article
Zhuang, X., Augarde, C., & Bordas, S. (2011). Accurate fracture modelling using meshless methods, the visibility criterion and level sets: Formulation and 2D modelling. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 86(2), 249-268. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.3063

Fracture modelling using numerical methods is well-advanced in 2D using techniques such as the extended nite element method (XFEM). The use of meshless methods for these problems lags somewhat behind but the potential benets of no meshing (particular... Read More about Accurate fracture modelling using meshless methods, the visibility criterion and level sets: Formulation and 2D modelling.

A new procedure for the determination of the Soil Water Retention Curves by continuous drying using high suction tensiometers (2011)
Journal Article
Lourenço, S., Gallipoli, D., Toll, D., Augarde, C., & Evans, F. (2011). A new procedure for the determination of the Soil Water Retention Curves by continuous drying using high suction tensiometers. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 48(2), 327-335. https://doi.org/10.1139/t10-062

Soil-water retention curves (SWRCs) can be determined using high-suction tensiometers (HSTs) following two different procedures that involve either continuous or discrete measurement of suction. In the former case, suction measurements are taken whil... Read More about A new procedure for the determination of the Soil Water Retention Curves by continuous drying using high suction tensiometers.

Advances in tensiometer-based suction control systems (2011)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Lourenço, S. D. N., Gallipoli, D., Toll, D. G., Augarde, C. E., & Evans, F. D. (2011). Advances in tensiometer-based suction control systems. In E. Alonso, & A. Gens (Eds.), Unsaturated soils (695-700). https://doi.org/10.1201/b10526-108

Cunningham (2000) and Jotisankasa (2005) pioneered the development of tensiometer-based suction control systems. In these systems, wetting and drying of the soil are achieved by water injection and circulation of air in contact with the specimen whil... Read More about Advances in tensiometer-based suction control systems.

Aspects of the use of orthogonal basis functions in the element-free Galerkin method (2010)
Journal Article
Zhuang, X., & Augarde, C. (2010). Aspects of the use of orthogonal basis functions in the element-free Galerkin method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 81(3), 366-380. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.2696

The element free Galerkin (EFG) method is probably the most widely used meshless method at present. In the EFG method, shape functions are derived from a moving least squares approximation using a polynomial basis, a calculation involving the inversi... Read More about Aspects of the use of orthogonal basis functions in the element-free Galerkin method.

Parameter Identification of BBM Model Using a Parallel Asynchronous Differential Evolution Algorithm (2010)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Zhang, Y., Feng, X., Gallipoli, D., & Augarde, C. E. (2010). Parameter Identification of BBM Model Using a Parallel Asynchronous Differential Evolution Algorithm. In E. Alonso, & A. Gens (Eds.), Unsaturated soils : proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Barcelona, Spain, 6-8 September 2010 (1001-1007). https://doi.org/10.1201/b10526-154

Advances in meshless methods with application to geotechnics (2010)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Heaney, C., Augarde, C., Deeks, A., Coombs, W., & Crouch, R. (2010). Advances in meshless methods with application to geotechnics. In T. Benz, & S. Nordal (Eds.), Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering (239-244)

Finite element methods are well-established for modelling problems in geotechnics involving elasto-plastic constitutive models. However, meshless methods could offer some advantages for problems involving finite deformations as the mesh entanglement... Read More about Advances in meshless methods with application to geotechnics.

70-line 3D finite deformation elastoplastic finite-element code (2010)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Coombs, W., Crouch, R., & Augarde, C. (2010). 70-line 3D finite deformation elastoplastic finite-element code. In B. T., & N. S. (Eds.), Numerical methods in geotechnical engineering : proceedings of the seventh european conference on numerical methods in geotechnical engineering, Trondheim, Norway, 2-4 June 2010 (151-156). https://doi.org/10.1201/b10551-28

Few freeware FE programs offer the capabilities to include 3D finite deformation inelastic continuum analysis; those that do are typically expressed in tens of thousands of lines. This paper offers for the first time compact MATLAB scripts forming a... Read More about 70-line 3D finite deformation elastoplastic finite-element code.

A coupled BEM/Scaled Boundary FEM formulation for accurate computations in linear elastic fracture mechanics (2010)
Journal Article
Bird, G., Trevelyan, J., & Augarde, C. (2010). A coupled BEM/Scaled Boundary FEM formulation for accurate computations in linear elastic fracture mechanics. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 34(6), 599-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2010.01.007

Issues relating to the practical implementation of the coupled boundary element–scaled boundary finite element method are addressed in this paper. A detailed approach highlights fully the process of applying boundary conditions, including the treatme... Read More about A coupled BEM/Scaled Boundary FEM formulation for accurate computations in linear elastic fracture mechanics.

Modelling elasto-plasticity using the hybrid MLPG method (2010)
Journal Article
Heaney, C., Augarde, C., & Deeks, A. (2010). Modelling elasto-plasticity using the hybrid MLPG method. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 56(2), 153-178

Meshless methods continue to generate strong interest as alternatives to conventional finite element methods. One major area of application as yet relatively unexplored with meshless methods is elasto-plasticity. In this paper we extend a novel numer... Read More about Modelling elasto-plasticity using the hybrid MLPG method.

A new partition of unity finite element free from the linear dependence problem and possessing the delta property (2010)
Journal Article
Cai, Y., Zhuang, X., & Augarde, C. (2010). A new partition of unity finite element free from the linear dependence problem and possessing the delta property. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 199(17-20), 1036-1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2009.11.019

Partition-of-unity based finite element methods (PUFEMs) have appealing capabilities for p-adaptivity and local refinement with minimal or even no remeshing of the problem domain. However, PUFEMs suffer from a number of problems that practically limi... Read More about A new partition of unity finite element free from the linear dependence problem and possessing the delta property.

Reuleaux plasticity: analytical backward Euler stress integration and consistent tangent (2010)
Journal Article
Coombs, W., Crouch, R., & Augarde, C. (2010). Reuleaux plasticity: analytical backward Euler stress integration and consistent tangent. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 199(25-28), 1733-1743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2010.01.017

Analytical backward Euler stress integration is presented for a deviatoric yielding criterion based on a modified Reuleaux triangle. The criterion is applied to a cone model which allows control over the shape of the deviatoric section, independent o... Read More about Reuleaux plasticity: analytical backward Euler stress integration and consistent tangent.

On the necessity for rotational yielding in anisotropic plasticity (2009)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Coombs, W., Crouch, R., & Augarde, C. (2009). On the necessity for rotational yielding in anisotropic plasticity. In C. Sansour (Ed.), 17th UK Conference on Computational Mechanics (ACME-UK) (345-348)

Following suggestions by Masın [1], this paper re-examines whether the inelastic irrecoverable deformation of cohesive geomaterials can be adequately captured by Bounding Surface-type plasticity models with isotropic outer-surfaces (such as that prop... Read More about On the necessity for rotational yielding in anisotropic plasticity.

Parallel Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Applications in Geotechnical Engineering (2009)
Book Chapter
Zhang, Y., Gallipoli, D., & Augarde, C. (2009). Parallel Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Applications in Geotechnical Engineering. In Z. Cai, Z. Li, Z. Kang, & Y. Liu (Eds.), Advances in computation and intelligence (466-475). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04843-2_49

A novel parallel hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm named hmPSO is presented. The new algorithm combines particle swarm optimization (PSO) with a local search method which aims to accelerate the rate of convergence. The PSO provides initial... Read More about Parallel Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Applications in Geotechnical Engineering.

The strength of unstabilised rammed earth materials (2009)
Journal Article
Jaquin, P., Augarde, C., Gallipoli, D., & Toll, D. (2009). The strength of unstabilised rammed earth materials. Géotechnique, 59(5), 487-490. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.00129

Rammed earth is a manufactured material comprising sand, gravel and clay, which is compacted between forms to build walls. Primarily a historic method of construction, it is now receiving considerable interest worldwide owing to its zero reliance on... Read More about The strength of unstabilised rammed earth materials.

Simulation-based calibration of geotechnical parameters using parallel hybrid moving boundary particle swarm optimization (2009)
Journal Article
Zhang, Y., Gallipoli, D., & Augarde, C. (2009). Simulation-based calibration of geotechnical parameters using parallel hybrid moving boundary particle swarm optimization. Computers and Geotechnics, 36(4), 604-615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2008.09.005

Simulation-based optimization methods have been recently proposed for calibrating geotechnical models from laboratory and field tests. In these methods, geotechnical parameters are identified by matching model predictions to experimental data, i.e. b... Read More about Simulation-based calibration of geotechnical parameters using parallel hybrid moving boundary particle swarm optimization.

The effects of nodal arrangement on solution accuracy in meshless methods (2009)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Zhuang, X. Y., & Augarde, C. E. (2009). The effects of nodal arrangement on solution accuracy in meshless methods. In C. Sansour (Ed.), Proceedings of the 17th annual conference of association of computational mechanics in engineering, Nottingham, UK, 6–8 April 2009 (125-128)

Unsaturated Soils. Advances in Geo-Engineering, Proceedings of the 1st European Conference, E-UNSAT 2008 (2008)
Book
Toll, D., Augarde, C., Gallipoli, D., & Wheeler, S. (Eds.). (2008). Unsaturated Soils. Advances in Geo-Engineering, Proceedings of the 1st European Conference, E-UNSAT 2008. Taylor and Francis

Unsaturated Soils: Advances in Geo-Engineering comprises 136 contributions from leading international researchers and practitioners, presented at the First European Conference on Unsaturated Soils (Durham, UK, 2-4 July 2008). The papers report on the... Read More about Unsaturated Soils. Advances in Geo-Engineering, Proceedings of the 1st European Conference, E-UNSAT 2008.

Finite element limit analysis of passive earth resistance in cohesionless soils (2008)
Journal Article
Shiau, J., Augarde, C., Lyamin, A., & Sloan, S. (2008). Finite element limit analysis of passive earth resistance in cohesionless soils. Soils and Foundations, 48(6), 843-850

This note examines the classic passive earth resistance of cohesionless soil by using two newly developed numerical procedures based on finite element formulations of the bound theorems of limit analysis and non-linear programming techniques. Solutio... Read More about Finite element limit analysis of passive earth resistance in cohesionless soils.

Chronological description of the spatial development of rammed earth techniques (2008)
Journal Article
Jaquin, P., Augarde, C., & Gerrard, C. (2008). Chronological description of the spatial development of rammed earth techniques. International Journal of Architectural Heritage: Conservation, Analysis and Restoration, 2(4), 377-400. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583050801958826

Rammed earth has been used by man for thousands of years and is currently experiencing a revival in some parts of the world as a result of its inherent sustainability. Historic rammed earth structures are scattered around the world, and much informat... Read More about Chronological description of the spatial development of rammed earth techniques.

Efficient Calculation of Stress Intensity Factors using a Coupled BEM-SBFEM Algorithm. (2008)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Bird, G. E., Trevelyan, J., & Augarde, C. E. (2008). Efficient Calculation of Stress Intensity Factors using a Coupled BEM-SBFEM Algorithm. In B. A. Schrefler, & U. Perego (Eds.), 8th World Congress on Computational Mechanics WCCM8. 5th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering ECCOMAS 2008

Unsaturated characteristics of rammed earth (2008)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Jaquin, P. A., Augarde, C. E., & Legrand, L. (2008). Unsaturated characteristics of rammed earth. In D. G. Toll, C. E. Augarde, D. Gallipoli, & S. J. Wheeler (Eds.), Unsaturated soils : advances in geo-engineering : proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Unsaturated Soils, E-UNSAT 2008, Durham, United Kingdom, 2-4 July 2008 (417-422). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203884430.ch53

Observations of unsaturated soils by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy in dynamic mode (2008)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Lourenço, S. D. N., Toll, D. G., Augarde, C. E., Gallipoli, D., Congreve, A., Smart, T., & Evans, F. (2008). Observations of unsaturated soils by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy in dynamic mode. In Unsaturated soils : advances in geo-engineering : proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Unsaturated Soils, E-UNSAT 2008, Durham, United Kingdom, 2-4 July 2008 (145-150). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203884430.ch15

The use of Timoshenko's exact solution for a cantilever beam in adaptive analysis (2008)
Journal Article
Augarde, C., & Deeks, A. (2008). The use of Timoshenko's exact solution for a cantilever beam in adaptive analysis. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 44(9-10), 595-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2008.01.010

The exact solution for the deflection and stresses in an end-loaded cantilever is widely used to demonstrate the capabilities of adaptive procedures, in finite elements, meshless methods and other numerical techniques. In many cases, however, the bou... Read More about The use of Timoshenko's exact solution for a cantilever beam in adaptive analysis.

The Effects of Geotechnical Material Properties on the convergence of iterative Solvers (2008)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Augarde, C. E., Crouch, R. S., Li, T., & Ramage, A. (2008). The Effects of Geotechnical Material Properties on the convergence of iterative Solvers. In D. Singh (Ed.),

There is increasing interest in the use of iterative rather than direct solvers for geotechnical finite element analysis. For large 3D problems iterative solvers offer the only possibility of economical solution on a desktop PC. The major stumbling b... Read More about The Effects of Geotechnical Material Properties on the convergence of iterative Solvers.

Element-based preconditioners for elasto-plastic problems in geotechnical engineering (2007)
Journal Article
Augarde, C., Ramage, A., & Staudacher, J. (2007). Element-based preconditioners for elasto-plastic problems in geotechnical engineering. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 71(7), 757-779. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1947

Iterative solvers are widely regarded as the most efficient way to solve the very large linear systems arising from finite element models. Their memory requirements are small compared to those for direct solvers. Consequently, there is a major intere... Read More about Element-based preconditioners for elasto-plastic problems in geotechnical engineering.

Historic rammed earth structures in Spain: construction techniques and a preliminary classification (2007)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Jaquin, P., Augarde, C., & Gerrard, C. (2007). Historic rammed earth structures in Spain: construction techniques and a preliminary classification. In B. V. Venkatarama Reddy, & M. Mani (Eds.), Proceedings of International Symposium on Earthen Structures 2007

Conservation and repair of historic rammed earth sites should only be undertaken if there is a good understanding of the consequences of any intervention technique. Until recently there has been little interest in the characterisation of historic ram... Read More about Historic rammed earth structures in Spain: construction techniques and a preliminary classification.

Suction measurements of a sandy-clay soil with the filter paper technique (2007)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Mendes, J., Gallipoli, D., Augarde, C., Toll, D., & Medero, G. (2007). Suction measurements of a sandy-clay soil with the filter paper technique.

This paper presents a study of the soil water retention curves of a sandy clay soil compacted at different water contents. The suction measurements were obtained using the filter paper and the psychrometer methods. For each compaction condition, the... Read More about Suction measurements of a sandy-clay soil with the filter paper technique.

Parallel Computing of Unsaturated Soils Using Element-By-Element and Domain Decomposition Methods (2007)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Zhang, Y., Gallipoli, D., & Augarde, C. (2007). Parallel Computing of Unsaturated Soils Using Element-By-Element and Domain Decomposition Methods. In Z. Z. Yin, J. P. Yuan, & A. C. .. Chiu (Eds.),

The finite element (FE) simulation of large scale boundary value problems in unsaturated soils is particularly time-consuming owing to the complex properties of the unsaturated porous media. To speed up analyses, a parallel FE code has been developed... Read More about Parallel Computing of Unsaturated Soils Using Element-By-Element and Domain Decomposition Methods.

A coupled meshfree/scaled boundary method (2006)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Augarde, C. E., & Deeks, A. J. (2006). A coupled meshfree/scaled boundary method. In G. R. Liu (Ed.), Computational Methods (1429-1433). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3953-9_65

However, it is limited to linear problems. Many soft-ground geotechnical problems require both non-linear constitutive behaviour for the soil, to capture pre-failure deformations, and the presence of an unbounded domain. Adaptive meshfree methods are... Read More about A coupled meshfree/scaled boundary method.

An element-based displacement preconditioner for linear elasticity problems (2006)
Journal Article
Augarde, C., Ramage, A., & Staudacher, J. (2006). An element-based displacement preconditioner for linear elasticity problems. Computers and Structures, 84(31-32), 2306-2315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.08.057

Finite element analysis of problems in structural and geotechnical engineering results in linear systems where the unknowns are displacements and rotations at nodes. Although the solution of these systems can be carried out using either direct or ite... Read More about An element-based displacement preconditioner for linear elasticity problems.

Analysis of historic rammed earth construction (2006)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Jaquin, P., Augarde, C., & Gerrard, C. (2006). Analysis of historic rammed earth construction. In P. B. Lourenco, P. Roca, C. Modena, & S. Agrawal (Eds.),

Rammed earth is a widely used historic building material, found in Mediterranean regions, along the Silk Road, and in parts of the Himalayas. While guidelines exist for the construction of new rammed earth structures, there is very little guidance fo... Read More about Analysis of historic rammed earth construction.

The MUSE Network: sharing research expertise on unsaturated soils across Europe (2006)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Gallipoli, D., Toll, D., Augarde, C., Tarantino, A., De Gennaro, V., Vaunat, J., …Mancuso, C. (2006). The MUSE Network: sharing research expertise on unsaturated soils across Europe. In G. A. Miller, C. E. Zapata, S. L. Houston, & D. G. Fredlund (Eds.), 4th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils ; 2-5 April, 2006, Carefree, AZ, USA.; proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1061/40802%28189%29175

The paper presents the MUSE project to academics and practitioners who have an interest in the area of unsaturated soil mechanics. The MUSE ("Mechanics of Unsaturated Soils for Engineering") project is a major research and training network funded by... Read More about The MUSE Network: sharing research expertise on unsaturated soils across Europe.

A meshless local Petrov-Galerkin scaled boundary method (2005)
Journal Article
Deeks, A., & Augarde, C. (2005). A meshless local Petrov-Galerkin scaled boundary method. Computational Mechanics, 36(3), 159-170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-004-0649-y

The scaled boundary finite-element method is a new semi-analytical approach to computational mechanics developed by Wolf and Song. The method weakens the governing differential equations by introducing shape functions along the circumferential coordi... Read More about A meshless local Petrov-Galerkin scaled boundary method.

On the effects of nodal distributions for imposition of essential boundary conditions in the MLPG meshfree method (2005)
Journal Article
Augarde, C., & Deeks, A. (2005). On the effects of nodal distributions for imposition of essential boundary conditions in the MLPG meshfree method. Communications in numerical methods in engineering, 21(7), 389-395. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.755

Imposition of essential boundary conditions in meshfree methods is made difficult because the shape functions used do not possess the delta property. Various procedures have been proposed including penalty, Lagrange multipliers and collocation. It is... Read More about On the effects of nodal distributions for imposition of essential boundary conditions in the MLPG meshfree method.

On preconditioning strategies for geotechnics (2005)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Augarde, C. E., Staudacher, J., & Ramage, A. (2005). On preconditioning strategies for geotechnics. In G. Barla, & M. Barla (Eds.),

Iterative solvers are of increasing interest in geomechanics with the move towards 3D finite element modelling. Potentially, these methods can lead to reduced computational complexity as, unlike direct methods, they do not require the full system mat... Read More about On preconditioning strategies for geotechnics.

Object Oriented Design of Parallel and Sequential Finite Element Codes (2005)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Lazarov, B., & Augarde, C. (2005). Object Oriented Design of Parallel and Sequential Finite Element Codes.

The Finite Element (FE) Method is a widely accepted general purpose numerical modelling tool. Typical FE programs consist of several hundred thousand lines of procedural code and many complex data structures. Alternative approaches, based on object o... Read More about Object Oriented Design of Parallel and Sequential Finite Element Codes.

Analysis of Tapial structures for modern use and conservation (2004)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Augarde, C., Jaquin, P., & Gerrard, C. (2004). Analysis of Tapial structures for modern use and conservation.

Tapial is an ancient form of rammed earth wall construction found in many parts of the world. In medieval Spain, Tapial was used in the construction of some large and complex structures, some many-storied. That these buildings remain standing (many r... Read More about Analysis of Tapial structures for modern use and conservation.

Interaction between multiple tunnels in soft ground (2004)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Koungelis, D., & Augarde, C. (2004). Interaction between multiple tunnels in soft ground. In A. J. Deeks, & H. Hao (Eds.), Developments in mechanics of structures & materials : proceedings of the 18th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Perth, Australia, 1-3 December 2004 (1031-1036)

An important aspect of planning for shallow tunnelling under urban areas in soft ground is the determination of likely surface movements and interaction with existing structures. Considerable research has been undertaken of this problem for the case... Read More about Interaction between multiple tunnels in soft ground.

Analysis of Tapial structures for modern use and conservation. (2004)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Jaquin, P. A., Augarde, C. E., & Gerrard, C. M. (2004). Analysis of Tapial structures for modern use and conservation. In C. Modena, P. B. Lourenço, & P. Roca (Eds.), Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions - 2 Volume Set: Possibilities of Numerical and Experimental Techniques - Proceedings of the IVth Int. Seminar on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, 10-13 November 2004, Padova, Italy (1315-1321)

Tapial is an ancient form of rammed earth wall construction found in many parts of the world. In medieval Spain, Tapial was used in the construction of some very large and complex structures, some many-storied. That these buildings remain standing (m... Read More about Analysis of Tapial structures for modern use and conservation..

Generation of shape functions for rectangular plate elements (2004)
Journal Article
Augarde, C. (2004). Generation of shape functions for rectangular plate elements. Communications in numerical methods in engineering, 20(8), 655-663. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.703

This paper describes a procedure for the generation of shape functions for a family of rectangular plate elements from Lagrangian polynomials. A novel generation procedure is developed from previous work for straight beam elements, where level one He... Read More about Generation of shape functions for rectangular plate elements.

Stresses around a square tunnel using a meshless scaled boundary method (2004)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Deeks, A., & Augarde, C. (2004). Stresses around a square tunnel using a meshless scaled boundary method.

The scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) combines advantages of the conventional displacement finite element method (FE) and the boundary element method for problems in solid mechanics. In the SBFEM, a “scaling centre” is defined for a domai... Read More about Stresses around a square tunnel using a meshless scaled boundary method.

Stability of an undrained plane strain heading revisited (2003)
Journal Article
Augarde, C., Lyamin, A., & Sloan, S. (2003). Stability of an undrained plane strain heading revisited. Computers and Geotechnics, 30(5), 419-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0266-352x%2803%2900009-0

The stability of an idealised heading in undrained soil conditions is investigated in this paper. The heading is rigidly supported along its length, while the face, which may be pressurised, is free to move. The problem approximates any flat wall in... Read More about Stability of an undrained plane strain heading revisited.

Prediction of undrained sinkhole collapse (2003)
Journal Article
Augarde, C., Lyamin, A., & Sloan, S. (2003). Prediction of undrained sinkhole collapse. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 129(3), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1061/%28asce%291090-0241%282003%29129%3A3%28197%29

Sinkholes are surface depressions or shafts resulting from the collapse of a submerged cavity in soil. The cavities that lead to sinkholes form as a result of underlying geology in limestone areas, or as a result of human activity such as mining or l... Read More about Prediction of undrained sinkhole collapse.

Numerical models in soft ground tunnelling (2003)
Book Chapter
Augarde, C. (2003). Numerical models in soft ground tunnelling. In B. Topping (Ed.), Progress in civil and structural engineering computing (285-314). Saxe-Coburg

Numerical modelling has been used for a number of years for problems relating to soft-ground tunnelling (i.e. where the ground being excavated is not rock). Three problems require solutions in soft ground tunnelling. Firstly the effects tunnelling wi... Read More about Numerical models in soft ground tunnelling.

Settlement induced damage to masonry structures (2001)
Book Chapter
Augarde, C. (2001). Settlement induced damage to masonry structures. In J. Bull (Ed.), Computational modelling of masonry, brickwork and blockwork structures. Saxe-Coburg Publications

A tying scheme for imposing displacement constraints in finite element analysis (2000)
Journal Article
Houlsby, G., Liu, G., & Augarde, C. (2000). A tying scheme for imposing displacement constraints in finite element analysis. Communications in numerical methods in engineering, 16(10), 721-732. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0887%28200010%2916%3A10%3C721%3A%3Aaid-cnm371%3E3.0.co%3B2-a

This paper describes the formulation of elements to connect finite element meshes of differing dimensionality. The formulation employs minimization using Lagrange multipliers. While this technique is already described in many texts, this paper demons... Read More about A tying scheme for imposing displacement constraints in finite element analysis.