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David Over's Outputs (27)

On Trivalent Logics, Probabilistic Weak Deduction Theorems, and a General Import-Export Principle (2024)
Journal Article
Gilio, A., Over, D. E., Pfeifer, N., & Sanfilippo, G. (2024). On Trivalent Logics, Probabilistic Weak Deduction Theorems, and a General Import-Export Principle. Artificial Intelligence, 337, Article 104229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2024.104229

In this paper we first recall some results for conditional events, compound conditionals, conditional random quantities, p-consistency, and p-entailment. We discuss the equivalence between conditional bets and bets on conditionals, and review de Fine... Read More about On Trivalent Logics, Probabilistic Weak Deduction Theorems, and a General Import-Export Principle.

Probabilities of conditionals and previsions of iterated conditionals (2020)
Journal Article
Sanfilippo, G., Gilio, A., Over, D. E., & Pfeifer, N. (2020). Probabilities of conditionals and previsions of iterated conditionals. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning: Uncertainty in Intelligent Systems, 121, 150-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2020.03.001

We analyze selected iterated conditionals in the framework of conditional random quantities. We point out that it is instructive to examine Lewis's triviality result, which shows the conditions a conditional must satisfy for its probability to be the... Read More about Probabilities of conditionals and previsions of iterated conditionals.

The Psychology of Uncertainty and Three-Valued Truth Tables (2018)
Journal Article
Baratgin, J., Politzer, G., Over, D. E., & Takahashi, T. (2018). The Psychology of Uncertainty and Three-Valued Truth Tables. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 1479. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01479

Psychological research on people's understanding of natural language connectives has traditionally used truth table tasks, in which participants evaluate the truth or falsity of a compound sentence given the truth or falsity of its components in the... Read More about The Psychology of Uncertainty and Three-Valued Truth Tables.

Understanding Conditionals in the East: A Replication Study of Politzer et al. (2010) With Easterners (2018)
Journal Article
Nakamura, H., Shao, J., Baratgin, J., Over, D. E., Takahashi, T., & Yama, H. (2018). Understanding Conditionals in the East: A Replication Study of Politzer et al. (2010) With Easterners. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 505. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00505

The new probabilistic approaches to the natural language conditional imply that there is a parallel relation between indicative conditionals (ICs) “if s then b” and conditional bets (CBs) “I bet $1 that if s then b” in two aspects. First, the probabi... Read More about Understanding Conditionals in the East: A Replication Study of Politzer et al. (2010) With Easterners.

Utilitarian Moral Judgment Exclusively Coheres with Inference from Is to Ought (2017)
Journal Article
Elqayam, S., Wilkinson, M. R., Thompson, V. A., Over, D. E., & Evans, J. S. B. (2017). Utilitarian Moral Judgment Exclusively Coheres with Inference from Is to Ought. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, Article 1042. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01042

Faced with moral choice, people either judge according to pre-existing obligations (deontological judgment), or by taking into account the consequences of their actions (utilitarian judgment). We propose that the latter coheres with a more general co... Read More about Utilitarian Moral Judgment Exclusively Coheres with Inference from Is to Ought.

Uncertain deduction and conditional reasoning (2015)
Journal Article
Evans, J. S. B., Thompson, V., & Over, D. (2015). Uncertain deduction and conditional reasoning. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, Article 398. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00398

There has been a paradigm shift in the psychology of deductive reasoning. Many researchers no longer think it is appropriate to ask people to assume premises and decide what necessarily follows, with the results evaluated by binary extensional logic.... Read More about Uncertain deduction and conditional reasoning.

Bayesian reasoning with ifs and ands and ors (2015)
Journal Article
Cruz, N., Baratgin, J., Oaksford, M., & Over, D. (2015). Bayesian reasoning with ifs and ands and ors. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, Article 192. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00192

The Bayesian approach to the psychology of reasoning generalizes binary logic, extending the binary concept of consistency to that of coherence, and allowing the study of deductive reasoning from uncertain premises. Studies in judgment and decision m... Read More about Bayesian reasoning with ifs and ands and ors.

New normative standards of conditional reasoning and the dual-source model (2014)
Journal Article
Singmann, H., Klauer, C., & Over, D. (2014). New normative standards of conditional reasoning and the dual-source model. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, Article 316. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00316

There has been a major shift in research on human reasoning toward Bayesian and probabilistic approaches, which has been called a new paradigm. The new paradigm sees most everyday and scientific reasoning as taking place in a context of uncertainty,... Read More about New normative standards of conditional reasoning and the dual-source model.

The probability of causal conditionals (2007)
Journal Article
Over, D., Hadjichristidis, C., Evans, J., Handley, S., & Sloman, S. (2007). The probability of causal conditionals. Cognitive Psychology, 54(1), 62-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2006.05.002

Conditionals in natural language are central to reasoning and decision making. A theoretical proposal called the Ramsey test implies the conditional probability hypothesis: that the subjective probability of a natural language conditional, P(if p the... Read More about The probability of causal conditionals.

Suppositions, extensionality, and conditionals: A critique of the mental model theory of Johnson-Laird and Byrne (2002) (2005)
Journal Article
Evans, J., Over, D., & Handley, S. (2005). Suppositions, extensionality, and conditionals: A critique of the mental model theory of Johnson-Laird and Byrne (2002). Psychological Review, 112(4), 1040-1052. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.112.4.1040

P. N. Johnson-Laird and R. M. J. Byrne (see record 2002-18225-002) proposed an influential theory of conditionals in which mental models represent logical possibilities and inferences are drawn from the extensions of possibilities that are used to re... Read More about Suppositions, extensionality, and conditionals: A critique of the mental model theory of Johnson-Laird and Byrne (2002).

Conditions for the acceptance of deontic conditionals (2004)
Journal Article
Over, D., Manktelow, K., & Hadjichristidis, C. (2004). Conditions for the acceptance of deontic conditionals. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(2), 96-105

Recent psychological research has investigated how people assess the probability of an indicative conditional. Most people give the conditional probability of q given p as the probability of if p then q. Asking about the probability of an indicative... Read More about Conditions for the acceptance of deontic conditionals.