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Transient growth associated with secondary vortices in ground/vortex interactions (2016)
Journal Article
Stuart, T., Mao, X., & Gan, L. (2016). Transient growth associated with secondary vortices in ground/vortex interactions. AIAA Journal, 54(6), 1901-1906. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j054484

The interaction of an isolated trailing vortex and the ground is investigated. An unsteady unperturbed flow is first calculated through a two-dimensional direct numerical simulation and then used as base flow for linear transient growth studies. The... Read More about Transient growth associated with secondary vortices in ground/vortex interactions.

Sensitivity of forces to wall transpiration in flow past an aerofoil (2015)
Journal Article
Mao, X. (2015). Sensitivity of forces to wall transpiration in flow past an aerofoil. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 47(2184), Article 20150618. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0618

The adjoint-based sensitivity analyses well explored in hydrodynamic stability studies are extended to calculate the sensitivity of forces acting on an aerofoil with respect to wall transpiration. The magnitude of the sensitivity quantifies the contr... Read More about Sensitivity of forces to wall transpiration in flow past an aerofoil.

Optimal suppression of flow perturbations using boundary control (2015)
Journal Article
Mao, X., Blackburn, H., & Sherwin, S. (2015). Optimal suppression of flow perturbations using boundary control. Computers and Fluids, 121, 133-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.08.018

Boundary perturbations are considered as flow control forcing and their distributions are optimised to suppress transient energy growth induced by the most energetic disturbances in the domain. For a given control cost (square integration of the cont... Read More about Optimal suppression of flow perturbations using boundary control.

Modal and non-modal stabilities of flow around a stack of plates (2015)
Journal Article
Theobald, R., Mao, X., Jaworski, A., & Berson, A. (2015). Modal and non-modal stabilities of flow around a stack of plates. European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids, 53, 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2015.04.005

Modal and non-modal stabilities of flow around a stack of flat plates are investigated by means of asymptotic stability and transient growth analyses respectively. It is observed that over the parameters considered, both the base flow and the stabili... Read More about Modal and non-modal stabilities of flow around a stack of plates.

Nonlinear optimal suppression of vortex shedding from a circular cylinder (2015)
Journal Article
Mao, X., Blackburn, H., & Sherwin, S. (2015). Nonlinear optimal suppression of vortex shedding from a circular cylinder. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 775, 241-265. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.304

This study is focused on two- and three-dimensional incompressible flow past a circular cylinder for Reynolds number Re⩽1000. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the suppression of unsteadiness for this flow we determine the nonlinear opti... Read More about Nonlinear optimal suppression of vortex shedding from a circular cylinder.

Suppression of force fluctuations in flow past an aerofoil (2015)
Journal Article
Conlin, A., & Mao, X. (2015). Suppression of force fluctuations in flow past an aerofoil. International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, 29(6-8), 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1080/10618562.2015.1080823

Force fluctuations on a solid body are associated with unsteadiness in the wake, e.g. vortex shedding. Therefore, the control of force fluctuations can be realised by suppressing the flow unsteadiness. A NACA0024 aerofoil closed with a round trailing... Read More about Suppression of force fluctuations in flow past an aerofoil.

Effects of base flow modifications on noise amplifications: flow past a backward-facing step (2015)
Journal Article
Mao, X. (2015). Effects of base flow modifications on noise amplifications: flow past a backward-facing step. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 771, 229-263. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.175

Amplifications of flow past a backward-facing step with respect to optimal inflow and initial perturbations are investigated at Reynolds number 500. Two mechanisms of receptivity to inflow noise are identified: the bubble-induced inflectional point i... Read More about Effects of base flow modifications on noise amplifications: flow past a backward-facing step.

Suppression of vorticity in vortex and pipe flow interactions (2015)
Journal Article
Murphy, D., & Mao, X. (2015). Suppression of vorticity in vortex and pipe flow interactions. Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, 29(1-2), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00162-015-0341-1

The interaction of a vortex and a pipe flow, modelled as the Lamb–Oseen vortex and the Poiseuille flow, respectively, is investigated by means of stability analyses and direct numerical simulations (DNS). From the distribution of the most unstable mo... Read More about Suppression of vorticity in vortex and pipe flow interactions.

The structure of primary instability modes in the steady wake and separation bubble of a square cylinder (2014)
Journal Article
Mao, X., & Blackburn, H. (2014). The structure of primary instability modes in the steady wake and separation bubble of a square cylinder. Physics of Fluids, 26(7), Article 074103. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4887518

Flows past symmetric two-dimensional bluff bodies such as the circular cylinder, the square cylinder, and the normal flat plate produce large separation bubbles which (in the steady restriction) may become very elongated at comparatively low Reynolds... Read More about The structure of primary instability modes in the steady wake and separation bubble of a square cylinder.