All Outputs (8)

Regulating loot boxes as gambling? Towards a combined legal and self-regulatory consumer protection approach (2021)
Journal Article
Xiao, L. Y. (2021). Regulating loot boxes as gambling? Towards a combined legal and self-regulatory consumer protection approach. Interactive Entertainment Law Review, 4(1), 27-47. https://doi.org/10.4337/ielr.2021.01.02

Loot boxes represent a popular and prevalent contemporary monetization innovation in video games that offers the purchasing player-consumer, who always pays a set amount of money for each attempt, the opportunity to obtain randomized virtual rewards... Read More about Regulating loot boxes as gambling? Towards a combined legal and self-regulatory consumer protection approach.

Gaming the system: suboptimal compliance with loot box probability disclosure regulations in China (2021)
Journal Article
Xiao, L. Y., Henderson, L. L., Yang, Y., & Newall, P. W. (2024). Gaming the system: suboptimal compliance with loot box probability disclosure regulations in China. Behavioural Public Policy, 8(3), 590-616. https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2021.23

Loot boxes provide randomized rewards in video games; their purchase is linked to disordered gambling and they are present in approximately half of UK video games. The relative novelty of loot boxes means that regulators and policymakers in various j... Read More about Gaming the system: suboptimal compliance with loot box probability disclosure regulations in China.

Which Implementations of Loot Boxes Constitute Gambling? A UK Legal Perspective on the Potential Harms of Random Reward Mechanisms (2020)
Journal Article
Xiao, L. Y. (2022). Which Implementations of Loot Boxes Constitute Gambling? A UK Legal Perspective on the Potential Harms of Random Reward Mechanisms. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(1), 437-454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00372-3

Loot boxes are virtual items in video games that offer the player randomised in-game rewards of uncertain in-game and real-world value. Paid loot boxes represent a lucrative and prevalent contemporary monetisation method that encourages repeat purcha... Read More about Which Implementations of Loot Boxes Constitute Gambling? A UK Legal Perspective on the Potential Harms of Random Reward Mechanisms.

ESRB and PEGI’s flawed ‘includes random items’ label: self-regulation of random reward mechanisms (e.g. Loot Boxes) alone fails to ensure consumer protection (2020)
Journal Article
Xiao, L. Y. (2021). ESRB and PEGI’s flawed ‘includes random items’ label: self-regulation of random reward mechanisms (e.g. Loot Boxes) alone fails to ensure consumer protection. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(6), 2358-2361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00329-6

People’s Republic of China legal update : Supreme People’s Court’s Guiding Opinion On Refund Requests Relating To Unauthorised Online Video Gaming Transactions Paid For By Minors (2020)
Journal Article
Xiao, L. Y. (2020). People’s Republic of China legal update : Supreme People’s Court’s Guiding Opinion On Refund Requests Relating To Unauthorised Online Video Gaming Transactions Paid For By Minors. Gaming Law Review, 24(7), https://doi.org/10.1089/glr2.2020.0014

People's Republic of China legal update : the notice on the prevention of online gaming addiction in juveniles (published October 25, 2019, effective November 1, 2019) (2020)
Journal Article
Xiao, L. Y. (2020). People's Republic of China legal update : the notice on the prevention of online gaming addiction in juveniles (published October 25, 2019, effective November 1, 2019). Gaming Law Review, 24(1), 51-53. https://doi.org/10.1089/glr2.2020.0014

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA LEGAL UPDATE: THE NOTICE ON THE PREVENTION OF ONLINE GAMING ADDICTION IN JUVENILES (PUBLISHED OCTOBER 25, 2019, EFFECTIVE NOVEMBER 1, 2019) (2020)
Journal Article
Xiao, L. Y. (2020). PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA LEGAL UPDATE: THE NOTICE ON THE PREVENTION OF ONLINE GAMING ADDICTION IN JUVENILES (PUBLISHED OCTOBER 25, 2019, EFFECTIVE NOVEMBER 1, 2019). Gaming Law Review, 24(1), https://doi.org/10.1089/glr2.2019.0002

Towards an Ethical Game Design Solution to Loot Boxes: a Commentary on King and Delfabbro (2019)
Journal Article
Xiao, L. Y., & Henderson, L. L. (2021). Towards an Ethical Game Design Solution to Loot Boxes: a Commentary on King and Delfabbro. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, 177-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00164-4

King and Delfabbro (2019b) proposed the adoption of social responsibility measures to combat predatory monetisation in video games, such as loot boxes. This paper rectifies a game example mistakenly used by King and Delfabbro and provides further gam... Read More about Towards an Ethical Game Design Solution to Loot Boxes: a Commentary on King and Delfabbro.