Skip to main content

Research Repository

Advanced Search

ADF22-WEB: A giant barred spiral starburst galaxy in the z = 3.1 SSA22 protocluster core

Umehata, Hideki; Steidel, Charles C.; Smail, Ian; Swinbank, Mark; Monson, Erik B.; Rosario, David; Lehmer, Bret D.; Nakanishi, Kouichiro; Kubo, Mariko; Iono, Daisuke; Alexander, David M.; Kohno, Kotaro; Tamura, Yoichi; Ivison, Rob J.; Saito, Toshiki; Mitsuhashi, Ikki; Huang, Shuo; Matsuda, Yuichi

ADF22-WEB: A giant barred spiral starburst galaxy in the z = 3.1 SSA22 protocluster core Thumbnail


Authors

Hideki Umehata

Charles C. Steidel

Profile image of Ian Smail

Ian Smail ian.smail@durham.ac.uk
Emeritus Professor

Erik B. Monson

David Rosario

Bret D. Lehmer

Kouichiro Nakanishi

Mariko Kubo

Daisuke Iono

Kotaro Kohno

Yoichi Tamura

Rob J. Ivison

Toshiki Saito

Ikki Mitsuhashi

Shuo Huang

Yuichi Matsuda



Abstract

In the present-day universe, the most massive galaxies are ellipticals located in the cores of galaxy clusters, harboring the heaviest supermassive black holes (SMBHs). However, the mechanisms that drive the early growth phase and subsequent transformation of the morphology and kinematics of galaxies remain elusive. Here we report (sub)kiloparsec-scale observations of stars, gas, and dust in ADF22.A1, a bright dusty starburst galaxy at z = 3.1, hosting a heavily obscured active galactic nucleus and residing in a proto-cluster core. ADF22.A1 is a giant spiral galaxy with the kinematics of a rotating disk with rotation velocity Vrot = 530 ± 10 km s−1 and diameter >30 kpc. The high specific stellar angular momentum of this system, j∗ = 3400 ± 600 kpc km s−1, requires a mechanism to effectively spin-up ADF22.A1, indicating the importance of accretion from the cosmic web to supply both gas and angular momentum to galaxies in their early gas-rich starburst phase. In its inner region, gas flows along dust lanes in a bar connected with the bright dusty core and the estimated mass ratio of the bulge to the SMBH matches the local relation, suggesting that bars are a key mechanism to shape the early co-evolution of these components. Comparison with cosmological simulations shows that ADF22.A1 will likely evolve into a massive elliptical, experiencing a significant reduction in angular momentum associated with subsequent galaxy mergers.

Citation

Umehata, H., Steidel, C. C., Smail, I., Swinbank, M., Monson, E. B., Rosario, D., Lehmer, B. D., Nakanishi, K., Kubo, M., Iono, D., Alexander, D. M., Kohno, K., Tamura, Y., Ivison, R. J., Saito, T., Mitsuhashi, I., Huang, S., & Matsuda, Y. (2025). ADF22-WEB: A giant barred spiral starburst galaxy in the z = 3.1 SSA22 protocluster core. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 77(2), 432-445. https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psaf010

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Feb 5, 2025
Online Publication Date Mar 17, 2025
Publication Date Mar 17, 2025
Deposit Date May 28, 2025
Publicly Available Date May 28, 2025
Journal Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Print ISSN 0004-6264
Electronic ISSN 2053-051X
Publisher Oxford University Press
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 77
Issue 2
Pages 432-445
DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psaf010
Public URL https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/3966219

Files

Published Journal Article (2.3 Mb)
PDF

Publisher Licence URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Copyright Statement
Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Japan. This is an Open Access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.





You might also like



Downloadable Citations