Hideki Umehata
ADF22-WEB: A giant barred spiral starburst galaxy in the z = 3.1 SSA22 protocluster core
Umehata, Hideki; Steidel, Charles C.; Smail, Ian; Swinbank, Mark; Monson, Erik B.; Rosario, David; Lehmer, Bret D.; Nakanishi, Kouichiro; Kubo, Mariko; Iono, Daisuke; Alexander, David M.; Kohno, Kotaro; Tamura, Yoichi; Ivison, Rob J.; Saito, Toshiki; Mitsuhashi, Ikki; Huang, Shuo; Matsuda, Yuichi
Authors
Charles C. Steidel
Ian Smail ian.smail@durham.ac.uk
Emeritus Professor
Professor Mark Swinbank a.m.swinbank@durham.ac.uk
Professor
Erik B. Monson
David Rosario
Bret D. Lehmer
Kouichiro Nakanishi
Mariko Kubo
Daisuke Iono
Professor David Alexander d.m.alexander@durham.ac.uk
Professor
Kotaro Kohno
Yoichi Tamura
Rob J. Ivison
Toshiki Saito
Ikki Mitsuhashi
Shuo Huang
Yuichi Matsuda
Abstract
In the present-day universe, the most massive galaxies are ellipticals located in the cores of galaxy clusters, harboring the heaviest supermassive black holes (SMBHs). However, the mechanisms that drive the early growth phase and subsequent transformation of the morphology and kinematics of galaxies remain elusive. Here we report (sub)kiloparsec-scale observations of stars, gas, and dust in ADF22.A1, a bright dusty starburst galaxy at z = 3.1, hosting a heavily obscured active galactic nucleus and residing in a proto-cluster core. ADF22.A1 is a giant spiral galaxy with the kinematics of a rotating disk with rotation velocity Vrot = 530 ± 10 km s−1 and diameter >30 kpc. The high specific stellar angular momentum of this system, j∗ = 3400 ± 600 kpc km s−1, requires a mechanism to effectively spin-up ADF22.A1, indicating the importance of accretion from the cosmic web to supply both gas and angular momentum to galaxies in their early gas-rich starburst phase. In its inner region, gas flows along dust lanes in a bar connected with the bright dusty core and the estimated mass ratio of the bulge to the SMBH matches the local relation, suggesting that bars are a key mechanism to shape the early co-evolution of these components. Comparison with cosmological simulations shows that ADF22.A1 will likely evolve into a massive elliptical, experiencing a significant reduction in angular momentum associated with subsequent galaxy mergers.
Citation
Umehata, H., Steidel, C. C., Smail, I., Swinbank, M., Monson, E. B., Rosario, D., Lehmer, B. D., Nakanishi, K., Kubo, M., Iono, D., Alexander, D. M., Kohno, K., Tamura, Y., Ivison, R. J., Saito, T., Mitsuhashi, I., Huang, S., & Matsuda, Y. (2025). ADF22-WEB: A giant barred spiral starburst galaxy in the z = 3.1 SSA22 protocluster core. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 77(2), 432-445. https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psaf010
Journal Article Type | Article |
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Acceptance Date | Feb 5, 2025 |
Online Publication Date | Mar 17, 2025 |
Publication Date | Mar 17, 2025 |
Deposit Date | May 28, 2025 |
Publicly Available Date | May 28, 2025 |
Journal | Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |
Print ISSN | 0004-6264 |
Electronic ISSN | 2053-051X |
Publisher | Oxford University Press |
Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
Volume | 77 |
Issue | 2 |
Pages | 432-445 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psaf010 |
Public URL | https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/3966219 |
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Publisher Licence URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Copyright Statement
Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Japan. This is an Open Access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.