The Nature of the Bright ULX X-2 in NGC 3921: A Chandra Position and HST Candidate Counterpart

Jonker, P.G.; Heida, M.; Torres, M.A.P.; Miller-Jones, J.C.A.; Fabian, A.C.; Ratti, E.M.; Miniutti, G.; Walton, D.J.; Roberts, T.P.

Abstract

We report on Chandra observations of the bright ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) source in NGC 3921. Previous XMM-Newton observations reported in the literature show the presence of a bright ULX at a 0.5–10 keV luminosity of 2 × 1040 erg s−1. Our Chandra observation finds the source at a lower luminosity of ≈8 × 1039 erg s−1; furthermore, we provide a Chandra position of the ULX accurate to 0. 7 at 90% confidence. The X-ray variability makes it unlikely that the high luminosity is caused by several separate X-ray sources. In three epochs of archival Hubble Space Telescope observations, we find a candidate counterpart to the ULX. There is direct evidence for variability between the two epochs of WFPC2 F814W observations with the observation obtained in 2000 showing a brighter source. Furthermore, converting the 1994 F336W and 2000 F300W WFPC2 and the 2010 F336W WFC3 observations to the Johnson U-band filter assuming a spectral type of O7I, we find evidence for a brightening of the U-band light in 2000. Using the higher resolution WFC3 observations, we resolve the candidate counterpart into two sources of similar color. We discuss the nature of the ULX and the probable association with the optical counterpart(s). Finally, we investigate a potential new explanation for some (bright) ULXs as the decaying stages of flares caused by the tidal disruption of a star by a recoiled supermassive black hole. However, we find that there should be at most only one of such systems within z = 0.08.

Citation

Jonker, P., Heida, M., Torres, M., Miller-Jones, J., Fabian, A., Ratti, E., …Roberts, T. (2012). The Nature of the Bright ULX X-2 in NGC 3921: A Chandra Position and HST Candidate Counterpart. Astrophysical Journal, 758(1), Article 28. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/758/1/28

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Publication Date: Oct 10, 2012
• Deposit Date: Mar 26, 2013
• Publicly Available Date: Feb 12, 2014
• Journal: Astrophysical Journal
• Print ISSN: 0004-637X
• Electronic ISSN: 1538-4357
• Publisher: American Astronomical Society
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 758
• Issue: 1
• Article Number: 28
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/758/1/28
• Keywords: Binaries, Close, X-rays.