Iva Jurov
Relationship between energy availability, energy conservation and cognitive restraint with performance measures in male endurance athletes
Jurov, Iva; Keay, Nicola; Hadžić, Vedran; Spudić, Darjan; Rauter, Samo
Authors
Nicola Keay
Vedran Hadžić
Darjan Spudić
Samo Rauter
Abstract
Background: Low energy availability in male athletes has gained a lot of attention in recent years, but direct evidence of its effects on health and performance is lacking. The aim of this research was to objectively measure energy availability (EA) in healthy male endurance athletes without pre-existing relative energy deficiency signs during pre-race season. Methods: Twelve trained endurance athletes (performance level 3, 4, and 5) participated in the cross-sectional controlled laboratory study. Fat-free mass, exercise energy expenditure, and energy intake were measured to calculate EA. Resting energy expenditure was measured and estimated to assess energy conservation. Three specific performance tests were used to assess endurance, agility, and explosive strength performance. For psychological evaluation, the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire and a short Well-being questionnaire were completed. Results: Mean EA was 29.5 kcal/kg FFM/day. The majority (66.6%) had EA under the threshold for low EA in females. Critical cognitive restraint (≥13) was reported by 75% of participants. There were no differences in performance, blood values, or psychological evaluation when subjects were divided into two groups divided by EA = 30 kcal/kg FFM/day. Cognitive restraint was negatively associated with measured resting energy expenditure and energy conservation (r = −.578, p = .025 and r = −.549, p = .032, respectively). Conclusions: The mean EA measured in this study supports the theory that the threshold for low EA in endurance male athletes might be under the threshold for females. In addition, we confirmed cognitive restraint could be useful for early detection of energy conservation. The high cognitive restraint as measured in our sample stressed the need of eating behavior screening in endurance athletes in order to reduce risk of any disordered eating patterns.
Citation
Jurov, I., Keay, N., Hadžić, V., Spudić, D., & Rauter, S. (2021). Relationship between energy availability, energy conservation and cognitive restraint with performance measures in male endurance athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 18(1), Article 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-021-00419-3
Journal Article Type | Article |
---|---|
Acceptance Date | Mar 3, 2021 |
Online Publication Date | Mar 18, 2021 |
Publication Date | 2021 |
Deposit Date | Nov 10, 2021 |
Publicly Available Date | Nov 10, 2021 |
Journal | Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition |
Electronic ISSN | 1550-2783 |
Publisher | Taylor and Francis Group |
Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
Volume | 18 |
Issue | 1 |
Article Number | 24 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-021-00419-3 |
Public URL | https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1222416 |
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Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
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