John W. Williams
Climate Sensitivity and Ecoclimate Sensitivity: Theory, Usage, and Past Implications for the Future Biospheric Responses
Williams, John W.; Huntley, Brian; Seddon, Alistair W.R.
Abstract
Two usages of ‘climate sensitivity’ co-exist: one climatological and one ecological. The earlier climatological usage quantifies the sensitivity of global mean surface temperature to atmospheric CO2, with formal variants differing by timescale and processes. The ecological usage, renamed here as ecoclimate sensitivity, is defined as a change in an ecological response variable per unit climate change. The two concepts are treated very differently: climatologists have focused on reducing uncertainty of global climate sensitivity estimates, while ecologists have focused on the multivariate processes governing variations in ecoclimate sensitivity across drivers, response variables, and scales. Because radiative forcing scales logarithmically to [CO2]atm, ecological impacts per ppm [CO2]atm often also scale logarithmically, although non-linear ecoclimate sensitivities can alter this expectation. Critically, past estimates of climate and ecoclimate sensitivity carry an implicit tradeoff, in which smaller estimates of climate sensitivity indicate higher ecoclimate sensitivities. For the LGM, estimates of equilibrium climate sensitivity have narrowed to 2.4 to 4.5 °C, while high ecoclimate sensitivity is indicated by post-glacial biome conversions, continental-scale species range shifts, and high community turnover. We introduce a new term, ecocarbon sensitivity, defined as the product of global climate sensitivity, local ecoclimate sensitivity, and a global-to-local climate scaling factor. Given past biospheric transformations, we can expect high sensitivity of the terrestrial biosphere to current rises in [CO2]atm, a conclusion that is insensitive to estimates of climate sensitivity. The next frontier is better quantification of the processes governing the form and variations of ecoclimate and ecocarbon sensitivity across systems and scales.
Citation
Williams, J. W., Huntley, B., & Seddon, A. W. (2022). Climate Sensitivity and Ecoclimate Sensitivity: Theory, Usage, and Past Implications for the Future Biospheric Responses. Current Climate Change Reports, 8(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-022-00179-5
Journal Article Type | Article |
---|---|
Acceptance Date | Jan 7, 2022 |
Online Publication Date | Jan 24, 2022 |
Publication Date | 2022-03 |
Deposit Date | Jan 25, 2022 |
Publicly Available Date | Jan 24, 2023 |
Journal | Current Climate Change Reports |
Electronic ISSN | 2198-6061 |
Publisher | Springer |
Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
Volume | 8 |
Issue | 1 |
Pages | 1-16 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-022-00179-5 |
Public URL | https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1217214 |
Files
Accepted Journal Article
(518 Kb)
PDF
Copyright Statement
This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of a journal article published in Current Climate Change Reports. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-022-00179-5
You might also like
Projected climatic changes lead to biome changes in areas of previously constant biome
(2021)
Journal Article