Primordial black hole evaporation and dark matter production. II. Interplay with the freeze-in or freeze-out mechanism

Cheek, Andrew; Heurtier, Lucien; Perez-Gonzalez, Yuber F.; Turner, Jessica

Abstract

We study how the evaporation of primordial black holes (PBHs) can affect the production of dark matter (DM) particles through thermal processes. We consider fermionic DM interacting with Standard Model particles via a spin-1 mediator in the context of a freeze-out or freeze-in mechanism. We show that when PBHs evaporate after dominating the Universe’s energy density, PBHs act as a source of DM and continuously inject entropy into the visible sector that can affect the thermal production in three qualitatively different ways. We compute the annihilation cross sections which account for the interactions between and within the PBH produced and thermally produced DM populations, and establish a set of Boltzmann equations which we solve to obtain the correct relic abundance in those different regimes and confront the results with a set of different cosmological constraints. We provide analytic formulas to calculate the relic abundance for the freeze-out and freeze-in mechanism in a PBH dominated early Universe. We identify regions of the parameter space where the PBHs dilute the relic density and thermalization occurs. Furthermore, we have made our code that numerically solves the Boltzmann equations publicly available.

Citation

Cheek, A., Heurtier, L., Perez-Gonzalez, Y. F., & Turner, J. (2022). Primordial black hole evaporation and dark matter production. II. Interplay with the freeze-in or freeze-out mechanism. Physical Review D, 105(1), https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.105.015023

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Nov 17, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Jan 21, 2022
• Publication Date: 2022
• Deposit Date: Feb 22, 2022
• Publicly Available Date: Feb 22, 2022
• Journal: Physical Review D
• Print ISSN: 2470-0010
• Electronic ISSN: 2470-0029
• Publisher: American Physical Society
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 105
• Issue: 1
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.105.015023