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Deep-Implanted MIMO Antenna Sensor for Implantable Medical Devices

Iqbal, Amjad; Al-Hasan, Muath; Mabrouk, Ismail Ben; Denidni, Tayeb A

Authors

Amjad Iqbal

Muath Al-Hasan

Tayeb A Denidni



Abstract

A compact multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) implantable antenna is proposed in this article for deep-implanted medical devices. The suggested antenna enables high-data-rate telemetry as well as sensing the inner conditions of the tissues. It consists of two semicircular patches that are excited with coaxial cables. The miniaturization in the suggested design is achieved using multiple slots in the patches, shorting pins, and high-permittivity substrate. Consequently, the antenna maintains a compact dimensions of π×62×0.13 mm 3. Both elements of the antenna resonate at 0.915 GHz, possess a peak realized gain of −23.23 dBi, and maintain a low mutual coupling of −21.77 dB at 0.915 GHz. The effectiveness of the suggested antenna is verified using the specific absorption rate (SAR) and link budget analysis. Moreover, the 2×2 MIMO channel parameters such as the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), and channel capacity (CC) are calculated. In fact, CC using the suggested antenna reaches to 9.6 bps/Hz at a fixed SNR of 20 dB, which is almost two times more than that of the single-input–single-output (SISO) antenna (CC = 5.89 bps/Hz at SNR = 20 dB). The sensing ability of this antenna is demonstrated in addition to high-data-rate performance. The simulated and measured results confirm that it has almost similar radiation performance, impedance matching, and bandwidths for all dielectric properties of human tissues. Therefore, the proposed antenna is suitable for high-data-rate communication and monitoring pathological changes in deep tissues.

Citation

Iqbal, A., Al-Hasan, M., Mabrouk, I. B., & Denidni, T. A. (2023). Deep-Implanted MIMO Antenna Sensor for Implantable Medical Devices. IEEE Sensors Journal, 23(3), 2105-2112. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2022.3232727

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Dec 25, 2022
Online Publication Date Jan 4, 2023
Publication Date Feb 1, 2023
Deposit Date May 26, 2023
Journal IEEE Sensors Journal
Print ISSN 1530-437X
Electronic ISSN 1558-1748
Publisher Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Volume 23
Issue 3
Pages 2105-2112
DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2022.3232727
Keywords Antenna sensor, biotelemetry, channel capacity (CC), implantable antenna, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna
Public URL https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1172943