Precision Modeling of JWST's First Cluster Lens SMACS J0723.3–7327*

Mahler, Guillaume; Jauzac, Mathilde; Richard, Johan; Beauchesne, Benjamin; Ebeling, Harald; Lagattuta, David; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Sharon, Keren; Atek, Hakim; Claeyssens, Adélaïde; Clément, Benjamin; Eckert, Dominique; Edge, Alastair; Kneib, Jean-Paul; Niemiec, Anna

Abstract

Exploiting the fundamentally achromatic nature of gravitational lensing, we present a lens model for the massive galaxy cluster SMACS J0723.3−7323 (SMACS J0723; z = 0.388) that significantly improves upon earlier work. Building on strong-lensing constraints identified in prior Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations, the mass model utilizes 21 multiple-image systems, 17 of which were newly discovered in Early Release Observation data from the JWST. The resulting lens model maps the cluster mass distribution to an rms spatial precision of 0farcs32, and is publicly available. Consistent with previous analyses, our study shows SMACS J0723.3 to be well described by a single large-scale component centered on the location of the brightest cluster galaxy. However, satisfying all lensing constraints provided by the JWST data, the model points to the need for the inclusion of an additional, diffuse component west of the cluster. A comparison of the galaxy, mass, and gas distributions in the core of SMACS J0723 based on HST, JWST, and Chandra data reveals a concentrated regular elliptical profile along with tell-tale signs of a recent merger, possibly proceeding almost along our line of sight. The exquisite sensitivity of JWST's NIRCam reveals in spectacular fashion both the extended intracluster light distribution and numerous star-forming clumps in magnified background galaxies. The high-precision lens model derived here for SMACS J0723 demonstrates the unprecedented power of combining HST and JWST data for studies of structure formation and evolution in the distant universe.

Citation

Mahler, G., Jauzac, M., Richard, J., Beauchesne, B., Ebeling, H., Lagattuta, D., Natarajan, P., Sharon, K., Atek, H., Claeyssens, A., Clément, B., Eckert, D., Edge, A., Kneib, J.-P., & Niemiec, A. (2023). Precision Modeling of JWST's First Cluster Lens SMACS J0723.3–7327*. Astrophysical Journal, 945(1), Article 49. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acaea9

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Dec 20, 2022
• Online Publication Date: Mar 7, 2023
• Publication Date: Mar 1, 2023
• Deposit Date: Jun 20, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Jun 20, 2023
• Journal: Astrophysical Journal
• Print ISSN: 0004-637X
• Electronic ISSN: 1538-4357
• Publisher: American Astronomical Society
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 945
• Issue: 1
• Article Number: 49
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acaea9
• Public URL: https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1172193