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Exploring novel ways of using species sensitivity distributions to establish PNECs for industrial chemicals: Final report to Project Steering Group 3 April 2013 (2013)
Report
Craig, P. S. (2013). Exploring novel ways of using species sensitivity distributions to establish PNECs for industrial chemicals: Final report to Project Steering Group 3 April 2013. Statoil and Unilever

In all of what follows, we are concerned with the problem of estimating the HC5 (concentration hazardous to 5% of species) for a chemical based on the SSD (species sensitivity distribution) concept and using acute data. Data for the chemical will be... Read More about Exploring novel ways of using species sensitivity distributions to establish PNECs for industrial chemicals: Final report to Project Steering Group 3 April 2013.

Interpretation of the margin of exposure for genotoxic carcinogens – Elicitation of expert knowledge about the form of the dose response curve at human relevant exposures (2013)
Journal Article
Boobis, A., Flari, V., Gosling, J. P., Hart, A., Craig, P., Rushton, L., & Idahosa-Taylor, E. (2013). Interpretation of the margin of exposure for genotoxic carcinogens – Elicitation of expert knowledge about the form of the dose response curve at human relevant exposures. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 57, 106-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.003

The general approach to risk assessment of genotoxic carcinogens has been to advise reduction of exposure to “as low as reasonably achievable/practicable” (ALARA/P). However, whilst this remains the preferred risk management option, it does not provi... Read More about Interpretation of the margin of exposure for genotoxic carcinogens – Elicitation of expert knowledge about the form of the dose response curve at human relevant exposures.

On the quantification of intertest variability in ecotoxicity data with application to species sensitivity distributions (2012)
Journal Article
Hickey, G., Craig, P., Luttik, R., & De Zwart, D. (2012). On the quantification of intertest variability in ecotoxicity data with application to species sensitivity distributions. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(8), 1903-1910. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1891

Ecotoxicological hazard assessment relies on species effect data to estimate quantities such as the predicted no-effect concentration. While there is a concerted effort to quantify uncertainty in risk assessments, the uncertainty due to intertest var... Read More about On the quantification of intertest variability in ecotoxicity data with application to species sensitivity distributions.

Competing statistical methods for the fitting of normal species sensitivity distributions : recommendations for practitioners (2012)
Journal Article
Hickey, G., & Craig, P. (2012). Competing statistical methods for the fitting of normal species sensitivity distributions : recommendations for practitioners. Risk Analysis, 32(7), 1232-1243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01728.x

A species sensitivity distribution (SSD) models data on toxicity of a specific toxicant to species in a defined assemblage. SSDs are typically assumed to be parametric, despite noteworthy criticism, with a standard proposal being the log-normal distr... Read More about Competing statistical methods for the fitting of normal species sensitivity distributions : recommendations for practitioners.

Species non-exchangeability in probabilistic ecotoxicological risk assessment (2012)
Journal Article
Craig, P. S., Hickey, G. L., Luttik, R., & Hart, A. (2012). Species non-exchangeability in probabilistic ecotoxicological risk assessment. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A, 175(1), 243-262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.2011.00716.x

Current ecotoxicological risk assessment for chemical substances is based on the assumption that tolerances of all species in a specified ecological community are a priori exchangeable for each new substance. We demonstrate non-exchangeability by usi... Read More about Species non-exchangeability in probabilistic ecotoxicological risk assessment.

Variation in the level of protection afforded to birds and crustaceans exposed to different pesticides under standard risk assessment procedures (2011)
Journal Article
Luttik, R., Hart, A., Roelofs, W., Craig, P., & Mineau, P. (2011). Variation in the level of protection afforded to birds and crustaceans exposed to different pesticides under standard risk assessment procedures. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 7(3), 459-465. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.183

First-tier risk assessment for pesticides is often based on the quotient of the toxicity divided by the predicted environmental concentration or dose. This ratio is compared to a fixed assessment factor (AF) to decide whether the pesticide is to be a... Read More about Variation in the level of protection afforded to birds and crustaceans exposed to different pesticides under standard risk assessment procedures.

On the application of loss functions in determining assessment factors for ecological risk. (2009)
Journal Article
Hickey, G. L., Craig, P. S., & Hart, A. (2009). On the application of loss functions in determining assessment factors for ecological risk. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72(2), 293-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.06.004

Assessment factors have been proposed as a means to extrapolate from data on the concentrations hazardous to a small sample of species to the concentration hazardous to p% of the species in a given community (HCp). Aldenberg and Jaworska [2000. Uncer... Read More about On the application of loss functions in determining assessment factors for ecological risk..

Making Species Salinity Sensitivity Distributions Reflective of Naturally Occurring Communities: Using Rapid Testing and Bayesian Statistics (2008)
Journal Article
Hickey, G. L., Kefford, B. J., Dunlop, J. E., & Craig, P. S. (2008). Making Species Salinity Sensitivity Distributions Reflective of Naturally Occurring Communities: Using Rapid Testing and Bayesian Statistics. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 27(11), 2403-2411. https://doi.org/10.1897/08-079.1

Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) may accurately predict the proportion of species in a community that are at hazard from environmental contaminants only if they contain sensitivity data from a large sample of species representative of the mix... Read More about Making Species Salinity Sensitivity Distributions Reflective of Naturally Occurring Communities: Using Rapid Testing and Bayesian Statistics.

A new reconstruction of multivariate normal orthant probabilities (2007)
Journal Article
Craig, P. (2008). A new reconstruction of multivariate normal orthant probabilities. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 70(1), 227-243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9868.2007.00625.x

A new method is introduced for geometrically reconstructing orthant probabilities for non-singular multivariate normal distributions. Orthant probabilities are expressed in terms of those for auto-regressive sequences and an efficient method is devel... Read More about A new reconstruction of multivariate normal orthant probabilities.