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Counterion-Mediated Luminophore Dimerization (2025)
Journal Article
Carter, A. G., Saha, P. K., Sikder, A., Aguilar, J. A., Monkman, A. P., Avestro, A.-J., Etherington, M. K., & McGonigal, P. R. (online). Counterion-Mediated Luminophore Dimerization. Angewandte Chemie, Article e202505433. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202505433

Emissive organic salts have long been integral to the discovery of fluorescence phenomena and functional luminescent dyes. Typically, one component of the salt acts as the photoactive unit (luminophore) and its nonemissive counterion is selected to i... Read More about Counterion-Mediated Luminophore Dimerization.

Counterion‐Mediated Luminophore Dimerization (2025)
Journal Article
Carter, A. G., Saha, P. K., Sikder, A., Aguilar, J. A., Monkman, A. P., Avestro, A., Etherington, M. K., & McGonigal, P. R. (online). Counterion‐Mediated Luminophore Dimerization. Angewandte Chemie, e202505433. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202505433

Emissive organic salts have long been integral to the discovery of fluorescence phenomena and functional luminescent dyes. Typically, one component of the salt acts as the photoactive unit (luminophore) and its nonemissive counterion is selected to i... Read More about Counterion‐Mediated Luminophore Dimerization.

Covalently linked pyrene antennas for optically dense yet aggregation-resistant light-harvesting systems (2023)
Journal Article
Salah, L., Makhseed, S., Ghazal, B., Abdel Nazeer, A., Etherington, M. K., Ponseca Jr., C. S., …Shuaib, A. (2023). Covalently linked pyrene antennas for optically dense yet aggregation-resistant light-harvesting systems. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 25(36), 24878-24882. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cp02586a

In this study we present a novel energy transfer material inspired by natural light-harvesting antenna arrays, zinc(II) phthalocyanine-pyrene (ZnPcPy). The ZnPcPy system facilitates energy transfer from 16 covalently linked pyrene (Py) donor chromoph... Read More about Covalently linked pyrene antennas for optically dense yet aggregation-resistant light-harvesting systems.

Oxidation State Tuning of Room Temperature Phosphorescence and Delayed Fluorescence in Phenothiazine and Phenothiazine‐5,5‐dioxide Dimers (2023)
Journal Article
Wright, I. A., Etherington, M. K., Batsanov, A. S., Monkman, A. P., & Bryce, M. R. (2023). Oxidation State Tuning of Room Temperature Phosphorescence and Delayed Fluorescence in Phenothiazine and Phenothiazine‐5,5‐dioxide Dimers. Chemistry - A European Journal, 29(30), Article e202300428. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202300428

Heterocyclic dimers consisting of combinations of butterfly-shaped phenothiazine (PTZ) and its chemically oxidized form phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide (PTZ(SO2)) have been synthesized. A twist is imposed across the dimers by ortho-substituents including m... Read More about Oxidation State Tuning of Room Temperature Phosphorescence and Delayed Fluorescence in Phenothiazine and Phenothiazine‐5,5‐dioxide Dimers.

From Phosphorescence to Delayed Fluorescence in One Step: Tuning Photophysical Properties by Quaternisation of an sp2-Hybridised Nitrogen Atom (2022)
Journal Article
Klimash, A., Prlj, A., Yufit, D., Mallick, A., Curchod, B., McGonigal, P., Skabara, P., & Etherington, M. (2022). From Phosphorescence to Delayed Fluorescence in One Step: Tuning Photophysical Properties by Quaternisation of an sp2-Hybridised Nitrogen Atom. Journal of Materials Chemistry C Materials for optical and electronic devices, 10(25), 9484-9491. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2tc01737g

Control of the delayed emission of organic compounds is an important factor in the development of new display technology and for the emerging use of organic emitters in sensing and fluorescence microscopy. In particular, there is a need to understand... Read More about From Phosphorescence to Delayed Fluorescence in One Step: Tuning Photophysical Properties by Quaternisation of an sp2-Hybridised Nitrogen Atom.

Extended Conjugation Attenuates the Quenching of Aggregation-Induced Emitters by Photocyclization Pathways (2022)
Journal Article
Turley, A., Saha, P., Danos, A., Bismillah, A., Monkman, A., Yufit, D., Curchod, B., Etherington., M., & McGonigal, P. (2022). Extended Conjugation Attenuates the Quenching of Aggregation-Induced Emitters by Photocyclization Pathways. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 61(24), Article e202202193. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202202193

Herein, we expose how the antagonistic relationship between solid-state luminescence and photocyclization of oligoaryl alkenes chromophores is modulated by the conjugation length of their alkenyl backbones. Heptaaryl cycloheptatriene molecular rotors... Read More about Extended Conjugation Attenuates the Quenching of Aggregation-Induced Emitters by Photocyclization Pathways.

Dominant dimer emission provides colour stability for red thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter (2022)
Journal Article
Cardeynaels, T., Etherington, M. K., Paredis, S., Batsanov, A. S., Deckers, J., Stavrou, K., Vanderzande, D., Monkman, A. P., Champagne, B., & Maes, W. (2022). Dominant dimer emission provides colour stability for red thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter. Journal of Materials Chemistry C Materials for optical and electronic devices, 10(15), https://doi.org/10.1039/d1tc04913e

Colour purity and stability in multi-donor thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters has significant implications for commercial organic light-emitting diode (OLED) design. The formation of emissive dimer states in the well-known 1,2,3... Read More about Dominant dimer emission provides colour stability for red thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter.

Suppressing Dimer Formation by Increasing Conformational Freedom in Multi-Carbazole Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters (2020)
Journal Article
Salah, L., Etherington, M., Shuaib, A., Danos, A., Nazeer, A., Ghazal, B., Prlj, A., Turley, A., Mallick, A., McGonigal, P., Curchod, B., Monkman, A., & Makhseed, S. (2021). Suppressing Dimer Formation by Increasing Conformational Freedom in Multi-Carbazole Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. Journal of Materials Chemistry C Materials for optical and electronic devices, 9(1), 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0tc04222f

Ideal emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are capable of efficiently harvesting non-emissive triplet states, have high colour stabilities, and possess high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Maintaining colour stability and PLQY... Read More about Suppressing Dimer Formation by Increasing Conformational Freedom in Multi-Carbazole Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters.

Investigation of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from a Donor–Acceptor Compound with Time-Resolved Fluorescence and Density Functional Theory Applying an Optimally Tuned Range-Separated Hybrid Functional (2020)
Journal Article
Scholz, R., Kleine, P., Lygaitis, R., Popp, L., Lenk, S., Etherington, M. K., Monkman, A. P., & Reineke, S. (2020). Investigation of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from a Donor–Acceptor Compound with Time-Resolved Fluorescence and Density Functional Theory Applying an Optimally Tuned Range-Separated Hybrid Functional. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 124(8), 1535-1553. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11083

Emitters showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in electroluminescent devices rely on efficient reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) arising from small thermal activation barriers between the lowest excited triplet and singlet manifol... Read More about Investigation of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from a Donor–Acceptor Compound with Time-Resolved Fluorescence and Density Functional Theory Applying an Optimally Tuned Range-Separated Hybrid Functional.

Homoconjugation enhances the photophysical and electrochemical properties of a new 3D intramolecular charge transfer iptycene displaying deep blue emission (2019)
Journal Article
Montanaro, S., Congrave, D. G., Etherington, M. K., & Wright, I. A. (2019). Homoconjugation enhances the photophysical and electrochemical properties of a new 3D intramolecular charge transfer iptycene displaying deep blue emission. Journal of Materials Chemistry C Materials for optical and electronic devices, 7(41), 12886-12890. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc03255j

A new structural class of 3D molecule capable of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) is introduced, based upon an electron poor ring-fused triptycene core. Its photophysical and electrochemical properties are evaluated in comparison with an analogou... Read More about Homoconjugation enhances the photophysical and electrochemical properties of a new 3D intramolecular charge transfer iptycene displaying deep blue emission.