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Outputs (147)

A new interpretation of Pikaia reveals the origins of the chordate body plan. (2024)
Journal Article
Mussini, G., Smith, M. P., Vinther, J., Rahman, I. A., Murdock, D. J. E., Harper, D. A. T., & Dunn, F. S. (2024). A new interpretation of Pikaia reveals the origins of the chordate body plan. Current Biology, Article S0960-9822(24)00669-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.026

Our understanding of the evolutionary origin of Chordata, one of the most disparate and ecologically significant animal phyla, is hindered by a lack of unambiguous stem-group relatives. Problematic Cambrian fossils that have been considered as candid... Read More about A new interpretation of Pikaia reveals the origins of the chordate body plan..

An Edgewood-type Hirnantian fauna from the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern margin of Laurentia (2024)
Journal Article
Jin, J., & Harper, D. A. (2024). An Edgewood-type Hirnantian fauna from the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern margin of Laurentia. Journal of Paleontology, 98(1), 13-39. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2023.87

Silicified brachiopods from Hirnantian strata in three sections of the lower Whittaker Formation, Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada, yielded a moderately diverse, Edgewood-type Hirnantian fauna, consisting of 13 species: Biparetis paucirugosus... Read More about An Edgewood-type Hirnantian fauna from the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern margin of Laurentia.

Late Ordovician and early Silurian virgianid and stricklandioid brachiopods from North Greenland: implications for a warm‐water faunal province (2024)
Journal Article
Jin, J., Rasmussen, C. M. Ø., Sheehan, P. M., & Harper, D. A. T. (2024). Late Ordovician and early Silurian virgianid and stricklandioid brachiopods from North Greenland: implications for a warm‐water faunal province. Papers in Palaeontology, 10(1), Article e1544. https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1544

An unusually rich and diverse suite of virgianid brachiopods, hitherto poorly known, is systematically described here for the first time from the Ordovician–Silurian boundary interval (late Katian – Aeronian) of North Greenland. The Late Ordovician v... Read More about Late Ordovician and early Silurian virgianid and stricklandioid brachiopods from North Greenland: implications for a warm‐water faunal province.

A giant stem-group chaetognath. (2024)
Journal Article
Park, T. S., Nielsen, M. L., Parry, L. A., Sørensen, M. V., Lee, M., Kihm, J., …Vinther, J. (2024). A giant stem-group chaetognath. Science Advances, 10(1), Article eadi6678. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi6678

Chaetognaths, with their characteristic grasping spines, are the oldest known pelagic predators, found in the lowest Cambrian (Terreneuvian). Here, we describe a large stem chaetognath, gen. et sp. nov., from the lower Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagers... Read More about A giant stem-group chaetognath..

New keratose sponges after the end-Permian extinction provide insights into biotic recoveries. (2023)
Journal Article
Wu, S., Reitner, J., Harper, D. A. T., Yu, J., & Chen, Z.-Q. (2023). New keratose sponges after the end-Permian extinction provide insights into biotic recoveries. Geobiology, 22(1), Article e12582. https://doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12582

We challenge the prevailing view that the end-Permian extinction impeded the Triassic evolution of sponges. Here, we report a deep-water community dominated by abundant keratose sponges in the lowest Triassic strata from Southwest China. The sponge f... Read More about New keratose sponges after the end-Permian extinction provide insights into biotic recoveries..

Late Ordovician Mass Extinction: Earth, fire and ice (2023)
Journal Article
Harper, D. A. T. (2024). Late Ordovician Mass Extinction: Earth, fire and ice. National Science Review, 11(1), Article nwad319. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwad319

The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction was the earliest of the ‘big’ five extinction events and the earliest to affect the trajectory of metazoan life. Two phases have been identified near the start of the Hirnantian period and in the middle. It was a m... Read More about Late Ordovician Mass Extinction: Earth, fire and ice.

The rise and fall of the Malvinoxhosan (Malvinokaffric) bioregion in South Africa: Evidence for Early-Middle Devonian biocrises at the South Pole (2023)
Journal Article
Penn-Clarke, C. R., & Harper, D. A. (2023). The rise and fall of the Malvinoxhosan (Malvinokaffric) bioregion in South Africa: Evidence for Early-Middle Devonian biocrises at the South Pole. Earth-Science Reviews, 246, Article 104595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104595

Global reconstructions, inclusive of environments and ecosystems, and biodiversity counts for the Devonian Period are often done so at the expense of high latitude regions given a historical lack of data presented from these areas. This has bearing o... Read More about The rise and fall of the Malvinoxhosan (Malvinokaffric) bioregion in South Africa: Evidence for Early-Middle Devonian biocrises at the South Pole.

Middle Ordovician brachiopods from Tagoat, Co. Wexford, SE Ireland: Dapingian diversity drivers (2023)
Journal Article
Harper, D. A., & Bates, D. E. (2023). Middle Ordovician brachiopods from Tagoat, Co. Wexford, SE Ireland: Dapingian diversity drivers. Geobios, 81, 85-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2023.06.006

The Dapingian (Arenig) siltstones and sandstones of the Tagoat Group, County Wexford, SE Ireland, contain a well-preserved and diverse brachiopod fauna including a new genus of alimbellid, Palaeotagoatia (type species: Orthis Bailyana Davidson) toget... Read More about Middle Ordovician brachiopods from Tagoat, Co. Wexford, SE Ireland: Dapingian diversity drivers.

The Irish Ordovician brachiopod fauna: A taxonomic renaissance (2023)
Journal Article
Harper, D. A. (2023). The Irish Ordovician brachiopod fauna: A taxonomic renaissance. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 72(1), 38-41. https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2023.35

Despite its small areal extent, the island of Ireland exposes eight Caledonian tectonic terranes; six of them contain Ordovician brachiopod assemblages. These terranes record the early phases and destruction of the Iapetus Ocean through the occurrenc... Read More about The Irish Ordovician brachiopod fauna: A taxonomic renaissance.

No (Cambrian) explosion and no (Ordovician) event: A single long-term radiation in the early Palaeozoic (2023)
Journal Article
Servais, T., Cascales-Miñana, B., Harper, D. A., Lefebvre, B., Munnecke, A., Wang, W., & Zhang, Y. (2023). No (Cambrian) explosion and no (Ordovician) event: A single long-term radiation in the early Palaeozoic. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 623, Article 111592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111592

The Cambrian ‘Explosion’, located by many authors between 540 and 520 million years ago (Ma), is considered to be an abrupt appearance in the fossil record of most animal phyla, with a sudden increase of complex morphologies across metazoan groups. I... Read More about No (Cambrian) explosion and no (Ordovician) event: A single long-term radiation in the early Palaeozoic.

A short history of the Ordovician System: from overlapping unit stratotypes to global stratotype sections and points (2023)
Journal Article

The Ordovician System was introduced by Charles Lapworth as a solution to the overlapping unit stratotypes loosely defined by Adam Sedgwick, for the Cambrian, and Roderick Murchison, for the Silurian. The Ordovician has emerged as one of the longest... Read More about A short history of the Ordovician System: from overlapping unit stratotypes to global stratotype sections and points.

Cambrian and earliest Ordovician fauna and geology of the Sông Đà and adjacent terranes in Việt Nam (Vietnam) (2021)
Journal Article

Later Cambrian and earliest Ordovician trilobites and brachiopods spanning eight horizons from five localities within the Sông Mã, Hàm Rồng and Đông Sơn formations of the Thanh Hóa province of Việt Nam, constrain the age and faunal affinities of rock... Read More about Cambrian and earliest Ordovician fauna and geology of the Sông Đà and adjacent terranes in Việt Nam (Vietnam).

An atypical Burgess Shale-type fossil assemblage from Cambrian Stage 4 of the Jingshan area, South China: Taphonomy, palaeoecology, and global correlations (2021)
Journal Article

Burgess Shale-type biotas have been widely reported from the Cambrian in North America, Siberia, Greenland, China, and Australia; they are crucial in reconstructing the biotic evolution and ecological interactions of early metazoans. Here, we report... Read More about An atypical Burgess Shale-type fossil assemblage from Cambrian Stage 4 of the Jingshan area, South China: Taphonomy, palaeoecology, and global correlations.

Hirnantia Fauna from the Condroz Inlier, Belgium: another case of a relict Ordovician shelly fauna in the Silurian? (2021)
Journal Article

The end-Ordovician mass extinction, linked to a major glaciation, led to deep changes in Hirnantian–Rhuddanian biotas. The Hirnantia Fauna, the first of two Hirnantian survival brachiopod-dominated communities, characterizes the lower–mid Hirnantian... Read More about Hirnantia Fauna from the Condroz Inlier, Belgium: another case of a relict Ordovician shelly fauna in the Silurian?.

Early Cambrian brachiopod-dominated shell concentrations from North-East Greenland: Environmental and taphonomic implications (2021)
Journal Article

The occurrence of a series of thin but persistent early Cambrian (Cambrian Age 4) brachiopod shell concentrations extending along a transect of some 150 km in NE Greenland, indicates the ability of the group to form widespread, skeletal pavements ver... Read More about Early Cambrian brachiopod-dominated shell concentrations from North-East Greenland: Environmental and taphonomic implications.

Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) conodonts from southern Tibet, the Indian passive margin: implications for the age and correlation of the roof of the world (2020)
Journal Article

New occurrences of middle–late Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) conodonts are reported from the Nyalam region, southern Tibet. The conodont-yielding strata, referred to the Chiatsun Group, accumulated on the north Indian continental margin of northern... Read More about Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) conodonts from southern Tibet, the Indian passive margin: implications for the age and correlation of the roof of the world.

A Cambrian–Ordovician boundary section in the Rafnes–Herøya submarine tunnel, Skien–Langesund District, southern Norway (2020)
Journal Article

Rock specimens and contained fossils collected in 1976 from a submarine tunnel driven between Herøya and Rafnes in the Skien–Langesund area of southern Norway, have been restudied. The contained fossils include olenid and agnostoid trilobites, grapto... Read More about A Cambrian–Ordovician boundary section in the Rafnes–Herøya submarine tunnel, Skien–Langesund District, southern Norway.

Ordovician successions in southern-central Xizang (Tibet), China—Refining the stratigraphy of the Himalayan and Lhasa terranes (2020)
Journal Article

The Ordovician stratigraphy of southern-central Xizang (Tibet) has been revised based on new conodont data recovered from 43 samples in four stratigraphic units and their integration with existing nautiloid and graptolite data. The Histiodella holode... Read More about Ordovician successions in southern-central Xizang (Tibet), China—Refining the stratigraphy of the Himalayan and Lhasa terranes.

An extraterrestrial trigger for the mid-Ordovician ice age: Dust from the breakup of the L-chondrite parent body (2019)
Journal Article

The breakup of the L-chondrite parent body in the asteroid belt 466 million years (Ma) ago still delivers almost a third of all meteorites falling on Earth. Our new extraterrestrial chromite and 3He data for Ordovician sediments show that the breakup... Read More about An extraterrestrial trigger for the mid-Ordovician ice age: Dust from the breakup of the L-chondrite parent body.

The latest Ordovician Hirnantia brachiopod fauna of Myanmar: Significance of new data from the Mandalay Region (2019)
Journal Article

A new, latest Ordovician brachiopod fauna is systematically described from the Hwe Mawng Purple Shale Member (Hirnantian) of the Naungkangyi Group of the Pa-thin area, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, revealing one of the most diverse representatives of the... Read More about The latest Ordovician Hirnantia brachiopod fauna of Myanmar: Significance of new data from the Mandalay Region.

A latest Ordovician Hirnantia brachiopod fauna from western Yunnan, Southwest China and its paleobiogeographic significance (2019)
Journal Article

A new, high-diversity, latest Ordovician brachiopod fauna of nearly 800 brachiopod specimens was collected from the Wanyaoshu Formation (Hirnantian) in the Shaodihe section, Mangshi City, western Yunnan, Southwest China. Altogether 22 genera and two... Read More about A latest Ordovician Hirnantia brachiopod fauna from western Yunnan, Southwest China and its paleobiogeographic significance.

An Image Mapping Approach to U-Pb LA-ICP-MS Carbonate Dating and Applications to Direct Dating of Carbonate Sedimentation (2018)
Journal Article

We present a new approach to laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) U‐Pb dating of carbonates based on selection and pooling of pixels from 2‐D elemental and isotopic ratio maps. This image mapping technique is partic... Read More about An Image Mapping Approach to U-Pb LA-ICP-MS Carbonate Dating and Applications to Direct Dating of Carbonate Sedimentation.

The Sirius Passet Lagerstätte of North Greenland—A geochemical window on early Cambrian low‐oxygen environments and ecosystems (2018)
Journal Article

The early Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of northernmost Greenland (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) contains exceptionally preserved soft tissues that provide an important window to early animal evolution, while the surrounding sediment holds critical data... Read More about The Sirius Passet Lagerstätte of North Greenland—A geochemical window on early Cambrian low‐oxygen environments and ecosystems.

Characterization of kerogenous films and taphonomic modes of the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, Greenland (2018)
Journal Article

The Sirius Passet Lagerstätte (northern Greenland) is an exceptionally well-preserved early Cambrian faunal community containing a diverse array of stem-group euarthropods, lobopodians, worms, sponges, and the iconic Halkieria. Material collected in... Read More about Characterization of kerogenous films and taphonomic modes of the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, Greenland.

Possible patterns of marine primary productivity during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (2017)
Journal Article

Following the appearance of numerous animal phyla during the ‘Cambrian Explosion’, the ‘Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event’ (GOBE) records their rapid diversification at the lower taxonomic levels, constituting the most significant rise in bio... Read More about Possible patterns of marine primary productivity during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.

Identifying the most surprising victims of mass extinction events: an example using Late Ordovician Brachiopods (2017)
Journal Article

Mass extinction events are recognized by increases in extinction rate and magnitude and, often, by changes in the selectivity of extinction. When considering the selective fingerprint of a particular event, not all taxon extinctions are equally infor... Read More about Identifying the most surprising victims of mass extinction events: an example using Late Ordovician Brachiopods.

Sexual dimorphism within the stem-group arthropod Isoxys volucris from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, North Greenland (2017)
Journal Article

Morphometric analyses carried out on 126 specimens of the early Cambrian (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) stem-group arthropod Isoxys volucris from North Greenland reveal a bimodal distribution, where Morphogroup A is characterised by a significantly wid... Read More about Sexual dimorphism within the stem-group arthropod Isoxys volucris from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, North Greenland.

Brachiopod faunas after the end Ordovician mass extinction from South China: Testing ecological change through a major taxonomic crisis (2017)
Journal Article

Classification of extinction events and their severity is generally based on taxonomic counts. The ecological impacts of such events have been categorized and prioritized but rarely tested with empirical data. The ecology of the end Ordovician extinc... Read More about Brachiopod faunas after the end Ordovician mass extinction from South China: Testing ecological change through a major taxonomic crisis.

Permian–Triassic evolution of the Bivalvia: Extinction-recovery patterns linked to ecologic and taxonomic selectivity (2016)
Journal Article

The Bivalvia is an important benthic clade that was relatively less affected than other benthos during the Permian–Triassic (P–Tr) biotic crisis, reporting losses of 85%, 64%, and 32% at the species, genus and family levels, respectively. This clade... Read More about Permian–Triassic evolution of the Bivalvia: Extinction-recovery patterns linked to ecologic and taxonomic selectivity.

A Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) bivalve-dominated molluscan fauna from the Stairway Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia (2016)
Journal Article

A bivalve-dominated molluscan fauna is described from the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) Stairway Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia. The fauna comprises 16 species of bivalves and rostroconchs plus six gastropod species which are treated u... Read More about A Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) bivalve-dominated molluscan fauna from the Stairway Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia.

Biogeographic and bathymetric determinants of brachiopod extinction and survival during the Late Ordovician mass extinction (2016)
Journal Article

The Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME) coincided with dramatic climate changes, but there are numerous ways in which these changes could have driven marine extinctions. We use a palaeobiogeographic database of rhynchonelliform brachiopods to exam... Read More about Biogeographic and bathymetric determinants of brachiopod extinction and survival during the Late Ordovician mass extinction.

The Sirius Passet Lagerstatte: silica death masking opens the window on the earliest matground community of the Cambrian explosion (2016)
Journal Article

The Sirius Passet Lagerstätte (SP), Peary Land, North Greenland, occurs in black slates deposited at or just below storm wave base. It represents the earliest Cambrian microbial mat community with exceptional preservation, predating the Burgess Shale... Read More about The Sirius Passet Lagerstatte: silica death masking opens the window on the earliest matground community of the Cambrian explosion.

Lower and Middle Ordovician conodonts of Laurentian affinity from blocks of limestone in the Rosroe Formation, South Mayo Trough, western Ireland and their palaeogeographic implication (2015)
Journal Article
their palaeogeographic implication. Geological Journal, 51(4), 584-599. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.2659

The Middle Ordovician Rosroe Formation consists of some 1350 m of coarse, mainly siliciclastic to volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, deposited in a submarine fan environment, and is restricted to the southern limb of the South Mayo Trough, western Ire... Read More about Lower and Middle Ordovician conodonts of Laurentian affinity from blocks of limestone in the Rosroe Formation, South Mayo Trough, western Ireland and their palaeogeographic implication.

The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species (2015)
Journal Article
Hints, L., & Harper, D. (2015). The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 60(2), 395-420. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2013.0010

Rhynchonelliformean brachiopods, belonging to 17 genera, are described from the East Baltic Porkuni Regional Stage, correlated with the global Hirnantian Stage. The brachiopod genera Paromalomena, Proboscizambon?, Kinnella, Drabo-via, and Coolinia, w... Read More about The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species.

An earth system approach to understanding the end-Ordovician (Hirnantian) mass extinction (2014)
Book Chapter
Armstrong, H., & Harper, D. (2014). An earth system approach to understanding the end-Ordovician (Hirnantian) mass extinction. In G. Keller, & A. Kerr (Eds.), Volcanism, impacts, and mass extinctions : causes and effects (287-300). Geological Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.2505%2814%29

The Hirnantian mass extinction is recognized as the first of the "big three" extinctions and, along with the end-Permian and end-Cretaceous events, is the result of an acceleration in biotic extinctions concomitant with a rise in originations. The Hi... Read More about An earth system approach to understanding the end-Ordovician (Hirnantian) mass extinction.

Precisely locating the Ordovician equator in Laurentia (2013)
Journal Article
Jisuo, J., Harper, D., Cocks, L., McCausland, P., Rasmussen, C., & Sheehan, P. (2013). Precisely locating the Ordovician equator in Laurentia. Geology, 41(2), 107-110. https://doi.org/10.1130/g33688.1

The Late Ordovician equatorial zone, like the zone today, had few hurricane-grade storms within 10º of the equator, as emphasized by the preservation of massive-bedded Thalassinoides ichnofacies in a trans-Laurentian belt more than 6000 km long, from... Read More about Precisely locating the Ordovician equator in Laurentia.

Neoichnology and implications for stratigraphy of reworked Upper Oligocene oysters, Antigua, West Indies (2013)
Journal Article
Oligocene oysters, Antigua, West Indies. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 125(1), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2013.10.002

The Late Oligocene oyster Hyotissa antiguensis (Brown) is locally common in the Antigua Formation of Hughes Point, eastern Antigua, Lesser Antilles; it was not commonly bored at that time. Its valves and shells are robust, and reworked into the shall... Read More about Neoichnology and implications for stratigraphy of reworked Upper Oligocene oysters, Antigua, West Indies.

A starfish bed in the Middle Miocene Grand Bay Formation of Carriacou, The Grenadines (West Indies) (2013)
Journal Article
Jagt, J., Thuy, B., Donovan, S., Stohr, S., Portell, R., Pickerill, R., …Jackson, T. (2014). A starfish bed in the Middle Miocene Grand Bay Formation of Carriacou, The Grenadines (West Indies). Geological Magazine, 151(3), 381-393. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0016756813000204

The first starfish bed to be recognized from the Antilles is a lensoid body in the middle Miocene Grand Bay Formation of Carriacou, The Grenadines (West Indies). This unit was deposited in a turbidite basin in a region of active volcanism fed from on... Read More about A starfish bed in the Middle Miocene Grand Bay Formation of Carriacou, The Grenadines (West Indies).

Arthroaspis n. gen., a common element of the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte (Cambrian, North Greenland), sheds light on trilobite ancestry (2013)
Journal Article
Stein, M., Budd, G., Peel, J., & Harper, D. (2013). Arthroaspis n. gen., a common element of the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte (Cambrian, North Greenland), sheds light on trilobite ancestry. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13, Article 99. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-99

Background: Exceptionally preserved Palaeozoic faunas have yielded a plethora of trilobite-like arthropods, often referred to as lamellipedians. Among these, Artiopoda is supposed to contain taxa united by a distinctive appendage structure. This incl... Read More about Arthroaspis n. gen., a common element of the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte (Cambrian, North Greenland), sheds light on trilobite ancestry.

Ancestral billingsellides and the evolution and phylogenetic relationships of early rhynchonelliform brachiopods. (2013)
Journal Article
Topper, T., Harper, D., & Brock, G. (2013). Ancestral billingsellides and the evolution and phylogenetic relationships of early rhynchonelliform brachiopods. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 11(7), 821-833. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2012.728253

The relationship of many Cambrian rhynchonelliform brachiopods is poorly understood, with many genera displaying a combination of morphological features that are taxonomically confusing. The study of middle Cambrian–early Tremadocian brachiopods is c... Read More about Ancestral billingsellides and the evolution and phylogenetic relationships of early rhynchonelliform brachiopods..

End Ordovician extinctions : a coincidence of causes. (2013)
Journal Article
Harper, D., Hammarlund, E., & Rasmussen, C. (2014). End Ordovician extinctions : a coincidence of causes. Gondwana Research, 25(4), 1294-1307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.12.021

The end Ordovician (Hirnantian) extinction was the first of the five big Phanerozoic extinction events, and the first that involved metazoan-based communities. It comprised two discrete pulses, both linked in different ways to an intense but short-li... Read More about End Ordovician extinctions : a coincidence of causes..

The oldest brachiopods from the lower Cambrian of South Australia. (2012)
Journal Article
Topper, T., Holmer, L., Skovsted, C., Brock, G., Balthasar, U., Larsson, C., …Harper, D. (2012). The oldest brachiopods from the lower Cambrian of South Australia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 58(1), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0146

The morphology and organophosphatic shell structure of the paterinate brachiopod Askepasma is documented using new and previously collected specimens from the lower Cambrian of South Australia. Lack of adequately preserved material has seen the major... Read More about The oldest brachiopods from the lower Cambrian of South Australia..

Carbon-isotope stratigraphy of the Lower Ordovician succession in Northeast Greenland: Implications for correlations with St. George Group in western Newfoundland (Canada) and beyond (2010)
Journal Article
Azmy, K., Stouge, S., Christiansen, J., Harper, D., Knight, I., & Boyce, D. (2010). Carbon-isotope stratigraphy of the Lower Ordovician succession in Northeast Greenland: Implications for correlations with St. George Group in western Newfoundland (Canada) and beyond. Sedimentary Geology, 225(1-2), 67-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2010.01.007