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Outputs (123)

A Bayesian astrochronology for the Cambrian first occurrence of trilobites in West Gondwana (Morocco) (2024)
Journal Article
Sinnesael, M., Millard, A. R., & Smith, M. R. (2024). A Bayesian astrochronology for the Cambrian first occurrence of trilobites in West Gondwana (Morocco). Geology, https://doi.org/10.1130/G51718.1

The first occurrence of trilobites ~520 million years ago is an iconic feature of the Cambrian Explosion. Developing a robust evolutionary view on early Cambrian life is generally hindered by large uncertainties in the ages of fossil finds, and their... Read More about A Bayesian astrochronology for the Cambrian first occurrence of trilobites in West Gondwana (Morocco).

The first dietary stable isotope data from the Čunkāni-Dreņģeri Iron Age population (seventh–eleventh centuries CE) from Latvia (2023)
Journal Article
Pētersone-Gordina, E., Gerhards, G., Vilcāne, A., Millard, A., & Moore, J. (2023). The first dietary stable isotope data from the Čunkāni-Dreņģeri Iron Age population (seventh–eleventh centuries CE) from Latvia. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 15(12), Article 185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-023-01880-8

The main aim of this research was to study diet and possible social stratification in the Iron Age population of Čunkāni-Dreņģeri from Latvia through burial practice and dietary isotope analysis. This research also used previously published comparati... Read More about The first dietary stable isotope data from the Čunkāni-Dreņģeri Iron Age population (seventh–eleventh centuries CE) from Latvia.

The expendables: Bioarchaeological evidence for pauper apprentices in 19th century England and the health consequences of child labour (2023)
Journal Article

Child labour is the most common form of child abuse in the world today, with almost half of child workers employed in hazardous industries. The large-scale employment of children during the rapid industrialisation of the late 18th and early 19th cent... Read More about The expendables: Bioarchaeological evidence for pauper apprentices in 19th century England and the health consequences of child labour.

Multifactorial approach to describe early diagenesis of bones: The case study of the Merovingian Cemetery of Saint-Linaire (France) (2023)
Journal Article

The excavation of the Merovingian cemetery of Saint-Linaire (France) was an opportunity to describe the completeness of the tombs preserved from soil erosion. An anthropobiological study was carried out on the osteological material and the different... Read More about Multifactorial approach to describe early diagenesis of bones: The case study of the Merovingian Cemetery of Saint-Linaire (France).

Strontium isotope identification of possible rural immigrants in 17th century mass graves at St. Gertrude Church cemetery in Riga, Latvia (2022)
Journal Article

The aims of this study were to explore the origins of 19 children buried in two mass graves and the general cemetery at the post-medieval St Gertrude Church cemetery in Riga, Latvia, using strontium isotope analysis (87Sr/86Sr), and to establish loca... Read More about Strontium isotope identification of possible rural immigrants in 17th century mass graves at St. Gertrude Church cemetery in Riga, Latvia.

Childhood in Colonial Otago, New Zealand: Integrating Isotopic and Dental Evidence for Growth Disturbance and Oral Health (2021)
Journal Article

Experiences of childhood in colonial New Zealand are difficult to reconstruct from the historical record alone. Many of those who came to the colony were illiterate, and the Victorian tendency to avoid discussion of pregnancy and breastfeeding practi... Read More about Childhood in Colonial Otago, New Zealand: Integrating Isotopic and Dental Evidence for Growth Disturbance and Oral Health.

Multi-isotope evidence of population aggregation in the Natufian and scant migration during the early Neolithic of the Southern Levant (2021)
Journal Article

Human mobility and migration are thought to have played essential roles in the consolidation and expansion of sedentary villages, long-distance exchanges and transmission of ideas and practices during the Neolithic transition of the Near East. Few is... Read More about Multi-isotope evidence of population aggregation in the Natufian and scant migration during the early Neolithic of the Southern Levant.

The “weanling’s dilemma” revisited: Evolving bodies of evidence and the problem of infant paleodietary interpretation (2021)
Journal Article

Breastfeeding is known to be a powerful mediator of maternal and childhood health, with impacts throughout the lifecourse. Paleodietary studies of the past thirty years have accordingly taken an enduring interest in the health and diet of young child... Read More about The “weanling’s dilemma” revisited: Evolving bodies of evidence and the problem of infant paleodietary interpretation.

Scottish soldiers from the Battle of Dunbar 1650: A prosopographical approach to a skeletal assemblage (2020)
Journal Article

After the Battle Dunbar between English and Scottish forces in 1650, captured Scottish soldiers were imprisoned in Durham and many hundreds died there within a few weeks. The partial skeletal remains of 28 of these men were discovered in 2013. Buildi... Read More about Scottish soldiers from the Battle of Dunbar 1650: A prosopographical approach to a skeletal assemblage.

5 The Finds (2020)
Book Chapter
Gaydarska, B., Nebbia, M., Chapman, J., Caswell, E., Arbeiter, S., Ovchinnikov, E., …Galyna, P. (2020). 5 The Finds. In B. Gaydarska (Ed.), Early Urbanism in Europe (265-414). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110664959-009

Investigating dietary life histories and mobility of children buried in St Gertrude Church Cemetery, Riga, Latvia (15th– 17th centuries AD) (2020)
Journal Article

Carbon and nitrogen isotope profiles were obtained from incremental dentine analysis of 19 non‐adults from a cemetery in Riga, Latvia. The research compared the life histories and diet between people buried in two mass graves and the general cemetery... Read More about Investigating dietary life histories and mobility of children buried in St Gertrude Church Cemetery, Riga, Latvia (15th– 17th centuries AD).

A new method for investigating the relationship between diet and mortality: hazard analysis using dietary isotopes (2019)
Journal Article

Background: The population of Roman Britain are renowned for having elevated nitrogen (δ15) stable isotope values, which have been interpreted as evidence for the increased consumption of marine products. However, such results are now understood to a... Read More about A new method for investigating the relationship between diet and mortality: hazard analysis using dietary isotopes.

The Evolution of Diet During the 5th to 2nd millennium BCE for the ‎population buried at Tepe Hissar, North-eastern Central Iranian Plateau: ‎The Stable Isotope Evidence (2019)
Journal Article

This study investigated subsistence economy and dietary changes during the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages (the 5th to 2nd millennium BCE) in the Central Iranian Plateau through a study of skeletal remains buried at Tepe Hissar, Iran. Tepe Hissar experi... Read More about The Evolution of Diet During the 5th to 2nd millennium BCE for the ‎population buried at Tepe Hissar, North-eastern Central Iranian Plateau: ‎The Stable Isotope Evidence.

Trypillia mega-sites of the Ukraine (2019)
Digital Artefact
Chapman, J., Gaydarska, B., Nebbia, M., Millard, A., Albert, B., Hale, D., …Ukrainii, G. (2019). Trypillia mega-sites of the Ukraine. [[Media unknown]]

Mobile elites at Frattesina: flows of people in a Late Bronze Age ‘port of trade’ in northern Italy (2019)
Journal Article

Following a mid twelfth-century BC demographic crisis, Frattesina, in northern Italy, arose as a prominent hub linking continental Europe and the Mediterranean, as evidenced by the remarkable variety of exotic materials and commodities discovered at... Read More about Mobile elites at Frattesina: flows of people in a Late Bronze Age ‘port of trade’ in northern Italy.

What was the ecological impact of a Trypillia mega-site occupation? Multi-proxy palaeo-environmental investigations at Nebelivka, Ukraine (2019)
Journal Article

Fine-resolution sampling of pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs and microcharcoal as well as sedimentological data in a 6-m sediment core were used to reconstruct both natural conditions and human impacts in the late fifth and early fourth millennia cal... Read More about What was the ecological impact of a Trypillia mega-site occupation? Multi-proxy palaeo-environmental investigations at Nebelivka, Ukraine.

Economic and socio-cultural consequences of changing political rule on human and faunal diets in medieval Valencia (c. fifth–fifteenth century AD) as evidenced by stable isotopes (2019)
Journal Article

This paper explores the impact of changing religious political rule on subsistence within a single city through time using stable isotope analysis of human and animal bone collagen. The diet and economy of the medieval city of Valencia (Spain) are ex... Read More about Economic and socio-cultural consequences of changing political rule on human and faunal diets in medieval Valencia (c. fifth–fifteenth century AD) as evidenced by stable isotopes.

"Investigation of a Historical Crime Scene" - A Comprehensive Study of an Unusual Burial in the Calvinist Church of Sóly, Hungary (2019)
Journal Article

A rescue excavation in the Chapel of the Presbyterian Church of Sóly, explored a grave of two men in an unusual position among 20 other child burials in 2008-2009. The burial is dated to the early modern (16-17th century AD) Period. The 45-50-year-ol... Read More about "Investigation of a Historical Crime Scene" - A Comprehensive Study of an Unusual Burial in the Calvinist Church of Sóly, Hungary.

Investigating dietary patterns and organisational structure by using stable isotope analysis: a pilot study of the Danish medieval leprosy hospital at Næstved (2019)
Journal Article
Brozou, A., Lynnerup, N., Mannino, M. A., Millard, A. R., & Gröcke, D. R. (2019). Investigating dietary patterns and organisational structure by using stable isotope analysis: a pilot study of the Danish medieval leprosy hospital at Næstved. Anthropologischer Anzeiger, 76(3), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0949

During the 12th and 13th centuries, numerous leprosy hospitals were founded in Europe. Given that leprosy was not considered infectious, this may reflect social dimensions of the disease. Aiming at exploring the impact of leprosy on medieval people a... Read More about Investigating dietary patterns and organisational structure by using stable isotope analysis: a pilot study of the Danish medieval leprosy hospital at Næstved.

Flows of people in villages and large centres in Bronze Age Italy through strontium and oxygen isotopes (2019)
Journal Article

This study investigates to what extent Bronze Age societies in Northern Italy were permeable accepting and integrating non-local individuals, as well as importing a wide range of raw materials, commodities, and ideas from networks spanning continenta... Read More about Flows of people in villages and large centres in Bronze Age Italy through strontium and oxygen isotopes.

The Making of Chalcolithic Assembly Places: Trypillia Megasites as Materialised Consensus Among Equal Strangers? (2018)
Journal Article
Nebbia, M., Gaydarska, B., Millard, A., & Chapman, J. (2018). The Making of Chalcolithic Assembly Places: Trypillia Megasites as Materialised Consensus Among Equal Strangers?. World Archaeology, 50(1), 41-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2018.1474133

In the last decade, we have witnessed a second methodological revolution in research into the Trypillia megasites of Ukraine – the largest sites in fourth-millennium BC Europe and possibly the world. However, these methodological advances have not be... Read More about The Making of Chalcolithic Assembly Places: Trypillia Megasites as Materialised Consensus Among Equal Strangers?.

A multifaceted approach towards interpreting early life experience and infant feeding practices in the ancient Atacama Desert, Northern Chile (2018)
Journal Article
King, C., Snoddy, A., Millard, A., Grocke, D., Standen, V., Arriaza, B., & Halcrow, S. (2018). A multifaceted approach towards interpreting early life experience and infant feeding practices in the ancient Atacama Desert, Northern Chile. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 28(5), 599-612. https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.2671

Interpreting early life experience in the past is of considerable interest to archaeologists, yet remains fraught with difficulty. Children are sensitive barometers of population health in general. In addition, infant feeding practices, and stresses... Read More about A multifaceted approach towards interpreting early life experience and infant feeding practices in the ancient Atacama Desert, Northern Chile.

Estudio isotópico del consumo de recursos maritimos y terrestres en la prehistoria del desierto de Atacama (Isotopic study of marine and terrestrial resources in the prehistory of the Atacama Desert) (2018)
Journal Article
King, C., Arriaza, B., Standen, V., Millard, A., Gröcke, D., Muñoz, I., & Halcrow, S. (2018). Estudio isotópico del consumo de recursos maritimos y terrestres en la prehistoria del desierto de Atacama (Isotopic study of marine and terrestrial resources in the prehistory of the Atacama Desert). Chungara (Arica. En línea), 50(3), 369-396. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73562018005000802

Este trabajo explora desde una perspectiva diacrónica la dieta de las poblaciones prehispánicas de la región de Arica mediante análisis isotópicos de δ13C y δ15N, con el propósito de evaluar si hubieron cambios en los patrones dietarios desde los pri... Read More about Estudio isotópico del consumo de recursos maritimos y terrestres en la prehistoria del desierto de Atacama (Isotopic study of marine and terrestrial resources in the prehistory of the Atacama Desert).

Isotopic analysis of burials from the early Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Eastbourne, Sussex, U.K (2018)
Journal Article
Hughes, S. S., Millard, A. R., Chenery, C. A., Nowell, G., & Pearson, D. G. (2018). Isotopic analysis of burials from the early Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Eastbourne, Sussex, U.K. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 19, 513-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.03.004

The transition from Roman Britain to early Anglo-Saxon England, traditionally described as the Adventus Saxonum and associated with a large-scale invasion by Germanic peoples, has been the subject of much debate. The archaeological record does not su... Read More about Isotopic analysis of burials from the early Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Eastbourne, Sussex, U.K.

Dental disease and dietary isotopes of individuals from St Gertrude Church cemetery, Riga, Latvia (2018)
Journal Article
Petersone-Gordina, P., Roberts, C., Millard, A., Montgomery, J., & Gerhards, G. (2018). Dental disease and dietary isotopes of individuals from St Gertrude Church cemetery, Riga, Latvia. PLoS ONE, 13(1), Article e0191757. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191757

This research explores oral health indicators and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data to explore diet, and differences in diet, between people buried in the four different contexts of the St Gertrude Church cemetery (15th– 17th centuries AD): the... Read More about Dental disease and dietary isotopes of individuals from St Gertrude Church cemetery, Riga, Latvia.

Let's talk about stress, baby! Infant-feeding practices and stress in the ancient Atacama desert, Northern Chile (2018)
Journal Article
King, C. L., Halcrow, S. E., Millard, A. R., Gröcke, D. R., Standen, V. G., Portilla, M., & Arriaza, B. T. (2018). Let's talk about stress, baby! Infant-feeding practices and stress in the ancient Atacama desert, Northern Chile. American journal of physical anthropology, 166(1), 139-155. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23411

Aims and objectives: The transition to an agricultural economy is often presumed to involve an increase in female fertility related to changes in weaning practice. In particular, the availability of staple crops as complementary foods is hypothesized... Read More about Let's talk about stress, baby! Infant-feeding practices and stress in the ancient Atacama desert, Northern Chile.

Marine resource reliance in the human populations of the Atacama Desert, northern Chile – a view from prehistory (2018)
Journal Article
King, C. L., Millard, A. R., Gröcke, D. R., Standen, V. G., Arriaza, B. T., & Halcrow, S. E. (2018). Marine resource reliance in the human populations of the Atacama Desert, northern Chile – a view from prehistory. Quaternary Science Reviews, 182, 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.12.009

The Atacama Desert is one of the most inhospitable terrestrial environments on Earth, yet the upwelling of the Humboldt Current off the coast has resulted in the presence of a rich marine biota. It is this marine environment which first enabled the h... Read More about Marine resource reliance in the human populations of the Atacama Desert, northern Chile – a view from prehistory.

Interpersonal violence among the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages inhabitants living on the Central Plateau of Iran: A voice from Tepe Hissar (2018)
Journal Article
Afshar, Z., Roberts, C., & Millard, A. (2018). Interpersonal violence among the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages inhabitants living on the Central Plateau of Iran: A voice from Tepe Hissar. Anthropologischer Anzeiger, 75(1), 49-66. https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2018/0723

The site of Tepe Hissar (Iran) experienced widespread cultural and economic changes during the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages (5th to the 2nd millennium B.C.). The discovery of evidence of burning, including charred human remains, the destruction of bu... Read More about Interpersonal violence among the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages inhabitants living on the Central Plateau of Iran: A voice from Tepe Hissar.

Nebelivka, Ukraine: geophysical survey of a complete Trypillia mega-site (2017)
Book Chapter
Hale, D., Chapman, J., Videiko, M., Gaydarska, B., Burdo, N., Villis, R., …Rud, V. (2017). Nebelivka, Ukraine: geophysical survey of a complete Trypillia mega-site. In B. Jennings, C. Gaffney, T. Sparrow, & S. Gaffney (Eds.), AP2017: 12th International Conference of Archaeological Prospection (12th-16th September 2017, University of Bradford) (100-102). Archaeopress

Out of the mouths of babes and sucklings: Breastfeeding and weaning in the past (2017)
Book Chapter
Halcrow, S. E., King, C. L., Millard, A. R., Snoddy, A. M. E., Scott, R. M., Elliott, G. E., …Arriaza, B. T. (2017). Out of the mouths of babes and sucklings: Breastfeeding and weaning in the past. In C. Tomori, A. L. Palmquist, & E. Quinn (Eds.), Breastfeeding : new anthropological approaches (155-169). Routledge

Reconstruction of prehistoric pottery use from fatty acid carbon isotope signatures using Bayesian inference (2017)
Journal Article
Fernandes, R., Eley, Y., Brabec, M., Lucquin, A., Millard, A., & Craig, O. (2018). Reconstruction of prehistoric pottery use from fatty acid carbon isotope signatures using Bayesian inference. Organic Geochemistry, 117, 31-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.11.014

Carbon isotope measurements of individual fatty acids (C16:0 and C18:0) recovered from archaeological pottery vessels are widely used in archaeology to investigate past culinary and economic practices. Typically, such isotope measurements are matched... Read More about Reconstruction of prehistoric pottery use from fatty acid carbon isotope signatures using Bayesian inference.

‘From the mouths of babes’: a subadult dietary stable isotope perspective on Roman London (Londinium) (2017)
Journal Article
Redfern, R., Gowland, R., Millard, A., Powell, L., & Gröcke, D. (2018). ‘From the mouths of babes’: a subadult dietary stable isotope perspective on Roman London (Londinium). Journal of Archaeological Science, 19, 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.08.015

Londinium (48–410 CE) was the focus for Roman administration and trade in Britain; it was established and inhabited by people from across the Empire who continued to practice their diverse food-ways. Roman London was a unique settlement, whose fluctu... Read More about ‘From the mouths of babes’: a subadult dietary stable isotope perspective on Roman London (Londinium).

A comparison of using bulk and incremental isotopic analyses to establish weaning practices in the past (2017)
Journal Article
King, C. L., Millard, A. R., Gröcke, D. R., Standen, V. G., Arriaza, B. T., & Halcrow, S. E. (2017). A comparison of using bulk and incremental isotopic analyses to establish weaning practices in the past. Science and Technology of Archaeological Research, 3(1), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2018.1443548

The use of incremental carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis is gaining momentum as a way of establishing infant feeding practices in the past. Here we examine the differences in information gleaned through incremental isotopic techniques applied to... Read More about A comparison of using bulk and incremental isotopic analyses to establish weaning practices in the past.

Going south of the river: a multidisciplinary analysis of ancestry, mobility and diet in a population from Roman Southwark, London (2016)
Journal Article
Redfern, R., Gröcke, D., Millard, A., Ridgeway, V., Johnson, L., & Hefner, J. (2016). Going south of the river: a multidisciplinary analysis of ancestry, mobility and diet in a population from Roman Southwark, London. Journal of Archaeological Science, 74, 11-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2016.07.016

This study investigated the ancestry, childhood residency and diet of 22 individuals buried at an A.D. 2nd and 4th century cemetery at Lant Street, in the southern burial area of Roman London. The possible presence of migrants was investigated using... Read More about Going south of the river: a multidisciplinary analysis of ancestry, mobility and diet in a population from Roman Southwark, London.

Poor preservation of antibodies in archaeological human bone and dentine (2016)
Journal Article
Kendall, R., Hendy, J., Collins, M., Millard, A., & Gowland, R. (2016). Poor preservation of antibodies in archaeological human bone and dentine. Science and Technology of Archaeological Research, 2(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2015.1133117

The growth of proteomics-based methods in archaeology prompted an investigation of the survival of non-collagenous proteins, specifically immunoglobulin G (IgG), in archaeological human bone and dentine. Over a decade ago reports were published on ex... Read More about Poor preservation of antibodies in archaeological human bone and dentine.

Isotopic investigation of residential mobility and diet (2015)
Book Chapter
Millard, A. (2015). Isotopic investigation of residential mobility and diet. In J. McKinley, M. Leivers, J. Schuster, P. Marshall, A. Barclay, & N. Stoodley (Eds.), Cliffs End Farm, Isle of Thanet, Kent: A mortuary and ritual site of the Bronze Age, Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon period with evidence for long-distance maritime mobility (135-146). Wessex Archaeology

Diet, society, and economy in late medieval Spain: Stable isotope evidence from Muslims and Christians from Gandía, Valencia (2014)
Journal Article
Alexander, M., Gerrard, C., Gutiérrez, A., & Millard, A. (2015). Diet, society, and economy in late medieval Spain: Stable isotope evidence from Muslims and Christians from Gandía, Valencia. American journal of physical anthropology, 156(2), 263-273. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22647

This article investigates the diets of neighboring Christians and Muslims in late medieval Spain (here 13th–16th centuries) through the analysis of the stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in adult human and animal bone collagen. Twen... Read More about Diet, society, and economy in late medieval Spain: Stable isotope evidence from Muslims and Christians from Gandía, Valencia.

Childhood lead exposure in the British Isles during the industrial revolution (2014)
Book Chapter
Millard, A., Montgomery, J., Trickett, M., Beaumont, J., Evans, J., & Chenery, S. (2014). Childhood lead exposure in the British Isles during the industrial revolution. In M. Zuckerman (Ed.), Modern environments and human health : revisiting the second epidemiological transition (279-300). Wiley

Man-made toxin exposure is one of the defining characteristics of the second epidemiological transition. Our analysis of previous data shows that lead levels in tooth enamel above 0.87 ppm are characteristic of exposure to anthropogenic lead. In Brit... Read More about Childhood lead exposure in the British Isles during the industrial revolution.

Food Reconstruction Using Isotopic Transferred Signals (FRUITS): A Bayesian Model for Diet Reconstruction (2014)
Journal Article
Fernandes, R., Millard, A., Brabec, M., Nadeau, M., & Grootes, P. (2014). Food Reconstruction Using Isotopic Transferred Signals (FRUITS): A Bayesian Model for Diet Reconstruction. PLoS ONE, 9(2), Article e87436. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087436

Human and animal diet reconstruction studies that rely on tissue chemical signatures aim at providing estimates on the relative intake of potential food groups. However, several sources of uncertainty need to be considered when handling data. Bayesia... Read More about Food Reconstruction Using Isotopic Transferred Signals (FRUITS): A Bayesian Model for Diet Reconstruction.

Conventions for reporting radiocarbon determinations (2014)
Journal Article
Millard, A. (2014). Conventions for reporting radiocarbon determinations. Radiocarbon, 56(02), 555-559. https://doi.org/10.2458/56.17455

Current conventions for reporting radiocarbon determinations do not cover the reporting of calibrated dates. This article proposes revised conventions that have been endorsed by many 14C scientists. For every determination included in a scientific pa... Read More about Conventions for reporting radiocarbon determinations.

Approaches to the study of migration during the crusades (2013)
Journal Article
Mitchell, P., & Millard, A. (2013). Approaches to the study of migration during the crusades. Crusades, 12, https://doi.org/10.1080/28327861.2013.12220269

The crusades were arguably the largest migration events that involved medieval Europeans. A range of archaeological and textual methods have been used in the past in order to try to understand the process of migration and settlement in the Frankish s... Read More about Approaches to the study of migration during the crusades.

Discussion (2013)
Book Chapter
Zant, J., Gregory, R., Howard-Davis, C., Millard, A., & Druce, D. (2013). Discussion. In J. Zant, & C. Howard-Davis (Eds.), Scots Dyke to turnpike: the archaeology of the A66, Greta Bridge to Scotch Corner (111-149). Oxford Archaeology North

The radiocarbon dates (2013)
Book Chapter
Millard, A. (2013). The radiocarbon dates. In D. Parsons, & D. Sutherland (Eds.), The Anglo-Saxon Church of All Saints, Brixworth, Northamptonshire: survey, excavation and analysis, 1972-2010. Oxbow Books

Appendix 7: Integrated dating analysis (2013)
Book Chapter
Millard, A. (2013). Appendix 7: Integrated dating analysis. In J. Zant, & C. Howard-Davis (Eds.), Scots Dyke to turnpike: the archaeology of the A66, Greta Bridge to Scotch Corner (203-207). Oxford Archaeology North

Anglo-Saxon origins investigated by isotopic analysis of burials from Berinsfield, Oxfordshire, UK (2013)
Journal Article
Hughes, S., Millard, A., Lucy, S., Chenery, C., Evans, J., Nowell, G., & Pearson, D. (2014). Anglo-Saxon origins investigated by isotopic analysis of burials from Berinsfield, Oxfordshire, UK. Journal of Archaeological Science, 42, 81-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.10.025

The early fifth century transition from Roman Britain to Anglo-Saxon England is a poorly understood period in British history. Historical narratives describe a brutal conquest by Anglo-Saxon invaders with nearly complete replacement of the indigenous... Read More about Anglo-Saxon origins investigated by isotopic analysis of burials from Berinsfield, Oxfordshire, UK.

The Bumpy Road to Incorporating Uncertainty in Predictive Modelling (2012)
Book Chapter
Verhgaen, P., van Leusen, M., Ducke, B., Millard, A., & Kamermans, H. (2012). The Bumpy Road to Incorporating Uncertainty in Predictive Modelling. In E. Jerem, F. Redö, & V. Szeverényi (Eds.), On the Road to Reconstructing the Past. Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, Proceedings of the 36th International Conference, Budapest, April 2-6, 2008 (301-308). Archaeolingua

Isotopic tracing of the impact of mobility on infectious disease: The origin of people with treponematosis buried in hull, England, in the late medieval period. (2012)
Journal Article
Roberts, C., Millard, A., Nowell, G., Gröcke, D., Macpherson, C., Pearson, G., & Evans, D. (2013). Isotopic tracing of the impact of mobility on infectious disease: The origin of people with treponematosis buried in hull, England, in the late medieval period. American journal of physical anthropology, 150(2), 273-285. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22203

Treponematosis has been one of the most studied and debated infectious diseases in paleopathology, particularly from the standpoint of its origin, evolution, and transmission. This study links evidence for treponematosis in skeletons from the 14th–16... Read More about Isotopic tracing of the impact of mobility on infectious disease: The origin of people with treponematosis buried in hull, England, in the late medieval period..

Stephen Weiner. Microarchaeology: beyond the visible archaeological record. xviii+396 pages, 95 illustrations, 4 colour plates, 13 tables. 2010. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 978-0-521-8803-9 hardback £55 & $95; 978-0-521-70584-4 paperback £24.99 & $36.99 (2011)
Journal Article
Millard, A. (2011). Stephen Weiner. Microarchaeology: beyond the visible archaeological record. xviii+396 pages, 95 illustrations, 4 colour plates, 13 tables. 2010. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 978-0-521-8803-9 hardback £55 & $95; 978-0-521-70584-4 paperback £24.99 & $36.99. Antiquity, 85(328), 687-688. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00068228

Isotopic investigation of diet and residential mobility in the Neolithic of the Lower Rhine Basin (2010)
Journal Article
Smits, E., Millard, A., Nowell, G., & Pearson, D. (2010). Isotopic investigation of diet and residential mobility in the Neolithic of the Lower Rhine Basin. European Journal of Archaeology, 13(1), 5-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461957109355040

Multiple isotopic systems (C, N, O, S, Sr, Pb) are applied to investigate diet and mobility amongst the Middle Neolithic populations at Schipluiden and Swifterbant (Netherlands). A review of carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of European Mesolithic... Read More about Isotopic investigation of diet and residential mobility in the Neolithic of the Lower Rhine Basin.

Migration to the medieval Middle East with the crusades (2009)
Journal Article
Mitchell, P., & Millard, A. (2009). Migration to the medieval Middle East with the crusades. American journal of physical anthropology, 140(3), 518-525. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21100

During the 12th and 13th centuries thousands of people moved from Europe to the Middle East to fight, undertake pilgrimage, or settle and make a new life. The aim of this research is to investigate two populations from the Crusader kingdom of Jerusal... Read More about Migration to the medieval Middle East with the crusades.

'True British sailors': A comment on the origin of the men of the Mary Rose (2009)
Journal Article
Millard, A., & Schroeder, H. (2009). 'True British sailors': A comment on the origin of the men of the Mary Rose. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37(4), 680-682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.06.031

Bell, Lee-Thorp and Elkerton (2009) have recently published an isotopic investigation of the origins of 18 men whose remains were found in the wreck of the Mary Rose, Henry VIII’s warship, which sank in 1545. They conclude that a high proportion of t... Read More about 'True British sailors': A comment on the origin of the men of the Mary Rose.

Dealing with uncertainty in archaeological prediction (2009)
Book Chapter
van Leusen, M., Millard, A., & Ducke, B. (2009). Dealing with uncertainty in archaeological prediction. In H. Kamermans, M. van Leusen, & P. Verhagen (Eds.), Archaeological predictions and risk management : alternatives to current practice (123-160). Leiden University Press

The Netherlands is one of the few countries in Europe where predictive models, used to predict archaeological site location in order to guide future developments in the modern landscape, play an important role in cultural heritage management. While m... Read More about Dealing with uncertainty in archaeological prediction.

Comment on article by Blackwell and Buck (2008)
Journal Article
Millard, A. (2008). Comment on article by Blackwell and Buck. Bayesian Analysis, 3(2), 255-262. https://doi.org/10.1214/08-ba309b

Radiocarbon dating has come a long way since Willard Libby first conceived of the method (Libby et al. 1949; Arnold and Libby 1949) that was to earn him a Nobel Prize. Today we might consider Libby to be lucky that he could not detect the deviation f... Read More about Comment on article by Blackwell and Buck.

A critique of the chronometric evidence for hominid fossils: I. Africa and the Near East 500-50ka (2008)
Journal Article
Millard, A. (2008). A critique of the chronometric evidence for hominid fossils: I. Africa and the Near East 500-50ka. Journal of Human Evolution, 54(6), 848-874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.11.002

The chronometric dating evidence for all hominid fossils from Africa and the Near East that have previously been dated to 500–50 ka is critically assessed using the concept of chronometric hygiene, and these dates are revised using Bayesian statistic... Read More about A critique of the chronometric evidence for hominid fossils: I. Africa and the Near East 500-50ka.

Charcoal Production During the Norse and Early Medieval Periods in Eyjafjallahreppur, Southern Iceland (2007)
Journal Article
Church, M., Dugmore, A., Mairs, K., Millard, A., Cook, G., Sveinbjarnardóttir, G., …Roucoux, K. (2007). Charcoal Production During the Norse and Early Medieval Periods in Eyjafjallahreppur, Southern Iceland. Radiocarbon, 49(2), 659-672

Timber procurement and the use of woodlands are key issues in understanding the open landscapes of the Norse and Medieval periods in the North Atlantic islands. This paper outlines evidence for the timing and mechanisms of woodland use and deforestat... Read More about Charcoal Production During the Norse and Early Medieval Periods in Eyjafjallahreppur, Southern Iceland.

A stratigraphically controlled multi-proxy chronostratigraphy for the Eastern Mediterranean (2007)
Journal Article
Casford, J., Abu-Zied, R., Rohling, E., Cooke, S., Fontanier, C., Leng, M., …Thomson, J. (2007). A stratigraphically controlled multi-proxy chronostratigraphy for the Eastern Mediterranean. Paleoceanography, 22(4), Article PA4215. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007pa001422

An Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) 14C dated multiparameter event stratigraphy is developed for the Aegean Sea on the basis of highly resolved (centimeter to subcentimeter) multiproxy data collected from four late glacial to Holocene sediment cor... Read More about A stratigraphically controlled multi-proxy chronostratigraphy for the Eastern Mediterranean.

Review of the BABAO Conference 2006. (2007)
Journal Article
Millard, A. (2007). Review of the BABAO Conference 2006. Annual review - British Association of Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology, 8, 36-38

Migration in the Crusades to the Medieval Middle East (2007)
Journal Article
Mitchell, P., & Millard, A. (2007). Migration in the Crusades to the Medieval Middle East. Review (British Academy. Online), 10, 24-25

THE CRUSADES to the Middle East were a momentous time in the history of the medieval world. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries hundreds of thousands of Europeans travelled to the eastern Mediterranean either in military expeditions,as pilgrims,... Read More about Migration in the Crusades to the Medieval Middle East.

A Bayesian approach to ageing sheep/goats from toothwear (2006)
Book Chapter
Millard, A. (2006). A Bayesian approach to ageing sheep/goats from toothwear. In D. Ruscillo-Cosmopoulos (Ed.), Recent advances in ageing and sexing animal bones (145-154). Oxbow Books

For the last 20 years the human osteology literature has contained discussions of statistical problems with traditional skeletal ageing methods, which lead to “age mimicry”, where the estimated age structure partly resembles that of the reference pop... Read More about A Bayesian approach to ageing sheep/goats from toothwear.

Bayesian analysis of Pleistocene Chronometric Methods (2006)
Journal Article
Millard, A. (2006). Bayesian analysis of Pleistocene Chronometric Methods. Archaeometry, 48(2), 359-375. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2006.00261.x

Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates on Holocene archaeological sites has become well established. Application to Pleistocene sites dated by multiple techniques would be advantageous. This paper develops the necessary mathematical apparatus in the... Read More about Bayesian analysis of Pleistocene Chronometric Methods.

Bayesian analysis of ESR dates, with application to Border Cave (2006)
Journal Article
Millard, A. (2006). Bayesian analysis of ESR dates, with application to Border Cave. Quaternary Geochronology, 1(2), 159-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2006.03.002

Methods for Bayesian statistical analysis of stratigraphically related radiocarbon dates have been in use for over a decade. This paper extends these techniques to stratigraphically related ESR dates, allowing estimation of the dates of events not di... Read More about Bayesian analysis of ESR dates, with application to Border Cave.

Comment on Martinez-Garcia et al. 'Heavy metals in human bones in different historical epochs' (2006)
Journal Article
Millard, A. (2006). Comment on Martinez-Garcia et al. 'Heavy metals in human bones in different historical epochs'. Science of the Total Environment, 354(2-3), 295-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.11.010

Martínez-García et al. (Sci. Tot Env. 348:51–72) have examined heavy metal exposure of humans in the Cartagena region using analysis of archaeological bones. An analysis of the lead and iron levels they report shows that they are physiologically impl... Read More about Comment on Martinez-Garcia et al. 'Heavy metals in human bones in different historical epochs'.

What can Bayesian statistics do for archaeological predictive modelling? (2005)
Book Chapter
Millard, A. (2005). What can Bayesian statistics do for archaeological predictive modelling?. In P. van Leusen, & H. Kamermans (Eds.), Predictive modelling for archaeological heritage management : a research agenda (169-182). Rijkdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek

Bone Diagenesis: Implications for Heritage Management (2004)
Book Chapter
Collins, M., Nielsen-Marsh, C., Hiller, J., Smith, C., Roberts, J., Prigodich, R., …Turner-Walker, G. (2004). Bone Diagenesis: Implications for Heritage Management. In R. Lauwerie, & I. Plug (Eds.), The future from the past: archaeozoology in wildlife conservation and heritage management (124-132). Oxbow Books

Investigating population movement by stable isotope analysis: a report from Britain (2004)
Journal Article
Budd, P., Millard, A., Chenery, C., Lucy, S., & Roberts, C. (2004). Investigating population movement by stable isotope analysis: a report from Britain. Antiquity, 78(299), 127-141. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0009298x

Stable isotopes present in local ground water get into people's teeth before they are 12 years old, and act as a signature to the area where they grew up (and drank the water). In a review of recent work in Britain the authors show the huge potential... Read More about Investigating population movement by stable isotope analysis: a report from Britain.

Taking Bayes Beyond Radiocarbon: Bayesian Approaches to Some Other Chronometric Methods (2003)
Book Chapter
Millard, A. (2003). Taking Bayes Beyond Radiocarbon: Bayesian Approaches to Some Other Chronometric Methods. In C. Buck, & A. Millard (Eds.), Tools for Constructing Chronologies: Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries (231-248). Springer Verlag

Building on the models for, and practical applications of, Bayesian chronological analysis on the basis of radiocarbon and archaeomagnetism outlined by Buck (Chapter 1), Bayliss and Bronk Ramsey (Chapter 2) and Lanos (Chapter 3), this chapter looks f... Read More about Taking Bayes Beyond Radiocarbon: Bayesian Approaches to Some Other Chronometric Methods.

Preface: Towards joined up thinking in chronology building. (2003)
Book Chapter
Buck, C., & Millard, A. (2003). Preface: Towards joined up thinking in chronology building. In C. Buck, & A. Millard (Eds.), Tools for Constructing Chronologies: Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries (V-XIV). Springer Verlag

A Bayesian approach to the estimation of the age of humans from tooth development and wear (2002)
Journal Article
Millard, A., & Gowland, R. (2002). A Bayesian approach to the estimation of the age of humans from tooth development and wear. Archeologia e calcolatori (Testo stampato), 13, 197-210

Examination of dental development is considered to be an accurate method of ageing non-adults, but ageing adults from dental wear is much less accurate. Miles’ method is generally accepted to be the best way we have to derive estimates of tooth-wear... Read More about A Bayesian approach to the estimation of the age of humans from tooth development and wear.

The survival of organic matter in bone: A review (2002)
Journal Article
Collins, M., Nielsen-Marsh, C., Hiller, J., Smith, C., Roberts, J., Prigodich, R., …Turner-Walker, G. (2002). The survival of organic matter in bone: A review. Archaeometry, 44(3), 383-394. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4754.t01-1-00071

If bone is considered as a composite of collagen (protein) and bioapatite (mineral), then three pathways of diagenesis are identified: (1) chemical deterioration of the organic phase; (2) chemical deterioration of the mineral phase; and (3) (micro) b... Read More about The survival of organic matter in bone: A review.

The Taphonomy of Cooked Bone : Characterizing Boiling and its Physico-Chemical Effects (2002)
Journal Article
Roberts, S., Smith, C., Millard, A., & Collins, M. (2002). The Taphonomy of Cooked Bone : Characterizing Boiling and its Physico-Chemical Effects. Archaeometry, 44(3), 485-494. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4754.t01-1-00080

Cooking is perhaps the most common pre–burial taphonomic transformation that occurs to bone, yet it is still one of the least understood. Little progress has been made in determining a method of identifying cooked bone in the archaeological record, d... Read More about The Taphonomy of Cooked Bone : Characterizing Boiling and its Physico-Chemical Effects.

Bayesian approach to sapwood estimates and felling dates in dendrochronology (2002)
Journal Article
Millard, A. (2002). Bayesian approach to sapwood estimates and felling dates in dendrochronology. Archaeometry, 44(1), 137-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4754.00048

An improved method of generating sapwood estimates for oak is developed. This suggests a revision of the 95% confidence range from 10–40 to 9–36 rings for trees from southern England. Current methods for estimating felling dates on timbers with incom... Read More about Bayesian approach to sapwood estimates and felling dates in dendrochronology.

Settlement and landscape development in the Homs Region, Syria: research questions, preliminary results 1999-2000 and future potential (2002)
Journal Article
Philip, G., Jabour, F., Beck, A., Bshesh, M., Grove, J., Kirk, A., & Millard, A. (2002). Settlement and landscape development in the Homs Region, Syria: research questions, preliminary results 1999-2000 and future potential. Levant, 34, 1-23

This report describes the results of the first and second seasons of field work by an interdisciplinary research team studying the landscape history of the upper Orontes Valley near Homs in western Syria. Initial discussions address the value of surv... Read More about Settlement and landscape development in the Homs Region, Syria: research questions, preliminary results 1999-2000 and future potential.

Deterioration of bone (2001)
Book Chapter
Millard, A. (2001). Deterioration of bone. In D. Brothwell, & M. Pollard (Eds.), Handbook of Archaeological Sciences (633-643). Wiley

Bone is popularly regarded as a dry, inanimate, uncomplicated and robust material. In fact, it is a complex biological material which can undergo a variety of pre-depositional and post-depositional processes, causing physical and chemical changes whi... Read More about Deterioration of bone.

A model for the effect of weaning on nitrogen isotope ratios in humans. (2000)
Book Chapter
Millard, A. (2000). A model for the effect of weaning on nitrogen isotope ratios in humans. In G. Goodfriend, M. Collins, M. Fogel, S. Macko, & J. Wehmiller (Eds.), Perspectives in Amino Acid and Protein Geochemistry (51-59). Oxford University Press

Previous attempts to evaluate age-at-weaning from nitrogen isotope data are reviewed and shown to suffer from two faults: treating the process of weaning as an event, and estimating weaning age without accounting for the influence of growth on the bo... Read More about A model for the effect of weaning on nitrogen isotope ratios in humans..

Uranium-series dating of the Tabun Neanderthal: a cautionary note. (1999)
Journal Article
Millard, A., & Pike, A. (1999). Uranium-series dating of the Tabun Neanderthal: a cautionary note. Journal of Human Evolution, 36, 581-585. https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1999.0302

Recently in this journal Schwarcz et al. (J.Hum.Evol. 35, 635-645, 1998) presented the results of gamma-ray spectrometric U-series dating of the Tabun C1 Neanderthal, assigning a date of 34±5 ka using early uptake (EU) and linear uptake (LU) models.... Read More about Uranium-series dating of the Tabun Neanderthal: a cautionary note..

Comment on 'AMS radiocarbon dates from the Predynastic Egyptian Cemetery, N7000, at Naga-ed-Dêr' by S.H. Savage. (1999)
Journal Article
Millard, A., & Wilkinson, T. (1999). Comment on 'AMS radiocarbon dates from the Predynastic Egyptian Cemetery, N7000, at Naga-ed-Dêr' by S.H. Savage. Journal of Archaeological Science, 26, 339-341. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1999.0414

Savage (JAS 25 235-249) has recently published an analysis of a corpus of radiocarbon dates from Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egyptian contexts. He has assigned the calibrated dates to phases and sub- phases, and he proposes these as the components... Read More about Comment on 'AMS radiocarbon dates from the Predynastic Egyptian Cemetery, N7000, at Naga-ed-Dêr' by S.H. Savage..

The Durham Cathedral doors. (1999)
Journal Article
Caple, C., Baillie, M., Brown, D., Cambridge, E., Cramp, R., Clogg, P., …Millard, A. (1999). The Durham Cathedral doors. Durham archaeological journal, 14-15, 131-140

Now we're cooking: heat induced changes in bone and their diagenetic consequences. (1999)
Book Chapter
Roberts, S., Collins, M., Millard, A., & Payne, S. (1999). Now we're cooking: heat induced changes in bone and their diagenetic consequences. In R. Larsen (Ed.), Methods in the analysis of the deterioration of collagen based historical materials in relation to conservation and storage. Preprints. Advanced Study Course 1999 6-10 July School of Conservation, Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts

Bone in the burial environment. (1998)
Book Chapter
Millard, A. (1998). Bone in the burial environment. In M. Corfield, P. Hinton, & M. Pollard (Eds.), Preserving archaeological remains in situ. London (93-102). Museum of London Archaeological Services

The survival of bones, and the information about the past which they carry, is dependent upon the nature of the burial environment and its interaction with bones. This paper reviews our knowledge of the preservation of bone, on scales ranging from th... Read More about Bone in the burial environment..

A diffusion-adsorption model of uranium uptake by archaeological bone. (1996)
Journal Article
Millard, A., & Hedges, R. (1996). A diffusion-adsorption model of uranium uptake by archaeological bone. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, 2139-2152. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037%2896%2900050-6

An argument for the possibility of uranium uptake by buried bone taking place through the adsorption of uranyl species on bone mineral is advanced. In the light of this a diffusion-adsorption model for uranium uptake by buried bone is developed, the... Read More about A diffusion-adsorption model of uranium uptake by archaeological bone..

The role of the environment in uranium uptake by buried bone. (1995)
Journal Article
Millard, A., & Hedges, R. (1995). The role of the environment in uranium uptake by buried bone. Journal of Archaeological Science, 22, 239-250. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1995.0025

Previous studies by a number of workers have shown that uranium is inhomogeneously distributed in excavated bones. It has been suggested that the higher concentrations of uranium found towards the outside of some bones may indicate that the uranium h... Read More about The role of the environment in uranium uptake by buried bone..

Bones and groundwater: towards the modelling of diagenetic processes. (1995)
Journal Article
Hedges, R., & Millard, A. (1995). Bones and groundwater: towards the modelling of diagenetic processes. Journal of Archaeological Science, 22, 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1995.0017

This paper develops a theory for describing those diagenetic changes in bone which involve its interaction with groundwater. Three main processes are considered, as examples of such changes; namely the uptake of uranium, the dissolution of bone, and... Read More about Bones and groundwater: towards the modelling of diagenetic processes..

Measurements and relationships of diagenetically altered bone from three archaeological sites. (1995)
Journal Article
Hedges, R., Millard, A., & Pike, A. (1995). Measurements and relationships of diagenetically altered bone from three archaeological sites. Journal of Archaeological Science, 22, 201-209. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1995.0022

Four diagenetic parameters have been chosen to represent the state of diagenesis of bone buried on archaeological sites. They are: histological preservation, protein content, crystallinity, and porosity. How these parameters are measured is described... Read More about Measurements and relationships of diagenetically altered bone from three archaeological sites..

An Anglo-Saxon landmark rediscovered: the stanford/stanbricge of the Ducklington and Witney charters. (1992)
Journal Article
Blair, J., & Millard, A. (1992). An Anglo-Saxon landmark rediscovered: the stanford/stanbricge of the Ducklington and Witney charters. Oxoniensia, 57, 342-348

Notes the rediscovery of a paved causeway crossing a stream, the only previous evidence for its existence being AS writings. There is discussion of the documentary and archaeological evidence, providing insight into AS use of the terms `ford' and `br... Read More about An Anglo-Saxon landmark rediscovered: the stanford/stanbricge of the Ducklington and Witney charters..