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Isomeric modulation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence in dibenzo[ a, c ]phenazine-based (deep) red emitters † (2024)
Journal Article
Brebels, S., Cardeynaels, T., Jackers, L., Kuila, S., Penxten, H., Salthouse, R. J., …Maes, W. (2024). Isomeric modulation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence in dibenzo[ a, c ]phenazine-based (deep) red emitters †. Journal of Materials Chemistry C Materials for optical and electronic devices, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tc01214c

A series of four emissive regio-isomers are synthesized based on the dibenzo[a, c]phenazine-11,12-dicarbonitrile (DBPzCN) acceptor scaffold and a triphenylamine (TPA) donor. Density functional theory is utilized to compare the relative differences in... Read More about Isomeric modulation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence in dibenzo[ a, c ]phenazine-based (deep) red emitters †.

Oxidation State Tuning of Room Temperature Phosphorescence and Delayed Fluorescence in Phenothiazine and Phenothiazine‐5,5‐dioxide Dimers (2023)
Journal Article
Wright, I. A., Etherington, M. K., Batsanov, A. S., Monkman, A. P., & Bryce, M. R. (2023). Oxidation State Tuning of Room Temperature Phosphorescence and Delayed Fluorescence in Phenothiazine and Phenothiazine‐5,5‐dioxide Dimers. Chemistry - A European Journal, 29(30), Article e202300428. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202300428

Heterocyclic dimers consisting of combinations of butterfly-shaped phenothiazine (PTZ) and its chemically oxidized form phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide (PTZ(SO2)) have been synthesized. A twist is imposed across the dimers by ortho-substituents including m... Read More about Oxidation State Tuning of Room Temperature Phosphorescence and Delayed Fluorescence in Phenothiazine and Phenothiazine‐5,5‐dioxide Dimers.

Fine‐Tuning the Photophysics of Donor‐Acceptor (D‐A 3 ) Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Using Isomerisation (2022)
Journal Article

Here two D–A3 regioisomers, comprising three dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide acceptor units attached to a central triazatruxene core, are studied. Both molecules show thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), however, the efficiency of the TADF m... Read More about Fine‐Tuning the Photophysics of Donor‐Acceptor (D‐A 3 ) Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Using Isomerisation.

Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters: Is There Evidence Beyond Reasonable Doubt? (2022)
Journal Article

Intramolecular hydrogen bonding between donor and acceptor segments in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials is now frequently employed to─purportedly─rigidify the structure and improve the emission performance of these materials.... Read More about Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters: Is There Evidence Beyond Reasonable Doubt?.

Emission and Absorption Tuning in TADF B,N‐Doped Heptacenes: Toward Ideal‐Blue Hyperfluorescent OLEDs (2022)
Journal Article

Developing high-efficiency purely organic blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) that meet the stringent industry standards is a major current research challenge. Hyperfluorescent device approaches achieve in large measure the desired high perfor... Read More about Emission and Absorption Tuning in TADF B,N‐Doped Heptacenes: Toward Ideal‐Blue Hyperfluorescent OLEDs.

Extended Conjugation Attenuates the Quenching of Aggregation-Induced Emitters by Photocyclization Pathways (2022)
Journal Article

Herein, we expose how the antagonistic relationship between solid-state luminescence and photocyclization of oligoaryl alkenes chromophores is modulated by the conjugation length of their alkenyl backbones. Heptaaryl cycloheptatriene molecular rotors... Read More about Extended Conjugation Attenuates the Quenching of Aggregation-Induced Emitters by Photocyclization Pathways.

Dominant dimer emission provides colour stability for red thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter (2022)
Journal Article

Colour purity and stability in multi-donor thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters has significant implications for commercial organic light-emitting diode (OLED) design. The formation of emissive dimer states in the well-known 1,2,3... Read More about Dominant dimer emission provides colour stability for red thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter.

Conformational Dependence of Triplet Energies in Rotationally Hindered N‐ and S‐Heterocyclic Dimers: New Design and Measurement Rules for High Triplet Energy OLED Host Materials (2021)
Journal Article

A series of four heterocyclic dimers has been synthesized, with twisted geometries imposed across the central linking bond by ortho‐alkoxy chains. These include two isomeric bicarbazoles, a bis(dibenzothiophene‐S,S‐dioxide) and a bis(thioxanthene‐S,S... Read More about Conformational Dependence of Triplet Energies in Rotationally Hindered N‐ and S‐Heterocyclic Dimers: New Design and Measurement Rules for High Triplet Energy OLED Host Materials.

Suppressing Dimer Formation by Increasing Conformational Freedom in Multi-Carbazole Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters (2020)
Journal Article

Ideal emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are capable of efficiently harvesting non-emissive triplet states, have high colour stabilities, and possess high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Maintaining colour stability and PLQY... Read More about Suppressing Dimer Formation by Increasing Conformational Freedom in Multi-Carbazole Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters.

Revealing Resonance Effects and Intramolecular Dipole Interactions in the Positional Isomers of Benzonitrile-Core Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials (2019)
Journal Article

We report on the properties of the three positional isomers of (2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylacridin-10(9H)-yl)benzonitrile, which are found to have comparable donor steric environments and donor–acceptor dihedral angles. An unexpected intramolecula... Read More about Revealing Resonance Effects and Intramolecular Dipole Interactions in the Positional Isomers of Benzonitrile-Core Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials.

Delayed Blue Fluorescence via Upper-triplet State Crossing from C-C Bonded Donor-Acceptor Charge-Transfer Molecules with Azatriangulene cores (2019)
Journal Article

We report the synthesis and structural and photophysical characterization of two series of molecules with functionalized azatriangulene electron donor cores and three pendant electron acceptor units. The presented donor and acceptor units are joined... Read More about Delayed Blue Fluorescence via Upper-triplet State Crossing from C-C Bonded Donor-Acceptor Charge-Transfer Molecules with Azatriangulene cores.

Importance of Chromophore Rigidity on the Efficiency of Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters (2018)
Journal Article

Four new symmetrical donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D)-type molecules are reported with diphenylamine (DPA) or 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine (Az) as electron donors and 9,9-dimethylthioxanthene-S,S-dioxide (TXO2) as the electron acceptor. The donors... Read More about Importance of Chromophore Rigidity on the Efficiency of Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters.

Triazatruxene: A rigid central donor unit for a D-A3 thermally activated delayed fluorescence material exhibiting sub-microsecond reverse intersystem crossing and unity quantum yield via multiple singlet-triplet state pairs (2018)
Journal Article

By inverting the common structural motif of thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials to a rigid donor core and multiple peripheral acceptors, reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) rates are demonstrated in an organic material that enables uti... Read More about Triazatruxene: A rigid central donor unit for a D-A3 thermally activated delayed fluorescence material exhibiting sub-microsecond reverse intersystem crossing and unity quantum yield via multiple singlet-triplet state pairs.

Pyridylpyrazole N^N Ligands Combined with Sulfonyl-Functionalised Cyclometalating Ligands for Blue-Emitting Iridium(III) Complexes and Solution-Processable PhOLEDs (2017)
Journal Article

A series of blue iridium(III) complexes (12–15) comprising sulfonyl-functionalised phenylpyridyl cyclometalating ligands and pyridylpyrazole N^N ligands are reported, with an X-ray crystal structure obtained for 12. The complexes are highly emissive... Read More about Pyridylpyrazole N^N Ligands Combined with Sulfonyl-Functionalised Cyclometalating Ligands for Blue-Emitting Iridium(III) Complexes and Solution-Processable PhOLEDs.

Photophysics of an Asymmetric Donor–Acceptor–Donor′ TADF Molecule and Reinterpretation of Aggregation-Induced TADF Emission in These Materials (2017)
Journal Article

We report an in-depth photophysical investigation of an asymmetric donor–acceptor–donor′ (D–A–D′) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecule (4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)(4-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)phenyl)sulfone and compare its photophys... Read More about Photophysics of an Asymmetric Donor–Acceptor–Donor′ TADF Molecule and Reinterpretation of Aggregation-Induced TADF Emission in These Materials.

Optical and Polarity Control of Donor–Acceptor Conformation and Their Charge-Transfer States in Thermally Activated Delayed-Fluorescence Molecules (2017)
Journal Article

This study reports two novel D–A–D molecules, 2,7-bis(phenothiazin-10-yl)-9,9-dimethylthioxanthene-S,S-dioxide (DPT-TXO2) and 2,7-bis(1-methylphenothiazin-10-yl)-9,9-dimethylthioxanthene-S,S-dioxide (DMePT-TXO2), where the latter differs by only a me... Read More about Optical and Polarity Control of Donor–Acceptor Conformation and Their Charge-Transfer States in Thermally Activated Delayed-Fluorescence Molecules.

Sulfonyl-Substituted Heteroleptic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes as Blue Emitters for Solution-Processable Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2016)
Journal Article
Benjamin, H., Zheng, Y., Batsanov, A., Fox, M., Al-Attar, H., Monkman, A., & Bryce, M. (2016). Sulfonyl-Substituted Heteroleptic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes as Blue Emitters for Solution-Processable Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Inorganic Chemistry, 55(17), 8612-8627. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01179

The synthesis is reported of a series of blue-emitting heteroleptic iridium complexes with phenylpyridine (ppy) ligands substituted with sulfonyl, fluorine, and/or methoxy substituents on the phenyl ring and a picolinate (pic) ancillary ligand. Some... Read More about Sulfonyl-Substituted Heteroleptic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes as Blue Emitters for Solution-Processable Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

Using Guest–Host Interactions To Optimize the Efficiency of TADF OLEDs (2016)
Journal Article
dos Santos, P. L., Ward, J. S., Bryce, M. R., & Monkman, A. P. (2016). Using Guest–Host Interactions To Optimize the Efficiency of TADF OLEDs. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2016(7), 3341-3346. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01542

We show that the emitter and host combination must be optimized to minimize the reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) barrier and maximize thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The blue TADF emitter, 2,7-bis(9,9-dimethyl-acridin-10-yl)-9,9-d... Read More about Using Guest–Host Interactions To Optimize the Efficiency of TADF OLEDs.

Pendant Homopolymer and Copolymers as Solution-Processable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2016)
Journal Article
Ren, Z., Nobuyasu, R. S., Dias, F. B., Monkman, A. P., Yan, S., & Bryce, M. R. (2016). Pendant Homopolymer and Copolymers as Solution-Processable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Macromolecules, 49(15), 5452-5460. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01216

Materials that display thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have recently been identified as the third generation emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, there are only a few reported examples of polymeric TADF materia... Read More about Pendant Homopolymer and Copolymers as Solution-Processable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

The Role of Local Triplet Excited States and D-A Relative Orientation in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence: Photophysics and Devices (2016)
Journal Article
Dias, F., Santos, J., Graves, D., Data, P., Nobuyasu, R., Fox, M., …Monkman, A. (2016). The Role of Local Triplet Excited States and D-A Relative Orientation in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence: Photophysics and Devices. Advanced Science, 3(12), Article 1600080. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201600080

Here, a comprehensive photophysical investigation of a the emitter molecule DPTZ-DBTO2, showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), with near-orthogonal electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) units is reported. It is shown that DPTZ-DBTO2 h... Read More about The Role of Local Triplet Excited States and D-A Relative Orientation in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence: Photophysics and Devices.

Rational Design of TADF Polymers Using a Donor–Acceptor Monomer with Enhanced TADF Efficiency Induced by the Energy Alignment of Charge Transfer and Local Triplet Excited States (2016)
Journal Article
Nobuyasu, R. S., Ren, Z., Griffiths, G. C., Batsanov, A. S., Data, P., Yan, S., …Dias, F. B. (2016). Rational Design of TADF Polymers Using a Donor–Acceptor Monomer with Enhanced TADF Efficiency Induced by the Energy Alignment of Charge Transfer and Local Triplet Excited States. Advanced Optical Materials, 4(4), 597-607. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201500689

The photophysics of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in phenothiazine-dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide (PTZ-DBTO2) molecule is investigated in detail. First, it is shown that the proximity of local triplet excited states (3LE), e.g., 3D or... Read More about Rational Design of TADF Polymers Using a Donor–Acceptor Monomer with Enhanced TADF Efficiency Induced by the Energy Alignment of Charge Transfer and Local Triplet Excited States.

The interplay of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature organic phosphorescence in sterically-constrained donor–acceptor charge-transfer molecules (2016)
Journal Article
Ward, J. S., Nobuyasu, R. S., Batsanov, A. S., Data, P., Monkman, A. P., Dias, F. B., & Bryce, M. R. (2016). The interplay of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature organic phosphorescence in sterically-constrained donor–acceptor charge-transfer molecules. Chemical Communications, 52(12), 2612-2615. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cc09645f

A series of phenothiazine–dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide charge-transfer molecules have been synthesized. Increasing steric restriction around the donor–acceptor bond significantly alters contributions from TADF and phosphorescence. Bulky substituents... Read More about The interplay of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature organic phosphorescence in sterically-constrained donor–acceptor charge-transfer molecules.

Bimetallic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Diastereomers with Non-Innocent Bridging Ligands for High-Efficiency Phosphorescent OLEDs (2014)
Journal Article
Zheng, Y., Batsanov, A., Fox, M., Al-Attar, H., Abdullah, K., Jankus, V., …Monkman, A. (2014). Bimetallic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Diastereomers with Non-Innocent Bridging Ligands for High-Efficiency Phosphorescent OLEDs. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 53(43), 11616-11619. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201407475

Two phosphorescent dinuclear iridium(III) diastereomers (ΛΔ/ΔΛ) and (ΛΛ/ΔΔ) are readily separated by making use of their different solubilities in hot hexane. The bridging diarylhydrazide ligand plays an important role in the electrochemistry and pho... Read More about Bimetallic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Diastereomers with Non-Innocent Bridging Ligands for High-Efficiency Phosphorescent OLEDs.

Highly Efficient TADF OLEDs: How the Emitter–Host Interaction Controls Both the Excited State Species and Electrical Properties of the Devices to Achieve Near 100% Triplet Harvesting and High Efficiency (2014)
Journal Article
Jankus, V., Data, P., Graves, D., McGuinness, C., Santos, J., Bryce, M., …Monkman, A. (2014). Highly Efficient TADF OLEDs: How the Emitter–Host Interaction Controls Both the Excited State Species and Electrical Properties of the Devices to Achieve Near 100% Triplet Harvesting and High Efficiency. Advanced Functional Materials, 24(39), 6178-6186. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201400948

New emitters that can harvest both singlet and triplet excited states to give 100% internal conversion of charge into light, are required to replace Ir based phosphors in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Molecules that have a charge transfer (C... Read More about Highly Efficient TADF OLEDs: How the Emitter–Host Interaction Controls Both the Excited State Species and Electrical Properties of the Devices to Achieve Near 100% Triplet Harvesting and High Efficiency.

Efficient deep blue fluorescent polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) (2014)
Journal Article
Cook, J. H., Santos, J., Li, H., Al-Attar, H. A., Bryce, M. R., & Monkman, A. P. (2014). Efficient deep blue fluorescent polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). Journal of Materials Chemistry C Materials for optical and electronic devices, 2(28), 5587-5592. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4tc00896k

A new series of deep blue/blue emitting co-polymers are reported. Poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene-3,6-diyl and 2,7-diyl-co-2,8-dihexyldibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide-3,7-diyl) derivatives p(F-S) of varying composition have been synthesised. The effects of two... Read More about Efficient deep blue fluorescent polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs).

Efficient light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) based on ionic iridium(III) complexes with 1,3,4-oxadiazole ligands. (2013)
Journal Article
Zhang, J., Zhou, L., Al-Attar, H., Shao, K., Wang, L., Zhu., D., …Monkman, A. (2013). Efficient light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) based on ionic iridium(III) complexes with 1,3,4-oxadiazole ligands. Advanced Functional Materials, 23(37), 4667-4677. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201300344

Eight new iridium(III) complexes 1-8, with 1,3,4-oxadiazole (OXD) derivatives as the cyclometalated C^N ligand and/or the ancillary N^N ligands are synthesized and their electrochemical, photophysical, and solid-state light-emitting electrochemical c... Read More about Efficient light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) based on ionic iridium(III) complexes with 1,3,4-oxadiazole ligands..

Triplet Harvesting with 100% Efficiency by Way of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Charge Transfer OLED Emitters. (2013)
Journal Article
Dias, F., Bourdakos, K., Jankus, V., Moss, K., Kamtekar, K., Bhalla, V., …Monkman, A. (2013). Triplet Harvesting with 100% Efficiency by Way of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Charge Transfer OLED Emitters. Advanced Materials, 25(27), 3707-3714. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201300753

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have their performance limited by the number of emissive singlet states created upon charge recombination (25%). Recently, a novel strategy has been proposed, based on thermally activated up-conversion of triplet... Read More about Triplet Harvesting with 100% Efficiency by Way of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Charge Transfer OLED Emitters..

Dinuclear iridium(III) complexes of cyclometalated fluorenylpyridine ligands as phosphorescent dopants for efficient solution-processed OLEDs (2012)
Journal Article
M'hamedi, A., Batsanov, A. S., Fox, M. A., Bryce, M. R., Abdullah, K., Al-Attar, H. A., & Monkman, A. P. (2012). Dinuclear iridium(III) complexes of cyclometalated fluorenylpyridine ligands as phosphorescent dopants for efficient solution-processed OLEDs. Journal of materials chemistry, 22(27), 13529-13540. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2jm31143g

Bipolar Molecules with High Triplet Energies: Synthesis, Photophysical, and Structural Properties. (2011)
Journal Article
Zheng, Y., Batsanov, A., Jankus, V., Dias, F., Bryce, M., & Monkman, A. (2011). Bipolar Molecules with High Triplet Energies: Synthesis, Photophysical, and Structural Properties. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 76(20), 8300-8310. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo201488v

This article sheds new light on the interplay of electronic and conformational effects in luminescent bipolar molecules. A series of carbazole/1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrid molecules is described in which the optoelectronic properties are systematically va... Read More about Bipolar Molecules with High Triplet Energies: Synthesis, Photophysical, and Structural Properties..

Highly Efficient, Solution-Processed, Single-Layer, Electrophosphorescent Diodes and the Effect of Molecular Dipole Moment (2011)
Journal Article
Al-Attar, H., Griffiths, G., Moore, T., Tavasli, M., Fox, M., Bryce, M., & Monkman, A. (2011). Highly Efficient, Solution-Processed, Single-Layer, Electrophosphorescent Diodes and the Effect of Molecular Dipole Moment. Advanced Functional Materials, 21(12), 2376-2382. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201100324

A new family of highly soluble electrophosphorescent dopants based on a series of tris-cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes (1-4) of 2-(carbazol-3-yl)-4/5-R-pyridine ligands with varying molecular dipole strengths have been synthesized. Highly effic... Read More about Highly Efficient, Solution-Processed, Single-Layer, Electrophosphorescent Diodes and the Effect of Molecular Dipole Moment.

Synthesis, Excited State Dynamics, and Optical Characteristics of Oligophenyl-Based Swivel Cruciforms in Solution and Solid State. (2010)
Journal Article
Palsson, L., Nehls, B., Galbrecht, F., Coombs, B., Dias, F., Farrell, T., …Monkman, A. (2010). Synthesis, Excited State Dynamics, and Optical Characteristics of Oligophenyl-Based Swivel Cruciforms in Solution and Solid State. Journal of Physical Chemistry B (Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysical Chemistry), 114(40), 12765-12776. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1028883

Luminescent Platinum(II) Complexes Containing Cyclometallated Diaryl Ketimine Ligands: Synthesis, Photophysical and Computational Properties (2010)
Journal Article
Pandya, S., Moss, K., Bryce, M., Batsanov, A., Fox, M., Jankus, V., …Monkman, A. (2010). Luminescent Platinum(II) Complexes Containing Cyclometallated Diaryl Ketimine Ligands: Synthesis, Photophysical and Computational Properties. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2010(13), 1963-1972. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200901159

A new series of platinum(II) complexes containing cyclometallated diaryl ketimine ligands has been synthesised. The route involves reaction of diaryl ketimines with K[PtCl3(dmso)] to obtain trans-[PtCl2(imine)(dmso)] species, which underwent cyclomet... Read More about Luminescent Platinum(II) Complexes Containing Cyclometallated Diaryl Ketimine Ligands: Synthesis, Photophysical and Computational Properties.

Tuning the Intramolecular Charge Transfer Emission from Deep Blue to Green in Ambipolar Systems Based On Dibenzothiophene S S-Dioxide by Manipulation of Conjugation and Strength of the Electron Donor Units (2010)
Journal Article
Moss, K., Bourdakos, K., Bhalla, V., Kamtekar, K., Bryce, M., Fox, M., …Monkman, A. (2010). Tuning the Intramolecular Charge Transfer Emission from Deep Blue to Green in Ambipolar Systems Based On Dibenzothiophene S S-Dioxide by Manipulation of Conjugation and Strength of the Electron Donor Units. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 75(20), 6771-6781. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo100898a

The efficient synthesis and photophysical properties of a series of ambipolar donor−acceptor−donor systems is described where the acceptor is dibenzothiophene S,S-dioxide and the donor is fluorene, carbazole, or arylamine. The systems exhibit intramo... Read More about Tuning the Intramolecular Charge Transfer Emission from Deep Blue to Green in Ambipolar Systems Based On Dibenzothiophene S S-Dioxide by Manipulation of Conjugation and Strength of the Electron Donor Units.

Efficient Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Oligoyne-Linked Donor–π–Acceptor Molecules (2009)
Journal Article
Pålsson, L., Wang, C., Batsanov, A., King, S., Beeby, A., Monkman, A., & Bryce, M. (2009). Efficient Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Oligoyne-Linked Donor–π–Acceptor Molecules. Chemistry - A European Journal, 16(5), 1470-1479. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200902099

Studies are reported on a series of triphenylamine–(C[TRIPLE BOND]C)n–2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole dyad molecules (n=1–4, 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively) and the related triphenylamine-C6H4–(C[TRIPLE BOND]C)3–oxadiazole dyad 5. The oligoyne-linked D–π–... Read More about Efficient Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Oligoyne-Linked Donor–π–Acceptor Molecules.

Intramolecular charge transfer assisted by conformational changes in the excited state of fluorene-dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide co-oligomers (2006)
Journal Article
Dias, F., Pollock, S., Hedley, G., Palsson, L., Monkman, A., Perepichka, I., …Bryce, M. (2006). Intramolecular charge transfer assisted by conformational changes in the excited state of fluorene-dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide co-oligomers. Journal of Physical Chemistry B (Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysical Chemistry), 110(39), 19329-19339. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0643653

The strong solvatochromism observed for two fluorene-dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide oligomers in polar solvents has been investigated using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques. A low-energy absorption band, attributed to a charge-tra... Read More about Intramolecular charge transfer assisted by conformational changes in the excited state of fluorene-dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide co-oligomers.

Polarized optical spectroscopy applied to investigate two poly(phenylene-vinylene) polymers with different side chain structures (2006)
Journal Article
Palsson, L., Vaughan, H., & Monkman, A. (2006). Polarized optical spectroscopy applied to investigate two poly(phenylene-vinylene) polymers with different side chain structures. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 125, 164701-164707. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2354473

Two related poly(phenylene-vinylene) (PPV) light-emitting polymers have been investigated by means of polarized optical spectroscopy. The purpose of the investigation was to investigate the nature of the interactions in thin films and to examine what... Read More about Polarized optical spectroscopy applied to investigate two poly(phenylene-vinylene) polymers with different side chain structures.

The use of substituted iridium complexes in doped polymer electrophosphorescent devices : The influence of triplet transfer and other factors on enhancing device performance. (2006)
Journal Article
King, S., Al-Attar, H., Evans, R., Congreve, A., Beeby, A., & Monkman, A. (2006). The use of substituted iridium complexes in doped polymer electrophosphorescent devices : The influence of triplet transfer and other factors on enhancing device performance. Advanced Functional Materials, 16(8), 1043-1050. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200500881

The problem of phosphorescence quenching by the host polymer of a dopant in a polyfluorene-based electrophosphorescent device has been extensively studied. This paper concentrates on reduction of the rate of triplet-energy transfer from the dopant to... Read More about The use of substituted iridium complexes in doped polymer electrophosphorescent devices : The influence of triplet transfer and other factors on enhancing device performance..

Absolute measurements of photoluminescence quantum yields of solutions using an integrating sphere (2006)
Journal Article
Porrès, L., Holland, A., -O. Pålsson, L., Monkman, A., Kemp, C., & Beeby, A. (2006). Absolute measurements of photoluminescence quantum yields of solutions using an integrating sphere. Journal of Fluorescence, 16(2), 267-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-005-0054-8

We demonstrate that absolute measurements of the photoluminescence quantum yield of solutions can be made using an integrating sphere and a conventional fluorimeter. With this method the need for measurements against a luminescence standard is overco... Read More about Absolute measurements of photoluminescence quantum yields of solutions using an integrating sphere.

Bridged diiridium complexes for electrophosphorescent OLEDs : synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, photophysics, and devices. (2006)
Journal Article
Bettington, S., Tavasli, M., Bryce, M., Batsanov, A., Thompson, A., Al Attar, H., …Monkman, A. (2006). Bridged diiridium complexes for electrophosphorescent OLEDs : synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, photophysics, and devices. Journal of materials chemistry, 16(11), 1046-1052. https://doi.org/10.1039/b515258e

Results are presented which challenge the accepted view that dinuclear transition metal–ligand complexes are unsuitable for organic light-emitting device (OLED) applications due to their low luminescence quantum efficiencies. We establish for the fir... Read More about Bridged diiridium complexes for electrophosphorescent OLEDs : synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, photophysics, and devices..

Practical syntheses of N-hexylcarbazol-2-yl- and -3-yl-boronic acids, their cross-coupled products and a derived tris-cyclometalated (pyridin-2-yl)carbazole iridium(III) complex (2005)
Journal Article
Tavasli, M., Bettington, S., Bryce, M., Batsanov, A., & Monkman, A. (2005). Practical syntheses of N-hexylcarbazol-2-yl- and -3-yl-boronic acids, their cross-coupled products and a derived tris-cyclometalated (pyridin-2-yl)carbazole iridium(III) complex. Synthesis: Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 1619-1624

The syntheses of N-hcxylcarbazol-2-yl- and -3-yl-boronic acids (1 and 2) are described on a ca. 7 g scale, starting from commercially available 2,5-dibromonitrobenzene (4) and carbazole (11), respectively. Compounds I and 2 underwent efficient pallad... Read More about Practical syntheses of N-hexylcarbazol-2-yl- and -3-yl-boronic acids, their cross-coupled products and a derived tris-cyclometalated (pyridin-2-yl)carbazole iridium(III) complex.

White polymeric light-emitting diode based on a fluorene polymer/Ir complex blend system (2005)
Journal Article
Al Attar, H., Monkman, A., Tavasli, M., Bettington, S., & Bryce, M. (2005). White polymeric light-emitting diode based on a fluorene polymer/Ir complex blend system. Applied Physics Letters, 86(12),

Efficient white-polymeric light-emitting diodes (PLED) were fabricated as a single active layer containing blue-emitting poly(9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl) endcapped with bis(4-methylphenyl)phenylamine; (PF2/6am4), and yellow-orange-emittin... Read More about White polymeric light-emitting diode based on a fluorene polymer/Ir complex blend system.

Influence Of Molecular Weight On Self-organization, Uniaxial Alignment, And Surface Morphology Of Hairy-rodlike Polyfluorene In Thin Films (2004)
Journal Article
Knaapila, M., Kisko, K., Lyons, B., Stepanyan, R., Foreman, J., Seeck, O., …Monkman, A. (2004). Influence Of Molecular Weight On Self-organization, Uniaxial Alignment, And Surface Morphology Of Hairy-rodlike Polyfluorene In Thin Films. Journal of Physical Chemistry B (Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysical Chemistry), 108(30), 10711-10720. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp049067p

New pyrimidine- and fluorene-containing oligo(arylene)s : synthesis, crystal structures, optoelectronic properties and a theoretical study. (2003)
Journal Article
Hughes, G., Wang, C., Batsanov, A., Fern, M., Frank, S., Bryce, M., …Lyons, B. (2003). New pyrimidine- and fluorene-containing oligo(arylene)s : synthesis, crystal structures, optoelectronic properties and a theoretical study. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 2003(17), 3069-3077. https://doi.org/10.1039/b305870k

New pyrimidine containing oligo(arylene)s, notably the pyrimidine-fluorene hybrid systems 13-16, have been synthesised by Suzuki cross-coupling methodology. An efficient synthesis of the key reagent 9,9-dihexylfluorene-2,7-diboronic acid 10 from 2,7-... Read More about New pyrimidine- and fluorene-containing oligo(arylene)s : synthesis, crystal structures, optoelectronic properties and a theoretical study..

Diffraction analysis of highly ordered smectic supramolecules of conjugated rodlike polymers. (2003)
Journal Article
Knaapila, M., Torkkeli, M., Jokela, K., Kisko, K., Horsburgh, L., Palsson, L., …Serimaa, R. (2003). Diffraction analysis of highly ordered smectic supramolecules of conjugated rodlike polymers. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 36(3), 702-707. https://doi.org/10.1107/s0021889803003881

A small/wide-angle X-ray scattering and grazing incidence diffraction study of comb-shaped supramolecules of conjugated poly(2,5-pyridinediyl), acid dopant and hydrogen bonded amphiphilic side chains is reported. In solution, polymers are dissolved r... Read More about Diffraction analysis of highly ordered smectic supramolecules of conjugated rodlike polymers..

Polarized luminescence from self-assembled, aligned, and cleaved supramolecules of highly ordered rodlike polymers (2002)
Journal Article
Knaapila, M., Ikkala, O., Torkkeli, M., Jokela, K., Serimaa, R., Dolbnya, I., …Monkman, A. (2002). Polarized luminescence from self-assembled, aligned, and cleaved supramolecules of highly ordered rodlike polymers. Applied Physics Letters, 81(8), 1489-1491. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1499222

A hierarchical self-assembly in comb-shaped supramolecules of conjugated rodlike polymers is reported. The supramolecules consist of poly(2,5-pyridinediyl), aciddopants, and hydrogen bonded alkyl side chains. A thermotropic smectic state with an exce... Read More about Polarized luminescence from self-assembled, aligned, and cleaved supramolecules of highly ordered rodlike polymers.

Photophysics of a fluorene co-polymer in solution and films. (2002)
Journal Article
Palsson, L., Wang, C., Russell, D., Monkman, A., Bryce, M., Rumbles, G., & Samuel, I. (2002). Photophysics of a fluorene co-polymer in solution and films. Chemical Physics, 279(2-3), 229-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0104%2802%2900407-x

The photophysical properties of a new light-emitting co-polymer of fluorene and di-alkoxyphenylene are reported. A range of optical spectroscopies were applied to both solutions and solid films, and comparing the results gives information about the e... Read More about Photophysics of a fluorene co-polymer in solution and films..

Protonation and subsequent intramolecular hydrogen bonding as a method to control chain structure and tune luminescence in heteroatomic conjugated polymers (2002)
Journal Article
Monkman, A., Pålsson, L., Higgins, R., Wang, C., Bryce, M., Batsanov, A., & Howard, J. (2002). Protonation and subsequent intramolecular hydrogen bonding as a method to control chain structure and tune luminescence in heteroatomic conjugated polymers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 124(21), 6049-6055. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja012409%2B

We report the effects of protonation on the structural and spectroscopic properties of 1,4-dimethoxy-2,5-bis(2-pyridyl)benzene (9) and the related AB coploymer poly{2,5-pyridylene-co-1,4-[2,5- bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)]phenylene} (7). X-ray crystallograph... Read More about Protonation and subsequent intramolecular hydrogen bonding as a method to control chain structure and tune luminescence in heteroatomic conjugated polymers.

Fluorene co-polymer luminescence: implications for molecular interactions. (2001)
Journal Article
Palsson, L., Wang, C., Monkman, A., Bryce, M., Rumbles, G., & Samuel, I. (2001). Fluorene co-polymer luminescence: implications for molecular interactions. Synthetic Metals, 119(1-3), 627-628

A co-polymer of fluorene and di-alkoxyphenylene has been studied by means of optical spectroscopy. The absorption spectra of solution and films have a maximum at 350 nm, In thick films additional bands at 450 nm and at 550 nm could also be observed.... Read More about Fluorene co-polymer luminescence: implications for molecular interactions..