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Simplified Automatic Fault Detection in Wind Turbine Induction Generators (2020)
Journal Article
Brigham, K., Zappalá, D., Crabtree, C., & Donaghy-Spargo, C. (2020). Simplified Automatic Fault Detection in Wind Turbine Induction Generators. Wind Energy, 23(4), 1135-1144. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2478

This paper presents a simplified automated fault detection scheme for wind turbine induction generators with rotor electrical asymmetries. Fault indicators developed in previous works have made use of the presence of significant spectral peaks in the... Read More about Simplified Automatic Fault Detection in Wind Turbine Induction Generators.

Validation of a non-contact technique for torque measurements in wind turbines using an enhanced transient FSV approach (2019)
Journal Article
Zhang, G., Zappalá, D., Crabtree, C., Donaghy-Spargo, C., Hogg, S., & Duffy, A. (2020). Validation of a non-contact technique for torque measurements in wind turbines using an enhanced transient FSV approach. Measurement, 151, Article 107261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.107261

In-service turbine monitoring is essential for maximizing the wind energy contribution to the global energy budget. Measurement of turbine shaft torque under transient wind conditions is fundamental to develop reliable condition monitoring techniques... Read More about Validation of a non-contact technique for torque measurements in wind turbines using an enhanced transient FSV approach.

Use of Fractional-Conductor Windings and Semi-Magnetic Slot Wedges in Synchronous Machines (2019)
Journal Article
Donaghy-Spargo, C., & Spargo, A. (2019). Use of Fractional-Conductor Windings and Semi-Magnetic Slot Wedges in Synchronous Machines. Journal of Engineering, 2019(17), 4396-4400. https://doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.8205

This paper discusses two methods of altering the harmonic content of the spatial air-gap flux density waveform in synchronous machines (generators and motors). First, fractional-conductor windings are analysed for adoption as a replacement for a conv... Read More about Use of Fractional-Conductor Windings and Semi-Magnetic Slot Wedges in Synchronous Machines.

Transient Skin Effect in Power Electronic Applications (2019)
Journal Article
Donaghy-Spargo, C., & Horsfall, A. (2019). Transient Skin Effect in Power Electronic Applications. Journal of Engineering, 2019(17), 3696-3700. https://doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.8132

This study describes transient electromagnetic phenomena in electrical conductors that are connected to modern power electronic circuits and therefore subjected to current controlled pulses with fast rise times and high peak current ratings. Electrom... Read More about Transient Skin Effect in Power Electronic Applications.

Evaluating Suitable Semiconducting Materials for Cryogenic Power Electronics (2019)
Journal Article
Bradley, L., Atkinson, G., Horsfall, A., & Donaghy-Spargo, C. (2019). Evaluating Suitable Semiconducting Materials for Cryogenic Power Electronics. Journal of Engineering, 2019(17), 4475-4479. https://doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.8099

The interest in hybrid electric aircraft has invigorated research into superconducting power networks and superconducting electrical machines. Underpinning this is the ability to control the flow of electrical current at cryogenic temperatures, using... Read More about Evaluating Suitable Semiconducting Materials for Cryogenic Power Electronics.

Oliver Heaviside's Electromagnetic Theory (2018)
Journal Article
Donaghy-Spargo, C., & Yakovlev, A. (2018). Oliver Heaviside's Electromagnetic Theory. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2134), Article 20180229. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0229

The year 2018 marks the 125th anniversary of the first of three published volumes on electromagnetic theory by the eminent Victorian electrical engineer, physicist and mathematician, Oliver Heaviside FRS. This commemorative issue of Philosophical Tra... Read More about Oliver Heaviside's Electromagnetic Theory.

On Heaviside’s Contributions to Transmission Line Theory: Waves, Diffusion and Energy Flux (2018)
Journal Article
Donaghy-Spargo, C. (2018). On Heaviside’s Contributions to Transmission Line Theory: Waves, Diffusion and Energy Flux. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2134), Article 20170457. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0457

This paper surveys some selected contributions of Oliver Heaviside FRS (1850–1925) to classical electromagnetic theory and electrical engineering science. In particular, the paper focuses on his contributions to the development of electrical transmis... Read More about On Heaviside’s Contributions to Transmission Line Theory: Waves, Diffusion and Energy Flux.

On the Influence of Increased Stator Leakage Inductance in Single Tooth Wound Synchronous Reluctance Motors (2017)
Journal Article
Donaghy-Spargo, C., Mecrow, B., & Widmer, J. (2018). On the Influence of Increased Stator Leakage Inductance in Single Tooth Wound Synchronous Reluctance Motors. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 65(6), 4475 -4482. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2772180

This paper explores the leakage inductance of a single tooth wound synchronous reluctance motor and its influence on motor performance. It is shown that the stator leakage inductance heavily influences the true saliency ratio in synchronous reluctanc... Read More about On the Influence of Increased Stator Leakage Inductance in Single Tooth Wound Synchronous Reluctance Motors.

Rotating Electrical Machines: Poynting Flow (2017)
Journal Article
Donaghy-Spargo, C. (2017). Rotating Electrical Machines: Poynting Flow. European Journal of Physics, 38(5), Article 055204. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/aa7dcc

This paper presents a complementary approach to the traditional Lorentz and Faraday approaches that are typically adopted in the classroom when teaching the fundamentals of electrical machines - motors and generators. The approach adopted is based up... Read More about Rotating Electrical Machines: Poynting Flow.

Modelling of a 6 Slot 4 Pole Single Tooth Wound Synchronous Reluctance Motor (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Donaghy-Spargo, C., Mecrow, B., & Widmer, J. (2017). Modelling of a 6 Slot 4 Pole Single Tooth Wound Synchronous Reluctance Motor. In 2017 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC): 21-24 May 2017, Miami, Florida, USA. https://doi.org/10.1109/iemdc.2017.8002058

This paper presents a modified d-q model that includes the complex inductance characteristics present in single tooth wound synchronous reluctance motors. Utilization of the single tooth coils results in high air gap harmonic content and has conseque... Read More about Modelling of a 6 Slot 4 Pole Single Tooth Wound Synchronous Reluctance Motor.

Leakage Inductance of a Prototyped Single Tooth Wound Synchronous Reluctance Motor (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Donaghy-Spargo, C., Mecrow, B., & Widmer, J. (2017). Leakage Inductance of a Prototyped Single Tooth Wound Synchronous Reluctance Motor. In 2017 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC) ; proceedings (556-561). https://doi.org/10.1109/iemdc.2017.8002059

This paper explores the inductance characteristics present in single tooth wound synchronous reluctance motors, specifically the stator leakage inductance. Despite the nature of the single tooth design resulting in increased air gap harmonic content,... Read More about Leakage Inductance of a Prototyped Single Tooth Wound Synchronous Reluctance Motor.

Electromagnetic Analysis of a Synchronous Reluctance Motor with Single Tooth Windings (2017)
Journal Article
Donaghy-Spargo, C., Mecrow, B., & Widmer, J. (2017). Electromagnetic Analysis of a Synchronous Reluctance Motor with Single Tooth Windings. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 53(11), Article 8206207. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2017.2700896

This paper explores some key electromagnetic design aspects of a synchronous reluctance motor which is equipped with single tooth windings (i.e. fractional slot-concentrated windings). The analyzed machine, a 6 slot 4 pole motor, utilizes a segmented... Read More about Electromagnetic Analysis of a Synchronous Reluctance Motor with Single Tooth Windings.

Electromagnetic-Mechanical Design of Synchronous Reluctance Rotors with Fine Features (2017)
Journal Article
Donaghy-Spargo, C. (2017). Electromagnetic-Mechanical Design of Synchronous Reluctance Rotors with Fine Features. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 53(11), Article 8206308. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2017.2700892

This paper explores the trade-off between electromagnetic and mechanical performance when regarding the design of a synchronous reluctance machine rotor with fine features in the lamination profile – the analyzed machine consists of four rotor poles... Read More about Electromagnetic-Mechanical Design of Synchronous Reluctance Rotors with Fine Features.

Synchronous Reluctance Motor Technology: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Direction (2016)
Journal Article
Donaghy-Spargo, C. (online). Synchronous Reluctance Motor Technology: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Direction. Engineering & technology reference, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1049/etr.2015.0044

In recent years, the desire for high efficiency and high torque density electric motors without permanent magnet (PM) materials for the industrial, as well as the specialist product sectors, has increased significantly and has developed into a hot re... Read More about Synchronous Reluctance Motor Technology: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Direction.

Design and Validation of a Synchronous Reluctance Motor With Single Tooth Windings (2015)
Journal Article
Spargo, C., Mecrow, B. C., Widmer, J. D., Morton, C., & Baker, N. J. (2015). Design and Validation of a Synchronous Reluctance Motor With Single Tooth Windings. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 30(2), 795-805. https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2014.2384476

This paper presents for the first time the analysis and experimental validation of a six-slot four-pole synchronous reluctance motor with nonoverlapping fractional slot-concentrated windings. The machine exhibits high torque density and efficiency du... Read More about Design and Validation of a Synchronous Reluctance Motor With Single Tooth Windings.

Design of a synchronous reluctance motor with non-overlapping fractional-slot concentrated windings (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Spargo, C., Mecrow, B., & Widmer, J. (2014). Design of a synchronous reluctance motor with non-overlapping fractional-slot concentrated windings. In 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) : 14-18 September 2014, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (1393-1399). https://doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2014.6953581

This paper presents the detailed design and finite element study of a synchronous reluctance machine with a non-overlapping fractional slot concentrated windings. The machine design employs single tooth wound coils with short end windings and high fi... Read More about Design of a synchronous reluctance motor with non-overlapping fractional-slot concentrated windings.

Synchronous reluctance motors with toroidal windings (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Spargo, C., Mecrow, B., & Widmer, J. (2014). Synchronous reluctance motors with toroidal windings. In 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) : 14-18 September 2014, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (1374-1378). https://doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2014.6953578

This paper introduces the concept of a four-pole toroidally wound synchronous reluctance machine as an alternative to conventional and fractional slot concentrated winding designs. The toroidal windings, which are wound around the stator coreback hav... Read More about Synchronous reluctance motors with toroidal windings.

Computationally efficient skew effect calculation in electric machines utilising harmonic Maxwellian stress decomposition (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Spargo, C., Mecrow, B., & Widmer, J. (2014). Computationally efficient skew effect calculation in electric machines utilising harmonic Maxwellian stress decomposition. In Proceedings, 2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) : Andel's Hotel Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 02 - 05 September, 2014 (1044-1049). https://doi.org/10.1109/icelmach.2014.6960310

A novel finite element solution post-processing technique to determine the effects of rotor skewing is presented in this paper. It was previously proposed that a post-processing semi-numerical method to calculate the harmonic torque components in syn... Read More about Computationally efficient skew effect calculation in electric machines utilising harmonic Maxwellian stress decomposition.

Application of Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings to Synchronous Reluctance Motors (2014)
Journal Article
Spargo, C. M., Mecrow, B. C., Widmer, J. D., & Morton, C. (2015). Application of Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings to Synchronous Reluctance Motors. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 51(2), 1446-1455. https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2014.2341733

This paper presents an investigation into the application of fractional-slot concentrated windings to synchronous reluctance motors. The advantages and disadvantages of the synthesis of such a machine are explored with thermal aspects included, and a... Read More about Application of Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings to Synchronous Reluctance Motors.

Solar Plane Propulsion Motors With Precompressed Aluminum Stator Windings (2014)
Journal Article
Widmer, J. D., Spargo, C. M., Atkinson, G. J., & Mecrow, B. C. (2014). Solar Plane Propulsion Motors With Precompressed Aluminum Stator Windings. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 29(3), 681-688. https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2014.2313642

This paper reports a propulsion motor for a solar-powered aircraft. The motor uses precompressed aluminum stator windings, with a fill factor of greater than 75%, in a permanent magnet synchronous machine. The motor performance is compared empiricall... Read More about Solar Plane Propulsion Motors With Precompressed Aluminum Stator Windings.

Electrified hydraulic power steering system in hybrid electric heavy trucks (2014)
Journal Article
Morton, C., Spargo, C. M., & Pickert, V. (2014). Electrified hydraulic power steering system in hybrid electric heavy trucks. IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, 4(3), 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-est.2013.0050

Over the last 20 years, conventional automotive engine ancillaries have migrated from being mechanically powered to electrically powered in order to meet market demand. To adopt this trend in heavy trucks requires a higher power electrical system in... Read More about Electrified hydraulic power steering system in hybrid electric heavy trucks.

Higher pole number synchronous reluctance machines with fractional slot concentrated windings (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Spargo, C., Mecrow, B., & Widmer, J. (2014). Higher pole number synchronous reluctance machines with fractional slot concentrated windings. In 7th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2014) : Manchester, United Kingdom, 8 - 10 April 2014 (1-6). https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2014.0279

This paper presents an examination of the advantages, disadvantages and remaining challenges of the application of fractional slot concentrated windings to higher pole number (pole-pairs > 2) synchronous reluctance machines. It extends previous work... Read More about Higher pole number synchronous reluctance machines with fractional slot concentrated windings.

A Seminumerical Finite-Element Postprocessing Torque Ripple Analysis Technique for Synchronous Electric Machines Utilizing the Air-Gap Maxwell Stress Tensor (2013)
Journal Article
Spargo, C. M., Mecrow, B. C., & Widmer, J. D. (2014). A Seminumerical Finite-Element Postprocessing Torque Ripple Analysis Technique for Synchronous Electric Machines Utilizing the Air-Gap Maxwell Stress Tensor. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 50(5), Article 7026909. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2013.2295547

A novel method to calculate the harmonic torque components in synchronous machines is presented. Harmonic torque components create a torque ripple, which is undesirable in many applications. This torque ripple is a major cause of acoustic noise and v... Read More about A Seminumerical Finite-Element Postprocessing Torque Ripple Analysis Technique for Synchronous Electric Machines Utilizing the Air-Gap Maxwell Stress Tensor.

Application of fractional slot concentrated windings to synchronous reluctance machines (2013)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Spargo, C., Mecrow, B., & Widmer, J. (2013). Application of fractional slot concentrated windings to synchronous reluctance machines. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC) : Chicago, Illinois, USA, May 12-15, 2013 (618-625). https://doi.org/10.1109/iemdc.2013.6556159

Due to the advancement of electric vehicles, the desire for high torque density electric motors for traction applications is steadily increasing. It is advantageous to design such a motor with little or no rare earth permanent magnet (PM) material du... Read More about Application of fractional slot concentrated windings to synchronous reluctance machines.

Winding configurations for a six phase switched reluctance machine (2012)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Widmer, J., Martin, R., Spargo, C., Mecrow, B., & Celik, T. (2012). Winding configurations for a six phase switched reluctance machine. In 2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) (532-538). https://doi.org/10.1109/icelmach.2012.6349921

Winding configurations are investigated for a six phase, 12-10 switched reluctance machine having single tooth wound coils and being driven from a conventional three phase full bridge converter with the addition of six diodes. A new winding configura... Read More about Winding configurations for a six phase switched reluctance machine.

Use of a 3 phase full bridge converter to drive a 6 phase switched reluctance machine (2012)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Widmer, J., Mecrow, B., Spargo, C., Martin, R., & Celik, T. (2012). Use of a 3 phase full bridge converter to drive a 6 phase switched reluctance machine. In 6th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2012). https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2012.0260

This paper explores how the use of a modified full bridge converter, coupled to a 6 phase switched reluctance motor, can produce a torque dense drive with low torque ripple, combined with standard drive electronics and a good converter VA rating. A d... Read More about Use of a 3 phase full bridge converter to drive a 6 phase switched reluctance machine.