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Annual and Seasonal Patterns of Burned Area Products in Arctic-Boreal North America and Russia for 2001–2020 (2024)
Journal Article
Clelland, A. A., Marshall, G. J., Baxter, R., Potter, S., Talucci, A. C., Rady, J. M., Genet, H., Rogers, B. M., & Natali, S. M. (2024). Annual and Seasonal Patterns of Burned Area Products in Arctic-Boreal North America and Russia for 2001–2020. Remote Sensing, 16(17), Article 3306. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173306

Boreal and Arctic regions have warmed up to four times quicker than the rest of the planet since the 1970s. As a result, boreal and tundra ecosystems are experiencing more frequent and higher intensity extreme weather events and disturbances, such as... Read More about Annual and Seasonal Patterns of Burned Area Products in Arctic-Boreal North America and Russia for 2001–2020.

Evaluating the performance of key ERA‐Interim, ERA5 and ERA5‐Land climate variables across Siberia (2024)
Journal Article
Baxter, R., Clelland, A., & Marshall, G. (2024). Evaluating the performance of key ERA‐Interim, ERA5 and ERA5‐Land climate variables across Siberia. International Journal of Climatology, 44(7), 2318-2342. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8456

Reanalysis datasets provide a continuous picture of the past climate for every point on Earth. They are especially useful in areas with few direct observations, such as Siberia. However, to ensure these datasets are sufficiently accurate they need to... Read More about Evaluating the performance of key ERA‐Interim, ERA5 and ERA5‐Land climate variables across Siberia.

Experimental warming outside the growing season and exclusion of grazing has a mild effect on upland grassland plant communities in the short term (2023)
Journal Article
Roth, N., Baxter, R., Furness, M., Kimberley, A., & Cousins, S. A. O. (online). Experimental warming outside the growing season and exclusion of grazing has a mild effect on upland grassland plant communities in the short term. Plant Ecology and Diversity, 16(5-6), 189-201 . https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2023.2286229

Background
Winters are expected to warm more than summers in central and northern Europe, with largely unknown effects on grassland plant communities.

Aims
By studying the interactions between winter warming and summer grazing, we aimed to disen... Read More about Experimental warming outside the growing season and exclusion of grazing has a mild effect on upland grassland plant communities in the short term.

Canopy structure and air temperature inversions impact simulation of sub-canopy longwave radiation in snow-covered boreal forests (2023)
Journal Article
Rutter, N., Essery, R., Baxter, R., Hancock, S., Horton, M., Huntley, B., …Woodward, J. (2023). Canopy structure and air temperature inversions impact simulation of sub-canopy longwave radiation in snow-covered boreal forests. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128(14), Article e2022JD037980. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037980

Longwave radiation is often the dominant source of energy for snowmelt in forests. Measurements at forest sites of varying density in Sweden and Finland show that downwelling longwave radiation is enhanced under forest canopies, even for sparse canop... Read More about Canopy structure and air temperature inversions impact simulation of sub-canopy longwave radiation in snow-covered boreal forests.

Abundance and accessibility of forage for reindeer in forests of Northern Sweden: Impacts of landscape and winter climate regime (2022)
Journal Article
Kater, I., & Baxter, R. (2022). Abundance and accessibility of forage for reindeer in forests of Northern Sweden: Impacts of landscape and winter climate regime. Ecology and Evolution, 12(4), Article e8820. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8820

The survival of reindeer during winter, their period of greatest food stress, depends largely on the abundance and accessibility of forage in their pastures. In Northern Sweden, realized availability of forage is notably affected by snow conditions a... Read More about Abundance and accessibility of forage for reindeer in forests of Northern Sweden: Impacts of landscape and winter climate regime.

Climate change, fire return intervals and the growing risk of permanent forest loss in boreal Eurasia (2022)
Journal Article
Burrell, A. L., Sun, Q., Baxter, R., Kukavskaya, E. A., Zhila, S., Shestakova, T., …Barrett, K. (2022). Climate change, fire return intervals and the growing risk of permanent forest loss in boreal Eurasia. Science of the Total Environment, 831, Article 154885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154885

Climate change has driven an increase in the frequency and severity of fires in Eurasian boreal forests. A growing number of field studies have linked the change in fire regime to post-fire recruitment failure and permanent forest loss. In this study... Read More about Climate change, fire return intervals and the growing risk of permanent forest loss in boreal Eurasia.

Post-fire Recruitment Failure as a Driver of Forest to Non-forest Ecosystem Shifts in Boreal Regions (2021)
Book Chapter
Burrell, A., Kukavskaya, E., Baxter, R., Sun, Q., & Barrett, K. (2021). Post-fire Recruitment Failure as a Driver of Forest to Non-forest Ecosystem Shifts in Boreal Regions. In J. Canadell, & R. Jackson (Eds.), Ecosystem Collapse and Climate Change (69-100). (1). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71330-0_4

Climate change and land-use are driving large changes in forest ecosystems around the globe. In the boreal biome it is likely that increases in temperature and the associated lengthening of the growing season will cause the forest to expand into the... Read More about Post-fire Recruitment Failure as a Driver of Forest to Non-forest Ecosystem Shifts in Boreal Regions.

Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database (2021)
Journal Article
Poyatos, R., Granda, V., Flo, V., Adams, M. A., Adorján, B., Aguadé, D., …Martínez-Vilalta, J. (2021). Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database. Earth System Science Data, 13(6), 2607-2649. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2607-2021

Plant transpiration links physiological responses of vegetation to water supply and demand with hydrological, energy, and carbon budgets at the land–atmosphere interface. However, despite being the main land evaporative flux at the global scale, tran... Read More about Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database.

Climate variability may delay post-fire recovery of boreal forest in southern Siberia, Russia (2021)
Journal Article
Sun, Q., Burrell, A., Barrett, K., Kukavskya, E., Buryak, L., Kaduk, J., & Baxter, R. (2021). Climate variability may delay post-fire recovery of boreal forest in southern Siberia, Russia. Remote Sensing, 13(12), Article 2247. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122247

Prolonged dry periods and increased temperatures that result from anthropogenic cli-22 mate change have been shown to increase the frequency and severity of wildfires in the boreal 23 region. There is growing evidence that such changes in fire regime... Read More about Climate variability may delay post-fire recovery of boreal forest in southern Siberia, Russia.

Plant carbon allocation drives turnover of old soil organic matter in permafrost tundra soils (2020)
Journal Article
Street, L., Garnett, M., Subke, J., Baxter, R., Dean, J., & Wookey, P. (2020). Plant carbon allocation drives turnover of old soil organic matter in permafrost tundra soils. Global Change Biology, 26(8), 4559-4571. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15134

Carbon cycle feedbacks from permafrost ecosystems are expected to accelerate global climate change. Shifts in vegetation productivity and composition in permafrost regions could influence soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover rates via rhizosphere (root... Read More about Plant carbon allocation drives turnover of old soil organic matter in permafrost tundra soils.

Transpiration from subarctic deciduous woodlands: environmental controls and contribution to ecosystem evapotranspiration (2020)
Journal Article
Sabater, A., Ward, H., Hill, T., Gornall, G., Wade, T., Evans, J., …Poyatos, R. (2020). Transpiration from subarctic deciduous woodlands: environmental controls and contribution to ecosystem evapotranspiration. Ecohydrology, 13(3), Article e2190. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2190

Potential land‐climate feedbacks in subarctic regions, where rapid warming is driving forest expansion into the tundra, may be mediated by differences in transpiration of different plant functional types. Here we assess the environmental controls of... Read More about Transpiration from subarctic deciduous woodlands: environmental controls and contribution to ecosystem evapotranspiration.

Postfire recruitment failure in Scots pine forests of southern Siberia (2019)
Journal Article
Barrett, K., Baxter, R., Kukavskaya, E., Balzter, H., Shvetsov, E., & Buryak, L. (2020). Postfire recruitment failure in Scots pine forests of southern Siberia. Remote Sensing of Environment, 237, Article 111539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111539

Wildfire disturbances effect changes in vegetation communities that in turn influence climate. Such changes in boreal forest ecosystems can persist over decadal time scales or longer. In the ecotone between boreal forest and steppe in the region sout... Read More about Postfire recruitment failure in Scots pine forests of southern Siberia.

Ecosystem carbon dynamics differ between tundra shrub types in the western Canadian Arctic (2018)
Journal Article
Street, L. E., Subke, J., Baxter, R., Dinsmore, K. J., Knoblauch, C., & Wookey, P. A. (2018). Ecosystem carbon dynamics differ between tundra shrub types in the western Canadian Arctic. Environmental Research Letters, 13(8), Article 084014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aad363

Shrub expansion at high latitudes has been implicated in driving vegetation 'greening' trends and may partially offset CO2 emissions from warming soils. However, we do not yet know how Arctic shrub expansion will impact ecosystem carbon (C) cycling a... Read More about Ecosystem carbon dynamics differ between tundra shrub types in the western Canadian Arctic.

Abundant pre-industrial carbon detected in Canadian Arctic headwaters: implications for the permafrost carbon feedback (2018)
Journal Article
Dean, J., van der Velde, Y., Garnett, M., Dinsmore, K., Baxter, R., Lessels, J., …Billett, M. (2018). Abundant pre-industrial carbon detected in Canadian Arctic headwaters: implications for the permafrost carbon feedback. Environmental Research Letters, 13(3), Article 034024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaa1fe

Mobilization of soil/sediment organic carbon into inland waters constitutes a substantial, but poorly-constrained, component of the global carbon cycle. Radiocarbon (14C) analysis has proven a valuable tool in tracing the sources and fate of mobilize... Read More about Abundant pre-industrial carbon detected in Canadian Arctic headwaters: implications for the permafrost carbon feedback.

Redox dynamics in the active layer of an Arctic headwater catchment; examining the potential for transfer of dissolved methane from soils to stream water (2016)
Journal Article
Street, L., Dean, J., Billet, M., Baxter, R., Dinsmore, K., Lessels, J., …Wookey, P. (2016). Redox dynamics in the active layer of an Arctic headwater catchment; examining the potential for transfer of dissolved methane from soils to stream water. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 121(11), 2776-2792. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jg003387

The linkages between methane production, transport, and release from terrestrial and aquatic systems are not well understood, complicating the task of predicting methane emissions. We present novel data examining the potential for the saturated zone... Read More about Redox dynamics in the active layer of an Arctic headwater catchment; examining the potential for transfer of dissolved methane from soils to stream water.

Biogeochemistry of “pristine” freshwater stream and lake systems in the western Canadian Arctic (2016)
Journal Article
Dean, J., Billett, M., Baxter, R., Dinsmore, K., Lessels, J., Street, L., …Wookey, P. (2016). Biogeochemistry of “pristine” freshwater stream and lake systems in the western Canadian Arctic. Biogeochemistry, 130(3), 191-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-016-0252-2

Climate change poses a substantial threat to the stability of the Arctic terrestrial carbon (C) pool as warmer air temperatures thaw permafrost and deepen the seasonally-thawed active layer of soils and sediments. Enhanced water flow through this lay... Read More about Biogeochemistry of “pristine” freshwater stream and lake systems in the western Canadian Arctic.

Quantifying landscape-level methane fluxes in subarctic Finland using a multi-scale approach (2015)
Journal Article
Hartley, I., Hill, T., Wade, T., Clement, R., Moncrieff, J., Prieto-Blanco, A., …Baxter, R. (2015). Quantifying landscape-level methane fluxes in subarctic Finland using a multi-scale approach. Global Change Biology, 21(10), 3712-3725. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12975

Quantifying landscape-scale methane (CH4) fluxes from boreal and arctic regions, and determining how they are controlled, is critical for predicting the magnitude of any CH4 emission feedback to climate change. Furthermore, there remains uncertainty... Read More about Quantifying landscape-level methane fluxes in subarctic Finland using a multi-scale approach.

Spatial quantification of leafless canopy structure in a boreal birch forest (2014)
Journal Article
Reid, T., Spencer, M., Huntley, B., Essery, R., Carle, J., Holden, R., …Rutter, N. (2014). Spatial quantification of leafless canopy structure in a boreal birch forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 188, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.12.005

Leafless deciduous canopies in boreal regions affect the energy available for snowmelt and reduce overall surface albedo during winter, thereby exerting a strong influence on weather and climate. In this work, ground-based measurements of leafless ca... Read More about Spatial quantification of leafless canopy structure in a boreal birch forest.

Characterising forest gap fraction with terrestrial lidar and photography: An examination of relative limitations (2014)
Journal Article
Hancock, S., Essery, R., Reid, T., Carle, J., Baxter, R., Rutter, N., & Huntley, B. (2014). Characterising forest gap fraction with terrestrial lidar and photography: An examination of relative limitations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 189-190, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.01.012

Previous studies have shown that terrestrial lidar is capable of characterising forest canopies but suggest that lidar underestimates gap fraction compared to hemispherical camera photography. This paper performs a detailed comparison of lidar to cam... Read More about Characterising forest gap fraction with terrestrial lidar and photography: An examination of relative limitations.