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Human frontal lobes are not relatively large (2013)
Journal Article
Barton, R., & Venditti, C. (2013). Human frontal lobes are not relatively large. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(22), 9001-9006. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1215723110

One of the most pervasive assumptions about human brain evolution is that it involved relative enlargement of the frontal lobes.We show that this assumption is without foundation. Analysis of five independent data sets using correctly scaled measures... Read More about Human frontal lobes are not relatively large.

Cities and Gods: Religious Space in Transition (2013)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
(2013). Cities and Gods: Religious Space in Transition. In T. Kaizer, A. Leone, E. Thomas, & R. Witcher (Eds.), Cities and gods : religious space in transition (1-4)

Evaluating global snow water equivalent products for testing land surface models (2013)
Journal Article
Hancock, S., Baxter, R., Evans, J., & Huntley, B. (2013). Evaluating global snow water equivalent products for testing land surface models. Remote Sensing of Environment, 128, 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.004

This paper compares three global snow water equivalent (SWE) products, SSM/I (NSIDC), AMSR-E (NSIDC) and Globsnow (v1.0, ESA) to each other, snow covered area (SCA), ground measures of snow depth and meteorological data in an attempt to determine whi... Read More about Evaluating global snow water equivalent products for testing land surface models.

A C-Repeat Binding Factor Transcriptional Activator (CBF/DREB1) from European Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) Induces Freezing Tolerance When Expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana (2013)
Journal Article
Oakenfull, R. J., Baxter, R., & Knight, M. R. (2013). A C-Repeat Binding Factor Transcriptional Activator (CBF/DREB1) from European Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) Induces Freezing Tolerance When Expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS ONE, 8(1), Article e54119. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054119

Freezing stress affects all plants from temperate zones to the poles. Global climate change means such freezing events are becoming less predictable. This in turn reduces the ability of plants to predict the approaching low temperatures and cold accl... Read More about A C-Repeat Binding Factor Transcriptional Activator (CBF/DREB1) from European Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) Induces Freezing Tolerance When Expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana.

‘Much That Has Long Been Hidden’: Reconstructing the Survey Methodology (2012)
Book Chapter
Witcher, R., & Craven, M. (2013). ‘Much That Has Long Been Hidden’: Reconstructing the Survey Methodology. In R. Cascino, H. Di Giuseppe, & H. Patterson (Eds.), Veii. The historical topography of the ancient city. A restudy of John Ward-Perkins’s survey (9-24). British School at Rome

Vegetation ecology and global change. (2012)
Book Chapter
Huntley, B., & Baxter, R. (2012). Vegetation ecology and global change. In E. van der Maarel, & J. Franklin (Eds.), Vegetation Ecology (509-525). (2nd Edition). Wiley

Effects of Warming on Shrub Abundance and Chemistry Drive Ecosystem-Level Changes in a Forest-Tundra Ecotone (2012)
Journal Article
Kaarlejärvi, E., Baxter, R., Hofgaard, A., Hytteborn, H., Khittun, O., Molau, U., …Olofsson, J. (2012). Effects of Warming on Shrub Abundance and Chemistry Drive Ecosystem-Level Changes in a Forest-Tundra Ecotone. Ecosystems, 15(8), 1219-1233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9580-9

Tundra vegetation is responding rapidly to on-going climate warming. The changes in plant abundance and chemistry might have cascading effects on tundra food webs, but an integrated understanding of how the responses vary between habitats and across... Read More about Effects of Warming on Shrub Abundance and Chemistry Drive Ecosystem-Level Changes in a Forest-Tundra Ecotone.

Life of an Ancient Monument: Hadrian's Wall in History (2012)
Journal Article
Hingley, R., Witcher, R., & Nesbitt, C. (2012). Life of an Ancient Monument: Hadrian's Wall in History. Antiquity, 86(333), 760-771. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00047906

The Romans are Britain's favourite invaders, and Hadrian's Wall is among the largest and finest of the relics they left behind on the island. However, as our authors urge, we should demand more intellectual depth from our monuments today. Not simply... Read More about Life of an Ancient Monument: Hadrian's Wall in History.

Embodied cognitive evolution and the cerebellum (2012)
Journal Article
Barton, R. A. (2012). Embodied cognitive evolution and the cerebellum. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367(1599), 2097-2107. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0112

Much attention has focused on the dramatic expansion of the forebrain, particularly the neocortex, as the neural substrate of cognitive evolution. However, though relatively small, the cerebellum contains about four times more neurons than the neocor... Read More about Embodied cognitive evolution and the cerebellum.

Fast assimilate turnover revealed by in situ 13CO2 pulse labelling in Subarctic tundra (2012)
Journal Article
Subke, J., Heinemeyer, A., Vallack, H., Leronni, V., Baxter, R., & Ineson, P. (2012). Fast assimilate turnover revealed by in situ 13CO2 pulse labelling in Subarctic tundra. Polar Biology, 35(8), 1209-1219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1167-6

Climatic changes in Arctic regions are likely to have significant impacts on vegetation composition and physiological responses of different plant types, with implications for the regional carbon (C) cycle. Here, we explore differences in allocation... Read More about Fast assimilate turnover revealed by in situ 13CO2 pulse labelling in Subarctic tundra.

Seasonal controls on net branch CO2 assimilation in sub-Arctic Mountain Birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hamet-Ahti) (2012)
Journal Article
Poyatos, R., Gornall, J., Mencuccini, M., Huntley, B., & Baxter, R. (2012). Seasonal controls on net branch CO2 assimilation in sub-Arctic Mountain Birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hamet-Ahti). Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 158-159, 90-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.02.009

Forests at northern high latitudes are experiencing climate-induced changes in growth and productivity, but our knowledge on the underlying mechanisms driving seasonal CO2 fluxes in northern boreal trees comes almost exclusively from ecosystem-level... Read More about Seasonal controls on net branch CO2 assimilation in sub-Arctic Mountain Birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hamet-Ahti).

'That From A Long Way Off Look Like Farms': The Classification of Roman Rural Sites. (2012)
Book Chapter
Witcher, R. (2012). 'That From A Long Way Off Look Like Farms': The Classification of Roman Rural Sites. In P. Attema, & G. Schörner (Eds.), Comparative Issues in the Archaeology of the Roman Rural Landscape. Site Classification Between Survey, Excavation and Historical Categories (11-30). Journal of Roman Archaeology

Photosynthesis and productivity in heterogeneous arctic tundra: consequences for ecosystem function of mixing vegetation types at stand edges (2012)
Journal Article
Fletcher, B., Gornall, J., Poyatos, R., Press, M., Stoy, P., Huntley, B., …Phoenix, G. (2012). Photosynthesis and productivity in heterogeneous arctic tundra: consequences for ecosystem function of mixing vegetation types at stand edges. Journal of Ecology, 100(2), 441-451. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01913.x

1. Arctic vegetation tends to be spatially heterogeneous and can have large areas of mixed transition zone vegetation between stands dominated by a single or few species. If plant photosynthesis and growth within these transition zones differs signif... Read More about Photosynthesis and productivity in heterogeneous arctic tundra: consequences for ecosystem function of mixing vegetation types at stand edges.

Redness Enhances Perceived Aggression, Dominance and Attractiveness in Men’s Faces (2012)
Journal Article
Stephen, I., Oldham, F., Perrett, D., & Barton, R. (2012). Redness Enhances Perceived Aggression, Dominance and Attractiveness in Men’s Faces. Evolutionary Psychology, 10(3), 562-572

In a range of non-human primate, bird and fish species, the intensity of red coloration in males is associated with social dominance, testosterone levels and mate selection. In humans too, skin redness is associated with health, but it is not known w... Read More about Redness Enhances Perceived Aggression, Dominance and Attractiveness in Men’s Faces.

Double Dutch: two perspectives on the landscapes of first millennium BC Italy (2011)
Journal Article
Witcher, R. (2011). Double Dutch: two perspectives on the landscapes of first millennium BC Italy. Antiquity, 1476-1478. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00062220

TESSE D. STEK. Cult places and cultural change in Republican Italy: a contextual approach to religious aspects of rural society after the Roman conquest (Amsterdam Archaeological Studies 14). xii+263 pages, numerous illustrations. 2009. Amsterdam: Am... Read More about Double Dutch: two perspectives on the landscapes of first millennium BC Italy.

Carbon balance of Arctic tundra under increased snow cover mediated by a plant pathogen (2011)
Journal Article
Olofsson, J., Ericson, L., Torp, M., Stark, S., & Baxter, R. (2011). Carbon balance of Arctic tundra under increased snow cover mediated by a plant pathogen. Nature Climate Change, 1(4), 220-223. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1142

Climate change is affecting plant community composition(1) and ecosystem structure, with consequences for ecosystem processes such as carbon storage(2-4). Climate can affect plants directly by altering growth rates(1), and indirectly by affecting pre... Read More about Carbon balance of Arctic tundra under increased snow cover mediated by a plant pathogen.

Maternal investment, life histories and the costs of brain growth in mammals (2011)
Journal Article
Barton, R., & Capellini, I. (2011). Maternal investment, life histories and the costs of brain growth in mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(15), 6169-6174. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019140108

Brain size variation in mammals correlates with life histories: larger-brained species have longer gestations, mature later, and have increased lifespans. These patterns have been explained in terms of developmental costs (larger brains take longer t... Read More about Maternal investment, life histories and the costs of brain growth in mammals.

Soil respiration: implications of the plant-soil continuum and respiration chamber collar-insertion depth on measurement and modelling of soil CO2 efflux rates in three ecosystems (2011)
Journal Article
Heinemeyer, A., Di Bene, C., Lloyd, A., Tortorella, D., Baxter, R., Huntley, B., …Ineson, P. (2011). Soil respiration: implications of the plant-soil continuum and respiration chamber collar-insertion depth on measurement and modelling of soil CO2 efflux rates in three ecosystems. European Journal of Soil Science, 62(1), 82-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2010.01331.x

Key uncertainties remain in accurately measuring soil respiration, including how the commonly-used technique of collar insertion affects measured soil and root-derived CO(2) fluxes. We hypothesized that total soil respiration is frequently under-esti... Read More about Soil respiration: implications of the plant-soil continuum and respiration chamber collar-insertion depth on measurement and modelling of soil CO2 efflux rates in three ecosystems.

Placentation and maternal investment in mammals (2011)
Journal Article
Capellini, I., Venditti, C., & Barton, R. (2011). Placentation and maternal investment in mammals. The American Naturalist, 177(1), 86-98. https://doi.org/10.1086/657435

The mammalian placenta exhibits striking inter-specific morphological variation, yet the implications of such diversity for reproductive strategies and fetal development remain obscure. More invasive hemochorial placentae, in which fetal tissues dire... Read More about Placentation and maternal investment in mammals.