Yuta Uchikawa
Provenance of the cross sign of 806 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: a possible lunar halo over continental Europe?
Uchikawa, Yuta; Cowley, Les; Hayakawa, Hisashi; Willis, David M.; Stephenson, F. Richard
Authors
Les Cowley
Hisashi Hayakawa
David M. Willis
F. Richard Stephenson
Abstract
While graphical records of astronomical/meteorological events before telescopic observations are of particular interest, they have frequently undergone multiple instances of copying and may have been modified from the original. Here, we analyse a graphical record of the cross sign of 806 CE in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (ASC), which has been considered one of the earliest datable halo drawings in British records, whereas another cross sign in 776 CE has been associated with the aurora. However, philological studies have revealed the later 806 event is derived from continental European annals. Here, records and drawings for the 806 event have been philologically traced back to mid-ninth-century continental European manuscripts (MSS) and the probable observational site identified as the area of Sens in northern France. The possible lunar halos at that time have been comprehensively examined by numerical ray tracing. Combined with calculations of twilight sky brightness, they identify a visibility window supporting monastic observation. Cruciform halos are shown to be fainter and rarer than brighter and more commonplace lunar halos. Physically credible cloud ice crystal variations can reproduce all the manuscript renditions. The manuscript records prove less-than-desirable detail, but what is presented is fully consistent with a lunar-halo interpretation. Finally, the possible societal impacts of such celestial events have been mentioned in the context of contemporary coins in Anglo-Saxon England and the Carolingian Empire. These analyses show that we need to trace their provenance back as far as possible, to best reconstruct the original event, even if graphical records are available for given astronomical/meteorological events.
Citation
Uchikawa, Y., Cowley, L., Hayakawa, H., Willis, D. M., & Stephenson, F. R. (2020). Provenance of the cross sign of 806 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: a possible lunar halo over continental Europe?. History of Geo- and Space Sciences, 11(1), 81-92. https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-11-81-2020
Journal Article Type | Article |
---|---|
Acceptance Date | Jan 31, 2020 |
Online Publication Date | Apr 20, 2020 |
Publication Date | 2020 |
Deposit Date | May 6, 2020 |
Publicly Available Date | May 7, 2020 |
Journal | History of Geo- and Space Sciences |
Print ISSN | 2190-5010 |
Publisher | Copernicus Publications |
Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
Volume | 11 |
Issue | 1 |
Pages | 81-92 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-11-81-2020 |
Public URL | https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1264787 |
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Publisher Licence URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Copyright Statement
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
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