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Glutathione transferases catalyze recycling of auto-toxic cyanogenic glucosides in sorghum (2018)
Journal Article
Bjarnholt, N., Neilson, E. H., Crocoll, C., Jørgensen, K., Motawia, M. S., Olsen, C. E., Dixon, D. P., Edwards, R., & Møller, B. L. (2018). Glutathione transferases catalyze recycling of auto-toxic cyanogenic glucosides in sorghum. The Plant Journal, 94(6), 1109-1125. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13923

Cyanogenic glucosides are nitrogen‐containing specialized metabolites that provide chemical defense against herbivores and pathogens via the release of toxic hydrogen cyanide. It has been suggested that cyanogenic glucosides are also a store of nitro... Read More about Glutathione transferases catalyze recycling of auto-toxic cyanogenic glucosides in sorghum.

The Arabidopsis phi class glutathione transferase AtGSTF2: binding and regulation by biologically active heterocyclic ligands (2011)
Journal Article
Dixon, D., Sellars, J., & Edwards, R. (2011). The Arabidopsis phi class glutathione transferase AtGSTF2: binding and regulation by biologically active heterocyclic ligands. Biochemical Journal, 438(1), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj20101884

The plant-specific phi class of glutathione transferases (GSTFs) are often highly stress-inducible and expressed in a tissue-specific manner, suggestive of them having important protective roles. To date, these functions remain largely unknown, altho... Read More about The Arabidopsis phi class glutathione transferase AtGSTF2: binding and regulation by biologically active heterocyclic ligands.

Selective binding of glutathione conjugates of fatty acid derivatives by plant glutathione transferases (2009)
Journal Article
Dixon, D., & Edwards, R. (2009). Selective binding of glutathione conjugates of fatty acid derivatives by plant glutathione transferases. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284(32), 21249-21256. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.020107

Proteomic studies with Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed that the plant-specific tau (U) class glutathione transferases (GSTs) are selectively retained by S-hexylglutathione affinity supports. Over-expression of members of the Arabidopsis GST superf... Read More about Selective binding of glutathione conjugates of fatty acid derivatives by plant glutathione transferases.

A kinetic model for the metabolism of the herbicide safener fenclorim in Arabidopsis thaliana. (2009)
Journal Article
Liu, J., Brazier-Hicks, M., & Edwards, R. (2009). A kinetic model for the metabolism of the herbicide safener fenclorim in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biophysical Chemistry, 143(1-2), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2009.04.006

Glutathione transferases (GSTs) catalyse the detoxification of a range of xenobiotics, including crop protection agents in plants. Recent studies in cultures of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have shown that the herbicide safener fenclorim (4,6... Read More about A kinetic model for the metabolism of the herbicide safener fenclorim in Arabidopsis thaliana..

The C-glycosylation of flavonoids in cereals (2009)
Journal Article
Brazier-Hicks, M., Evans, K., Gershater, M., Puschmann, H., Steel, P., & Edwards, R. (2009). The C-glycosylation of flavonoids in cereals. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284(27), 17926-17934. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.009258

Flavonoids normally accumulate in plants as O-glycosylated derivatives, but several species, including major cereal crops, predominantly synthesize flavone-C-glycosides, which are stable to hydrolysis and are biologically active both in planta and as... Read More about The C-glycosylation of flavonoids in cereals.

Enzyme activities and subcellular localization of members of the Arabidopsis glutathione transferase superfamily (2009)
Journal Article
Dixon, D., Hawkins, T., Hussey, P., & Edwards, R. (2009). Enzyme activities and subcellular localization of members of the Arabidopsis glutathione transferase superfamily. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60(4), 1207-1218. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern365

Enzyme screens with Strep-tagged recombinant proteins and expression studies with the respective green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions have been employed to examine the functional activities and subcellular localization of members of the Arabidopsi... Read More about Enzyme activities and subcellular localization of members of the Arabidopsis glutathione transferase superfamily.

An Efficient Method for ¹⁵N-Labeling of Chitin in Fungi (2009)
Journal Article
Watson, H., Apperley, D., Dixon, D., Edwards, R., & Hodgson, D. (2009). An Efficient Method for ¹⁵N-Labeling of Chitin in Fungi. Biomacromolecules, 10(4), 793-797. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm8012814

To permit facile 15N solid-state NMR (ssNMR) analysis of the degree of acetylation (DA) of chitinous materials in fungi a method for the introduction of a 15N isotopic label has been developed. Using Penicillium chrysogenum as a model system, a serie... Read More about An Efficient Method for ¹⁵N-Labeling of Chitin in Fungi.

Catabolism of glutathione conjugates in Arabidopsis thaliana: role in metabolic reactivation of the herbicide safener fenclorim. (2008)
Journal Article
Brazier-Hicks, M., Evans, K., Cunningham, O., Hodgson, D., Steel, P., & Edwards, R. (2008). Catabolism of glutathione conjugates in Arabidopsis thaliana: role in metabolic reactivation of the herbicide safener fenclorim. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283(30), 21102-21112. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m801998200

The safener fenclorim (4,6-dichloro-2-phenylpyrimidine) increases tolerance to chloroacetanilide herbicides in rice by enhancing the expression of detoxifying glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Fenclorim also enhances GSTs in Arabidopsis thaliana, an... Read More about Catabolism of glutathione conjugates in Arabidopsis thaliana: role in metabolic reactivation of the herbicide safener fenclorim..

Binding and glutathione conjugation of porphyrinogens by plant glutathione transferases (2008)
Journal Article
Dixon, D., Lapthorn, A., Madesis, P., Mudd, E., Day, A., & Edwards, R. (2008). Binding and glutathione conjugation of porphyrinogens by plant glutathione transferases. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283(29), 20268-20276. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m802026200

Over-expression in E. coli of a tau (U) class glutathione transferase (GST) from maize (Zea mays L.) termed ZmGSTU1 caused a reduction in heme levels and an accumulation of porphyrin precursors. This disruption was highly specific with the expression... Read More about Binding and glutathione conjugation of porphyrinogens by plant glutathione transferases.

Selection of plants for roles in phytoremediation: the importance of glucosylation (2007)
Journal Article
Brazier-Hicks, M., Edwards, L., & Edwards, R. (2007). Selection of plants for roles in phytoremediation: the importance of glucosylation. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 5(5), 627-635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7652.2007.00266.x

Over-expression and transposon mutagenesis in root cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated the importance of the family 1 glycosyltransferase UGT72B1 in catalysing the N-glucosylation of the persistent pollutant 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA). In ph... Read More about Selection of plants for roles in phytoremediation: the importance of glucosylation.

Species-specific effects of elevated CO2 on resource allocation in Plantago maritima and Armeria maritima. (2007)
Journal Article
Davey, M., Harmens, H., Ashenden, T., Edwards, R., & Baxter, R. (2007). Species-specific effects of elevated CO2 on resource allocation in Plantago maritima and Armeria maritima. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 35(3), 121-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2006.09.004

We investigated the effects of increased atmospheric CO2 on the biomass, photosynthesis, protein and phenolic concentrations and content of Plantago maritima and Armeria maritima. This enabled us to test the protein competition model (PCM) for predic... Read More about Species-specific effects of elevated CO2 on resource allocation in Plantago maritima and Armeria maritima..

Unique Regulation of the Active site of the Serine Esterase S-Formylglutathione Hydrolase. (2006)
Journal Article
Cummins, I., McAuley, K., Fordham-Skelton, A., Schwoerer, R., Steel, P. G., Davis, B. G., & Edwards, R. (2006). Unique Regulation of the Active site of the Serine Esterase S-Formylglutathione Hydrolase. Journal of Molecular Biology, 359(2), 422-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2006.03.048

S-Formylglutathione hydrolases (SFGHs) are highly conserved thioesterases present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and form part of the formaldehyde detoxification pathway, as well as functioning as xenobiotic-hydrolysing carboxyesterases. As defined b... Read More about Unique Regulation of the Active site of the Serine Esterase S-Formylglutathione Hydrolase..

Stress-induced protein S-glutathionylation in Arabidopsis (2005)
Journal Article
Dixon, D., Skipsey, M., Grundy, N., & Edwards, R. (2005). Stress-induced protein S-glutathionylation in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, 138(4), 2233-2244. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.104.058917

S-Glutathionylation (thiolation) is a ubiquitous redox-sensitive and reversible modification of protein cysteinyl residues that can directly regulate their activity. While well established in animals, little is known about the formation and function... Read More about Stress-induced protein S-glutathionylation in Arabidopsis.

Functional importance of the family 1 glucosyltransferase UGT72B1 in the metabolism of xenobiotics in Arabidopsis thaliana (2005)
Journal Article
Brazier-Hicks, M., & Edwards, R. (2005). Functional importance of the family 1 glucosyltransferase UGT72B1 in the metabolism of xenobiotics in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Journal, 42(4), 556-566. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02398.x

The Arabidopsis type 1 UDP-glucose-dependent glucosyltransferase UGT72B1 is highly active in conjugating the persistent pollutants 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP). To determine its importance in detoxifying xenobiotics in pl... Read More about Functional importance of the family 1 glucosyltransferase UGT72B1 in the metabolism of xenobiotics in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Synthesis and analysis of chimeric maize glutathione transferases (2005)
Journal Article
Dixon, D., Lapthorn, A., & Edwards, R. (2005). Synthesis and analysis of chimeric maize glutathione transferases. Plant Science, 168(4), 873-881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.11.009

Plant glutathione transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of enzymes that have diversified to fulfil multiple functions including detoxifying xenobiotics such as herbicides, by catalysing their conjugation with glutathione. Each GST is a dimeric protei... Read More about Synthesis and analysis of chimeric maize glutathione transferases.

Effects of elevated CO2 on the vasculature and phenolic secondary metabolism of Plantago maritima (2004)
Journal Article
Davey, M. P., Bryant, D. N., Cummins, I., Ashenden, T. W., Gates, P., Baxter, R., & Edwards, R. (2004). Effects of elevated CO2 on the vasculature and phenolic secondary metabolism of Plantago maritima. Phytochemistry, 65(15), 2197-2204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.06.016

We have examined the effect of elevated CO2 on the vasculature and phenolic secondary metabolism on clones of the maritime plant Plantago maritima (L.). Plants were exposed to either ambient (360 μmol CO2 mol−1) or elevated (600 μmol CO2 mol−1) atmos... Read More about Effects of elevated CO2 on the vasculature and phenolic secondary metabolism of Plantago maritima.

Purification and cloning of an esterase from the weed black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides), which bioactivates aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides (2004)
Journal Article
Cummins, I., & Edwards, R. (2004). Purification and cloning of an esterase from the weed black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides), which bioactivates aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides. The Plant Journal, 39(6), 894-904. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02174.x

Carboxyesterases which activate aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) graminicides to their bioactive herbicidal acids by hydrolysing the respective ester precursors have been identified in black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides), a problem weed of cereal cro... Read More about Purification and cloning of an esterase from the weed black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides), which bioactivates aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides.

Cloning and initial characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana Endoplasmic Reticulum Oxidoreductins (2003)
Journal Article
Dixon, D., van Lith, M., Edwards, R., & Benham, A. (2003). Cloning and initial characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana Endoplasmic Reticulum Oxidoreductins. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, 5(4), 389-396. https://doi.org/10.1089/152308603768295122

The oxidation and isomerization of disulfide bonds is necessary for the growth of all organisms. In yeast, the oxidative folding of secretory pathway proteins is catalyzed by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which requires Ero1p (endoplasmic reticu... Read More about Cloning and initial characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana Endoplasmic Reticulum Oxidoreductins.

Forced evolution of a herbicide detoxifying glutathione transferase (2003)
Journal Article
Dixon, D., McEwen, A., Lapthorn, A., & Edwards, R. (2003). Forced evolution of a herbicide detoxifying glutathione transferase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278(26), 23930-23935. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m303620200

Plant Tau class glutathione transferases (GSTUs) detoxify diphenylether herbicides such as fluorodifen, determining their selectivity in crops and weeds. Using reconstructive PCR, a series of mutant GSTUs were generated from in vitro recombination an... Read More about Forced evolution of a herbicide detoxifying glutathione transferase.