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Integrated condition-based maintenance modelling and optimisation for offshore wind farms (2021)
Journal Article
Dao, C. D., Kazemtabrizi, B., Crabtree, C. J., & Tavner, P. J. (2021). Integrated condition-based maintenance modelling and optimisation for offshore wind farms. Wind Energy, 24(11), 1180-1198. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2625

Maintenance is essential in keeping wind energy assets operating efficiently. With the development of advanced condition monitoring, diagnostics and prognostics, condition‐based maintenance has attracted much attention in the offshore wind industry i... Read More about Integrated condition-based maintenance modelling and optimisation for offshore wind farms.

Condition Monitoring of Rotating Electrical Machines (2020)
Book
Tavner, P. J., Ran, L., & Crabtree, C. J. (2020). Condition Monitoring of Rotating Electrical Machines. (3rd ed.). Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)

Condition monitoring of engineering plants has increased in importance as engineering processes have become increasingly automated. However, electrical machinery usually receives attention only at infrequent intervals when the plant or the electricit... Read More about Condition Monitoring of Rotating Electrical Machines.

Validation of a non-contact technique for torque measurements in wind turbines using an enhanced transient FSV approach (2019)
Journal Article
Zhang, G., Zappalá, D., Crabtree, C., Donaghy-Spargo, C., Hogg, S., & Duffy, A. (2020). Validation of a non-contact technique for torque measurements in wind turbines using an enhanced transient FSV approach. Measurement, 151, Article 107261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.107261

In-service turbine monitoring is essential for maximizing the wind energy contribution to the global energy budget. Measurement of turbine shaft torque under transient wind conditions is fundamental to develop reliable condition monitoring techniques... Read More about Validation of a non-contact technique for torque measurements in wind turbines using an enhanced transient FSV approach.

Directory of UK Based Test and Demonstration Facilities for Wind Technologies (2018)
Report
Zappalá, D., Crabtree, C., & Hogg, S. (2018). Directory of UK Based Test and Demonstration Facilities for Wind Technologies. [No known commissioning body]

The UK’s extensive wind resource and rich history in the energy industry have made the UK internationally leading in both academic understanding and technology development capability in the wind energy sector. The sector is continuously and dynamical... Read More about Directory of UK Based Test and Demonstration Facilities for Wind Technologies.

Electrical & Mechanical Diagnostic Indicators of Wind Turbine Induction Generator Rotor Faults (2018)
Journal Article
Zappalá, D., Sarma, N., Djurović, S., Crabtree, C., Mohammad, A., & Tavner, P. (2019). Electrical & Mechanical Diagnostic Indicators of Wind Turbine Induction Generator Rotor Faults. Renewable Energy, 131, 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.06.098

In MW-sized wind turbines, the most widely-used generator is the wound rotor induction machine, with a partially-rated voltage source converter connected to the rotor. This generator is a significant cause of wind turbine fault modes. In this paper,... Read More about Electrical & Mechanical Diagnostic Indicators of Wind Turbine Induction Generator Rotor Faults.

Impact of wind conditions on thermal loading of PMSG wind turbine power converters (2017)
Journal Article
Smith, C., Crabtree, C., & Matthews, P. (2017). Impact of wind conditions on thermal loading of PMSG wind turbine power converters. IET Power Electronics, 10(11), 1268-1278. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2016.0802

Power converter reliability is critical for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbines. Converter failures are linked to power module thermal loading but studies often neglect turbine dynamics, control and the impact of wind speed sa... Read More about Impact of wind conditions on thermal loading of PMSG wind turbine power converters.

Monitoring Wind Turbine Loading Using Power Converter Signals (2016)
Journal Article
Rieg, C., Smith, C., & Crabtree, C. (2016). Monitoring Wind Turbine Loading Using Power Converter Signals. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 749(1), Article 012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/749/1/012018

The ability to detect faults and predict loads on a wind turbine drivetrain's mechanical components cost-effectively is critical to making the cost of wind energy competitive. In order to investigate whether this is possible using the readily availab... Read More about Monitoring Wind Turbine Loading Using Power Converter Signals.

Reliability and condition monitoring (2016)
Book Chapter
Zappalá, D., Crabtree, C., & Tavner, P. (2016). Reliability and condition monitoring. In S. Hogg, & C. Crabtree (Eds.), UK Wind Energy Technologies (76-136). Routledge

Evaluation of Synthetic Wind Speed Time Series for Reliability Analysis of Offshore Wind Farms (2015)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Smith, C., Crabtree, C., & Matthews, P. (2015). Evaluation of Synthetic Wind Speed Time Series for Reliability Analysis of Offshore Wind Farms.

A method for synthesising wind speed time series (WSTS) from limited data is required that can be used for reliability examination of wind farms and maintenance strategies for a range of wind speed scenarios. Key characteristics of the wind resource... Read More about Evaluation of Synthetic Wind Speed Time Series for Reliability Analysis of Offshore Wind Farms.

Experimental Set-up for Applying Wind Turbine Operating Profiles to the Nacelle Power Converter (2015)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Smith, C., Crabtree, C., & Matthews, P. (2015). Experimental Set-up for Applying Wind Turbine Operating Profiles to the Nacelle Power Converter.

Studies have shown that the reliability of fully rated converters (FRC) in permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbines is critical. This paper outlines an experimental rig that applies PMSG wind turbine specific operating profiles to... Read More about Experimental Set-up for Applying Wind Turbine Operating Profiles to the Nacelle Power Converter.

Wind Energy: UK Experiences and Offshore Operational Challenges (2015)
Journal Article
Crabtree, C., Zappalá, D., & Hogg, S. (2015). Wind Energy: UK Experiences and Offshore Operational Challenges. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 229(7), 727-746. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957650915597560

This paper presents a discussion of the development of wind energy generation in the United Kingdom and the challenges faced by the wind industry including reliability, performance and condition monitoring, particularly in the offshore environment. T... Read More about Wind Energy: UK Experiences and Offshore Operational Challenges.

Modelling and Evaluation of Wind Speed Time Series for Reliability Analysis of Offshore Wind Farms (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Smith, C., Crabtree, C., Matthews, P., & Kazemtabrizi, B. (2014). Modelling and Evaluation of Wind Speed Time Series for Reliability Analysis of Offshore Wind Farms.

This paper outlines proposed testing criteria for wind speed time series (WSTS) models. The objective is to assess their suitability for reliability analysis that is dependent on an accurate representation of weather patterns. Two WSTS models were an... Read More about Modelling and Evaluation of Wind Speed Time Series for Reliability Analysis of Offshore Wind Farms.

Determining the Wind Speed Distribution within a Wind Farm considering Site Wind Characteristics and Wake Effects (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ahmad, T., Smith, C., Matthews, P., Crabtree, C., & Kazemtabrizi, B. (2014). Determining the Wind Speed Distribution within a Wind Farm considering Site Wind Characteristics and Wake Effects.

This paper introduces a wind speed model for simulating the distribution of wind speeds within a wind farm. The model combines a macro scale wind speed time series (WSTS) model based on a continuous Markov process with a wake flow model, based on the... Read More about Determining the Wind Speed Distribution within a Wind Farm considering Site Wind Characteristics and Wake Effects.

Survey of Commercially Available SCADA Data Analysis Tools for Wind Turbine Health Monitoring (2014)
Report
Chen, B., Zappalá, D., Crabtree, C., & Tavner, P. (2014). Survey of Commercially Available SCADA Data Analysis Tools for Wind Turbine Health Monitoring. [No known commissioning body]

By analysing data from the Signal Conditioning and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems fitted to wind turbines (WT) their manufacturers, Operators and other experts are able to monitor and improve WT performance. This survey summarises and describes the... Read More about Survey of Commercially Available SCADA Data Analysis Tools for Wind Turbine Health Monitoring.

Survey of commercially available condition monitoring systems for wind turbines (2014)
Report
Crabtree, C., Zappalá, D., & Tavner, P. (2014). Survey of commercially available condition monitoring systems for wind turbines. UK EPSRC SUPERGEN Wind Energy Technologies programme

As wind energy assumes greater importance in remote and offshore locations, effective and reliable condition monitoring techniques are required. Failure rate and downtime studies have also highlighted a need for condition monitoring of particular win... Read More about Survey of commercially available condition monitoring systems for wind turbines.

Side-band algorithm for automatic wind turbine gearbox fault detection and diagnosis (2014)
Journal Article
Zappalá, D., Tavner, P., Crabtree, C., & Sheng, S. (2014). Side-band algorithm for automatic wind turbine gearbox fault detection and diagnosis. IET Renewable Power Generation, 8(4), 380-389. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2013.0177

Improving the availability of wind turbines is critical for minimising the cost of wind energy, especially offshore. The development of reliable and cost-effective gearbox condition monitoring systems (CMSs) is of concern to the wind industry, becaus... Read More about Side-band algorithm for automatic wind turbine gearbox fault detection and diagnosis.