Discovery of a red supergiant counterpart to RX J004722.4-252051, a ULX in NGC 253

Heida, M.; Torres, M.A.P.; Jonker, P.G.; Servillat, M.; Repetto, S.; Roberts, T.P.; Walton, D.J.; Moon, D.-S.; Harrison, F.A.

Abstract

We present two epochs of near-infrared spectroscopy of the candidate red supergiant counterpart to RX J004722.4–252051, a ULX in NGC 253. We measure radial velocities of the object and its approximate spectral type by cross-correlating our spectra with those of known red supergiants. Our VLT/X-shooter spectrum is best matched by that of early M-type supergiants, confirming the red supergiant nature of the candidate counterpart. The radial velocity of the spectrum, taken on 2014 August 23, is 417 ± 4 km s−1. This is consistent with the radial velocity measured in our spectrum taken with Magellan/MMIRS on 2013 June 28, of 410 ± 70 km s−1, although the large error on the latter implies that a radial velocity shift expected for a black hole of tens of M⊙ can easily be hidden. Using nebular emission lines we find that the radial velocity due to the rotation of NGC 253 is 351 ± 4 km s−1 at the position of the ULX. Thus the radial velocity of the counterpart confirms that the source is located in NGC 253, but also shows an offset with respect to the local bulk motion of the galaxy of 66 ± 6 km s−1. We argue that the most likely origin for this displacement lies either in a SN kick, requiring a system containing a ≳ 50 M⊙ black hole, and/or in orbital radial velocity variations in the ULX binary system, requiring a ≳ 100 M⊙ black hole. We therefore conclude that RX J004722.4–252051 is a strong candidate for a ULX containing a massive stellar black hole.

Citation

Heida, M., Torres, M., Jonker, P., Servillat, M., Repetto, S., Roberts, T., …Harrison, F. (2015). Discovery of a red supergiant counterpart to RX J004722.4-252051, a ULX in NGC 253. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 453(4), 3510-3518. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1853

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Aug 8, 2015
• Publication Date: Nov 11, 2015
• Deposit Date: Sep 16, 2015
• Publicly Available Date: Sep 22, 2015
• Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• Print ISSN: 0035-8711
• Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
• Publisher: Royal Astronomical Society
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 453
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 3510-3518
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1853
• Keywords: Supergiants, Infrared: stars, X-rays: binaries, X-rays: individual: RX J004722.4-252051.
• Related Public URLs: http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.00315